Subordinate Enterprise Research Articles

Analysis and Optimization Measures of Fund Control Issues in Enterprise Groups

Enterprise groups have the characteristics of numerous subordinate enterprises, dispersed regions, multi-level legal entities, complex management, and capital flow running through various links such as procurement, production, and marketing. Funds are the lifeline of enterprises, and only when the level of fund control is at a certain level and adapted to the current development of the enterprise, can the survival and development of the enterprise be guaranteed. In recent years, incidents of payment crises and even bankruptcies have repeatedly occurred in well-developed enterprises due to poor financial control. Therefore, strengthening the control of enterprise group funds has become an urgent problem that most enterprise groups face in their development.

The legal and organizational principles of attestation of candidates to patent attorneys

Keywords: intellectual property, attestation, representation, legal status, patent attorneys
 The article is devoted to the study of the organizational and legal principles of attestation of candidates to patent attorneys in Ukraine. The article analyses formation and development of the institute of patent attorneys in the context of obtaining the legal status of a patent attorney and adducesperiodization of the stages of development of the attestation procedure from 1994 to2022. The possibility is substantiated of conditional distinguishing of four stages. The first stage of formation of legal bases of the institute of patent attorneys in Ukraine (1994−1996) is connected with creation of legal bases of functioning of the institute, definition of standard and requirements for obtaining the legal status of a patent attorney, introduction of procedure of attestation of candidates to patent attorneys, formation of community of patent attorneys. The second stage of the development of the institute of patent attorneys conditionallylasted from 1996 to 2016 and is conditionally characterized as a period of strong development of the patent attorneys community, in particular by regular attestation, the creation of the first professional association of patent attorneys and their active assistance in the development of intellectual property protection.
 The third stage, which has been ongoing from 2017 to the present, is actually characterized by the suspension of attestation and the block of the possibility of obtaining the legal status of a patent attorney. It has been established that the result of the reform of the system of legal protection of intellectual property, in particular the liquidation of the State Intellectual Property Service and the subordination of the relevant sphere of intellectual property to the competence of the Ministry of Economy, was the suspension of the attestation procedure. The exclusion from participation in the attestation procedure of the educationalinstitution, based on which attestation and transfer of the relevant functions to the subordinate enterprise took place, partially complicated the continuation of the attestation procedure. The expulsion from participation of the educational institution in the attestation procedure, because of which the attestation took place and transfer of the relevant functions to the subordinate enterprise, partially complicated the continuation of the attestation procedure. The attention has been drawn to the absence of the corresponding order of the Ministry of Economy on the approval of composition of the Attestation and the Appeal Commission. The authors have described the prospects for the development of the attestation procedure at the fourth stage, which can tentatively begin in 2022.

On the Differential Analysis of Enterprise Valuation Methods as a Guideline for Unlisted Companies Assessment (I): Empowering Discounted Cash Flow Valuation

The Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method is probably the most extended approach used in company valuation, its main drawbacks being probably the known extreme sensitivity to key variables such as Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Free Cash Flow (FCF) estimations not unquestionably obtained. In this paper we propose an unbiased and systematic DCF method which allows us to value private equity by leveraging on stock markets evidences, based on a twofold approach: First, the use of the inverse method assesses the existence of a coherent WACC that positively compares with market observations; second, different FCF forecasting methods are benchmarked and shown to correspond with actual valuations. We use financial historical data including 42 companies in five sectors, extracted from Eikon-Reuters. Our results show that WACC and FCF forecasting are not coherent with market expectations along time, with sectors, or with market regions, when only historical and endogenous variables are taken into account. The best estimates are found when exogenous variables, operational normalization of input space, and data-driven linear techniques are considered (Root Mean Square Error of 6.51). Our method suggests that FCFs and their positive alignment with Market Capitalization and the subordinate enterprise value are the most influencing variables. The fine-tuning of the methods presented here, along with an exhaustive analysis using nonlinear machine-learning techniques, are developed and discussed in the companion paper.

Decision-Making and Performance Analysis of Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Different Recycling Modes and Channel Power Structures

The recycling and remanufacturing of e-waste is linked to a worldwide emphasis on the establishment and implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility system (ERP), which has become an important problem in the process of cycling economy. Meanwhile, with the development and expansion of large-scale retail enterprises, the power structure of supply chain channels is showing a tendency towards diversity as well. However, few studies on closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) have considered both recycling modes and channel power structures. We aim to explore the influence of different recycling modes and channel power structures on the optimal decisions and performance of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), considering three recycling channels including manufacturer recycling, retailer recycling and hybrid recycling of retailer and manufacturer and two dominant modes including manufacturer-led and retailer-led. We construct six closed-loop supply chain models under different combinations of three recycling channels and two dominant modes. We analyze the effect of different recycling channels on company decision-making under the same dominant mode, whether participating in recycling has an impact on company decision-making under different dominant modes, and the effect on supply chain members and supply chain system under different dominant modes and recycling channels. The results show that the hybrid recycling strategy is always optimal for both supply chain members; the sub-optimal recycling strategies are both recycled by the subordinate enterprise, and the worst recycling strategies are both recycled by the leading enterprise. Moreover, it is always the worst strategy for manufacturer to participate in a closed-loop supply chain dominated by retailer and recycled by retailer; participating in a closed-loop supply chain dominated by manufacturer and recycled by manufacturer is always the worst strategy for retailer. From a system point of view, system efficiency is the highest under hybrid recycling, and system efficiency is the lowest if leading company recycles separately.

Different Dominant Models and Fairness Concern of E-Supply Chain

In this study, we examine the impact of the dominant enterprise’s fairness concern on decisions in e-supply chains. Considering that the network platform’s service level obviously influences product sales, an e-supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single network platform is constructed. In this setting, four models of whether fairness concern is considered by the different dominant parties are investigated, and optimal decisions of the four models are compared and analyzed to study the impact of fairness concern. The findings show that when fairness concern is not taken into account, the profits when enterprises are dominating system are higher than when they are not dominating system. When fairness concern is considered, the dominant enterprise’s fairness concern is beneficial to increase the subordinate enterprise’s profit, but it will reduce its profit. And when the network platform dominates system and considers fairness concern, the sales price and the service level are the highest, indicating that consumers can get an enjoyable shopping experience. To sales price, it is negatively correlated with the fairness concern coefficient if manufacturer dominates the system, while it is positively correlated with the fairness concern coefficient if network platform dominates the system. Regardless of who has the fairness concern, fairness concern can improve the service level and increase consumer stickiness.

Strategy Research on Incentive Mechanism for Scientific and Technical Personnel in State Grid Corporation of China

At present, enterprises generally put scientific and technological innovation in the first place of their own strategic development. The core element of scientific and technological innovation is human resource. It is necessary to continuously inspire the vitality of scientific and technical personnel to improve the efficiency and benefit of innovation. From the realistic need of promoting incentive mechanism of scientific and technological innovation of enterprises, this article draws a conclusion that it’s necessary for State Grid Corporation of China to carry out incentive mechanism for scientific and technological personnel. On this basis, this article puts forward the ideas of incentive mechanism for scientific and technological personnel in State Grid Corporation of China, namely, growth incentives, spiritual incentives, economic incentives, environmental incentives, as well as selection model of incentive mechanism for scientific and technical personnel. Finally, on the basis of integrating the selection model of incentive mechanism, scientific and technological enterprises affiliated to State Grid Corporation of China are divided into four categories: technical research unit, soft scientific research unit, industrial unit, provincial (city) company. Meanwhile this article proposes different incentive strategies for the different subordinate enterprises. The contingent of scientific and technological personnel is the strategic core resource that relates to the development of scientific and technological innovation of companies in overall situation. And it’s an important support to successfully construct an international first-class science and technology innovation system. At present, there exist many problems in construction of talent team of scientific and technological innovation of State Grid Corporation of China. Such as lack of high-end technology leaders who have influence in scientific research at home and abroad, lack of systematic training and smooth career development channel, and incentive mean for innovation talents of scientific and technological is single. These all can‘t fully meet the development needs about the construction on two class of company. In order to build a world-class science and technology innovation system, it is necessary to further innovate the way of construction on scientific and technological personnel of the company. It’s necessary to speed up introduction, allocation, cultivation and incentive for scientific and technological talents. And it’s necessary to strive to establish a contingent of scientific and technological personnel that have the adequacy of the number of people, reasonable structure, good quality adopted to the world-class science and technology innovation system.

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE RIVNE REGION IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1960S

It is noted that in the early 1960s in the Ukrainian SSR economy the "negative tendencies" caused by the imperfection of activities of Regional Economic Soviets, as well as a number of subjective factors (significant shabbiness of the basic production funds, deformed structure of the allocation of productive forces, slowing down in real income growth). While analyzing the agro-industrial complex of the Rivne region, the successes and failures of the party-Soviet leadership in the development of major industries and agriculture are shown, and the shortcomings of the heads of individual industrial enterprises are pointed out. It was stressed that the Lviv Regional Economic Soviet and its management paid insufficient attention to subordinate enterprises. He weakly supervised their work and did not provide specific assistance in overcoming their backwardness, nor provided qualified personnel. It has been shown that such programs as accelerating technological progress in all industries, improving technical and economic indicators in industry and construction, as well as implementing the experience of enterprises that have effectively used capital investment, have minimized labor costs per unit of output, remained unfulfilled. Solving these problems would allow increasing the level of industrial production, to solve the problem of employment of unemployed people, to use natural resources more effectively. The author argues that the economic reform of 1965, which helps to the restoration of a centralized governance model based on Union-wide sectoral ministries and agencies, was inevitable. Further research prospects are the analysis of the living standards of the USSR population in the 1950s and 1960s in the context of the current socio-economic and socio-political processes. Keywords: Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU), Rivne region, industry, economy, economic stagnation, State Planning Committee of the USSR.

К вопросу о мониторинге результативности оказания государственных услуг

In the current context the new paradigm of management - result orientation gets special importance. And this applies to all levels of the administrative hierarchy, including the bodies of state and municipal government and their subordinate enterprises and organizations. In this regard, one of the main tasks of management becomes activity efficiency management, and this leads to the need to developing the scoring system to measure the results of work performed, which could be used on a regular basis. Thus, monitoring of efficiency in current conditions gets increasingly actuality. Detection of features of the organization and carrying out efficiency monitoring of rendering the state services is the purpose of the article. The theoretical research carried out by authors allowed receiving the following results. Firstly, efficiency monitoring restrictions were revealed. Generally these restrictions are connected not with process of collection of information, and with its interpretation and use at development and adoption of the administrative decision. Secondly, the main indicators of the effectiveness assessment, among them efficiency, the submission to control and profitability were offered. In this regard also efficiency indicators concerning separate types of the state services are developed. Thirdly, parameters of efficiency assessment of rendering the state service, such as a waiting time and performance, the cost, reliability, number of mistakes, etc. were developed. Fourthly, the main areas of carrying out of efficiency monitoring were defined. This majority of public and private services, beginning from programs of public safety, public works and rendering of services to the population and finishing with programs of environmental protection, state regulation and national defense, and also the sphere of "internal" services.

Organization Integration of Enterprises in the Organization of Production Power

Within this article, you should give a definition of the term food. We believe that food production (PP) is the power workers, the public organized by the subordinate enterprise power with specific activity of industrial enterprises (industry national economy, the location, the availability of industrial hazards, behavior, composition, health status and taste preferences contingent), as well as organizational and economic capacities of industrial enterprises to ensure its functioning and development.

Design and Implementation of a Safety Statistics Administration System

Using of advanced network technology and information technology, a construction scheme for unified statistical information management platform is proposed in this paper. In the scheme, the business of municipal statistics bureau is used as the center, and the scientific statistical system is used as the core. The scheme can be used as the internal service system for the subordinate enterprises and the branch of statistics bureau, which can provide business of online direct report, online surveys, propaganda, consulting, announcements and other statistical information services. The efficiency and accuracy of statistical data reporting are improved, and the labor intensity of statistical work is reduced. This approach can be used to develop a standardized management system covering the whole field of statistical business.