Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Static Hamstring Stretching in Normal Healthy Individuals with Hamstring Tightness: A Randomised Clinical Trial

BACKGROUNDHamstring tightness is a major contributing factor for lower back pain, lumbar spine disorders and sports related injuries. Many studies has been done to improve the flexibility of hamstring muscle by various techniques such as different stretching techniques myofascial Release Therapy, neuro-muscular therapy and Muscle Energy Technique etc. All of these technique mentioned act at the hamstring muscle level to provide its effectiveness. In a present study we aimed at to find out the effectiveness of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique for improving tightness in hamstring muscle. Hence this study is done to find out the effectiveness of applying suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on distant muscle flexibility in turn to prove the distant muscle relationship. Study is done with the aim to find whether suboccipital muscle inhibition technique can be used along with conventional methods for improving tightness of hamstring muscle.AIMTo compare the effectiveness of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and static hamstring stretching in normal individuals with hamstring tightness.MethodsIn this comparative study total 165 individuals were screened for tightness of hamstring. Individuals who satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected from the normal healthy population. A total of 100 healthy subjects of both genders between the age of 18 and 25 were recruited in this trial. After doing block randomization subjects were assigned to two groups ,in Group A 50 subjects were given suboccipital muscle inhibition technique for 5 sessions for 5 consecutive days. Another group 50 subjects were given static stretching to both the lower limbs for 30 seconds followed by 15 seconds relaxation, for 5 sessions for 5 consecutive days.RESULTSActive knee extension test using Mann Whitney U test in both suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and static hamstring stretching group shows no difference(p=0.623) for pretreatment, while significant result immediately post treatment (0.002) and statistically significant result in baseline parameters after 5 sessions of treatment (0.000)Forward flexion distance test using Mann Whitney U test in both suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and static hamstring stretching group shows no significant difference(p=0.088) for pretreatment and also for immediately post treatment (0.893) but shows statistically significant result in baseline parameters after 5 sessions of treatment (0.009)CONCLUSIONSuboccipital muscle inhibition technique and static hamstring stretching are both effective in improving the flexibility of hamstring muscle. The Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique is more effective compared to static hamstring stretching in normal healthy individuals with hamstring tightness.

The Additional Effect of Neurodynamic Slump and Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition to Passive Stretching of the Short Hamstring: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hamstring shortening is a significant musculoskeletal condition affecting the posture and mobility of the spine and lower extremities. This study examined the impact of incorporating neurodynamic slump stretch and suboccipital muscle inhibition into passive static stretching on hamstring flexibility in individuals with short hamstrings. 117 female participants were classified into three groups: the control group, which received passive static stretch of the hamstring muscle; the neurodynamic slump group, which received neurodynamic slump stretch with passive static stretch; and the suboccipital muscle inhibition group, which received suboccipital muscle inhibition with passive static stretch, for three sessions a week, 10 min each, for four weeks. The outcome measures were the popliteal angle test (PAT), straight leg raising (SLR) test, and forward bending test (FBT) at baseline, immediately following the first session and after four weeks. Statistically significant differences were found within groups (p < 0.001) for all outcome measures. Between the groups, there was a more significant improvement in the PAT and the SLR tests, favoring the neurodynamic slump and suboccipital muscle inhibition groups in comparison with the passive static stretch group (p < 0.001) with no significant difference between the two groups after the first session and at four weeks of treatment. However, the FBT showed no significant differences immediately following the first session or at four weeks of treatment (p > 0.05). This study found that incorporating neurodynamic slump stretch and suboccipital muscle inhibition into passive static stretch techniques effectively treats short hamstrings in healthy individuals.

Effects of the Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique on Pain, Functional Disability and Quality of Life in Patients with Sacroiliac Joint Pain: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of the Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique on Pain, Functional Disability and Quality of Life in Patients with Sacroiliac Joint Pain: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Additional Effects Of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Along With Conventional Approach On Pain, Physical Function and Range of Motion in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain: An Experimental Study

Additional Effects Of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Along With Conventional Approach On Pain, Physical Function and Range of Motion in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain: An Experimental Study

Effects of Sub-Occipital Muscle Inhibition with and Without Hold Relax Agonist Contraction of Hamstrings on Pain, Disability and Craniovertebral Angle in Neck Pain Patients with Hamstring Tightness

Background: Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder with significant impacts on individuals' daily functioning and quality of life. The Superficial Backline (SBL) concept suggests that muscles and fascial structures are interconnected, implying that addressing muscle tightness in one area can influence distant regions. This study explored the effects of sub-occipital muscle inhibition (SMI) with and without hold-relax agonist contraction (HR-AC) of the hamstrings on pain, disability, and craniovertebral angle in patients with neck pain and hamstring tightness. Objective: To determine the efficacy of SMI with and without HR-AC on pain relief, neck disability, and craniovertebral angle in patients suffering from neck pain and hamstring tightness. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 34 participants aged 20-40 years with neck pain (NPRS ≥ 5) and hamstring tightness (≥ 30° extension lag). Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (SMI without HR-AC) and Group B (SMI with HR-AC). Interventions were administered three times per week for two weeks. Pain, craniovertebral angle, and neck disability were assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Bubble Inclinometer, Image J software, and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Data were collected at baseline and post-treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with paired and independent t-tests used to compare outcomes within and between groups. Results: Significant reductions in NPRS scores were observed in both groups: Group A (mean pre-treatment: 6.25 ± 0.85, post-treatment: 3.18 ± 0.98) and Group B (mean pre-treatment: 6.40 ± 0.986, post-treatment: 2.133 ± 0.743). Craniovertebral angle improved significantly in both groups: Group A (mean pre-treatment: 41.25° ± 3.51, post-treatment: 45.48° ± 2.94) and Group B (mean pre-treatment: 40.99° ± 2.70, post-treatment: 49.02° ± 2.868). NDI scores also showed marked improvement: Group A (mean pre-treatment: 32.96 ± 3.04, post-treatment: 15.38 ± 3.39) and Group B (mean pre-treatment: 33.03 ± 2.89, post-treatment: 11.25 ± 3.27). Group B demonstrated more significant improvements in all measured outcomes compared to Group A (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Both interventions, SMI without HR-AC and SMI with HR-AC, significantly reduced pain, improved craniovertebral angle, and decreased neck disability. However, the combination of SMI with HR-AC was more effective, highlighting the importance of addressing both ends of the myofascial chain in managing neck pain and hamstring tightness.

The impact of suboccipital muscle inhibition on postural stability in young individuals

Introduction. Postural stability is the result of cooperation between the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. The stability of standing posture ensures the spatial arrangement of the body, where the center of gravity falls within the center of the support base. FHT (Forward Head Posture) increases the extension in the occipito-cervical joint and upper cervical spine, deepening the flexion of the lower cervical segment, causing improper contraction of the suboccipital muscles. Disorders in the tone of the suboccipital muscles may affect the balance. Objective. The research hypothesis was made that a single 4-minute suboccipital muscle inhibition procedure influences the change in postural stability values with open and closed eyes in individuals with cranio vertebral angle (CVA) within the normal range and below. Materials and Methods. Healthy participants (10 women and 8 men) with an age of 22.7 ± 0.58. The participants took part in the study. They were classified into research groups based on the CVA angle assessment. Postural stability analysis used the Koordynacja stabilometric platform. Measurements were taken with open and closed eyes, before and immediately after suboccipital muscle inhibition. Results. The suboccipital muscle inhibition was observed to affect anterior-posterior (A-P) displacements in group A (CVA &lt; 50) p-value = 0.0168, with no significant impact in group B (CVA ≥ 50), p-value = 0.3695. Conclusion. A single 4-minute suboccipital muscle inhibition procedure does not significantly influence postural stability parameters in the examined groups, except for A-P displacements with open eyes in the CVA &lt; 50 group.

Effects of Sub-Occipital Muscles Inhibition and Self Stretch on Calf and Hamstring Muscle Tightness: One Time Comparative Study

Background: Muscle tightness is the most limiting factor for restricted ROM and decreased joint flexibility. Hamstring and calf muscles are more prone to getting tight, which causes musculoskeletal problems. This study focused on checking the effects of various therapeutic techniques, including the sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique and self-stretching technique, on hamstring and calf muscle flexibility in subjects with tight muscle groups. Objectives: To determine the effects of sub-occipital muscle inhibition and self-stretch on calf and hamstring muscle tightness. Methodology: A total number of 60 subjects aged between 20 and 45years were analyzed for the Active knee extension test, Passive dorsiflexion test, and Sit and reach test to assess the sub-occipital muscle inhibition and self-stretch on calf and hamstring muscle tightness. Result: Showed significant improvement in AKE following suboccipital muscle inhibition (pre= 135.9; post = 162.63) and self-stretching (pre= 137.53; post=162.13) Had been obtained by comparing pre and post-intervention values of outcome measures AKE () (AKE, SRT and Ankle DF) by using paired t-test whereas between-group comparison of post, data mean and SD is done by impaired t-test. Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that the sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique is more effective in relieving tightness from the hamstring and calf group of muscles as compared to the self-stretching technique in AKE, SRT, and Ankle dorsiflexion. Keywords: calf muscle tightness, Hamstring muscle tightness.

Integrating Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Techniques with Adjunctive Therapies for Tension-type Headache: A Narrative Review

Objective: Tension Type Headache (TTH) recounted as ‘a band encircling the head’ which is mild to moderate in intensity and bilateral in location. Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique (SMIT) is one of the manual therapy procedures utilised for treating myofascial areas that have been compromised due to restriction. Aim: To determine the effect of SMI combined with other therapeutic approaches in patients with. Materials and Methods: The following researches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane and google scholar from year 2015-2024 with the keywords “Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition” and “Tension Type Headache”. The searches yielded 1,630 studies, out of which four randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were include in the narrative review. Results: This review summarise the literature of SMI technique, spinal manipulation and electrotherapy intervention in reducing headache intensity, disability and pericranial tenderness and increase in craniocervical flexion and extension in individuals with TTH. Conclusion: Integrating SMI techniques with adjunctive therapies holds great promise for the management of TTH. Clinicians should consider this multimodal approach in their treatment plans. TTH is a chronic condition and on amalgamating this technique with other therapeutic intervention shows better improvement in pain management.

Effects of Sub-Occipital Muscles Inhibition Technique and Cranio-Cervical Flexion Exercise for Mechanical Neck Pain

Aim: To compare the effects of Suboccipital muscle Release (SMI) techniques and Cranio-Cervical Flexion Exercise (CCFE) for Range of motion, pain, neck disability and forward head posture (FHP) in mechanical neck pain patients. Methodology: This Randomize Clinical Trial was conducted in Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi, within a duration of 6 months.Total 28 patients who fullfilled inclusion criteria such as were randomly allocated equall into two treatment groupthrough lottery method. Group A received suboccipital muscle inhibition technique while Group B received craniocerviacal flexion exercises. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and after four weeks through numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Goniometer, and craniovertebral angle. IBM SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis.Parametric test i.e., independent t test was applied on normal distributed data for between group analysis and Paired t test was applied for within group analysis for NDI. Non-parametric test i.e., Mann- Whitney U test was applied for between group analysis and Wilcoxon test were applied for within group analysis for FHP, NPRS and ROM. Results: Groups A and Group B showed significant improvement (p˂0.05) in within group analysis in Numeric Pain Rating Scale, forward head posture, neck disability index and cervical range of motion. Practical implication: Mechanical neck pain accounts approximately 50% to neck pain and may induce functional disability in many patients. The current study findings can be used to formulate effective, accessible andeconomical treatment strategies for Mechanical neck pain, so it may be interesting to the readers ofyour journal. Conclusion: Sub occipital muscle inhibition technique and cranio cervical flexion exercises areequally effective techniques to increase cervical range of motion, decrease neck disability, decrease pain intensity, and improvecranio-vertebral angle in patients with mechanical neck pain. Keywords: Cranio-cervical flexion exercises, Cranio-vertebral angle, Neck Disability Index, Range of Motion,

Immediate effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of hamstring muscles on straight leg raise, craniovertebral angle, and cervical spine range of motion in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

The cranio-cervical flexion exercise and sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique have been used to improve a forward head posture among neck pain patients with straight leg raise (SLR) limitation. However, little is known about the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) after applying stretching methods to the hamstring muscle. To compare the immediate effects of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on SLR, CVA, and CROM in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness. 64 subjects were randomly allocated to the static stretching (n1= 32) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n2= 32) stretching group. The SLR test was performed to measure the hamstring muscle's flexibility and tightness between the two groups, with CROM and CVA also being measured. The paired t-test was used to compare all the variables within each group before and after the intervention. The independent t-test was used to compare the two groups before and after the stretching exercise. There were no between-group effects for any outcome variables (P> 0.05). However, all SLR, CVA, and CROM outcome variables were significantly improved within-group (P< 0.05). There were no between-group effects for any outcome variable; however, SLR, CVA, and CROM significantly improved within-group after the one-session intervention in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness.

Sub Occipital Muscle Inhibition Technique Verses Cranial Cervical Flexion Exercise for Increasing Hamstring Flexibility in Physiotherapy Students

Background: Variation in flexibility can put an unusual amount of annoyance on the framework of the musculoskeletal system. The hamstring muscles are restricted when they are short, which can interfere with everyday activities and is usually a cause for concern. The flexibility of the hamstrings increases as the suboccipital muscles' tone deteriorates,, which are is single neuronal pathway that goes through the dura mater and connects them and which is called as the superficial back line (SBL). Hence as an intervention suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and cranial cervical technique is less time and energy consuming with efficient amount of results.&#x0D; Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique verses cranial cervical technique for increasing hamstring flexibility.&#x0D; Methods: Here we will evaluate hamstring tightness and impact of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique verses cranial cervical technique as an intervention with duration of 2 weeks. As an outcome measure Sit and reach test is given to desired population .This study will be conducted in Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Sawangi, Meghe, Wardha. The duration of study will be two week. The study design is pre and post interventional study.&#x0D; Results: The data will be analysed using Student paired t test.&#x0D; Conclusion: The expected outcome includes detection of hamstring tightness and improvement in hamstring tightness using sit and reach test. Data analysis will be done using students paired t test and conclusion of the study will be published after the results are analysed.

Effectiveness of suboccipital muscle inhibition combined with interferential current in patients with chronic tension-type headache: a randomised controlled clinical trial

IntroductionManual therapy has been shown to reduce self-reported symptoms in patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). However, simultaneous application of suboccipital muscle inhibition and interferential current has not previously been investigated. This study evaluates the effectiveness of combined treatment with suboccipital muscle inhibition and interferential current compared to standard treatment for pain, disability, and headache impact in patients with CTTH. MethodsPatients were randomly allocated to receive either standard treatment (n = 13) or the experimental treatment (n = 12), consisting of 20 minutes of suboccipital muscle inhibition plus interferential current twice weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement in pain, and secondary outcomes included improvement in headache-related disability and reduction in headache impact, which were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks by a blinded rater. ResultsStatistical analysis showed improvements in the experimental treatment group at 4 weeks for headache-related disability (Neck Disability Index: Hedges’ g = 1.01, P = .001; and Headache Disability Inventory: Hedges’ g = 0.48, P = .022) and headache impact (6-item Headache Impact Test: Hedges’ g = 0.15, P = .037) but not for self-reported pain (numerical rating scale: Hedges’ g = 1.13, P = .18). ConclusionsCombined treatment with suboccipital muscle inhibition and interferential current in patients with CTTH did not significantly improve self-reported pain but did reduce disability and the impact of headache on daily life at 4 weeks. These improvements exceed the minimum clinically important difference, demonstrating the clinical relevance of our findings.

Effectiveness of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique versus Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in College Going Students

Background: Hamstring is one of the commonest muscle which often gets tight. Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique is a method of relaxing tension in four muscles located between occiput and axis which regulates the upper cervical vertebra. When the tone of suboccipital muscles falls, it has been reported that the tone of knee flexors such as hamstrings also decreases due to relaxation of myofascia. This is because hamstrings and suboccipital muscles are connected by one neural system, which passes through the duramater called the superficial back line. Muscle energy technique is a procedure that involves voluntary contraction of a patient’s muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity and has been utilized in lengthening of tight muscles. Method: The study was done after obtaining approval from ethical committee. Subjects having hamstring tightness who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from the population. 52 subjects were included and divided into two groups. The study was carried out for 5 days. Subjects in the experimental group were treated with SMIT and Subjects in control group were treated with MET. Outcome measures used were Active Knee extension test and Back Saver Sit and Reach Test. Data was analysed post treatment (Immediate effects) and at the end of 5th session using non- parametric tests at 5% level of significance. Result: Within group analysis at post treatment and at the end of 5th session showed significant improvement in both the outcome measures in experimental and control group. Between group analysis showed no significant effect post treatment whereas after 5 days significant difference was found where more improvement was found in the control group i.e. Muscle energy technique group. Conclusion: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique both were effective in improving hamstring flexibility but Muscle energy technique was found to be more effective. Keywords: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Flexibility, Active Knee Extension (AKE), Back Saver Sit and Reach Test (BSRT).

Effects of the Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique on the Range of Motion of the Ankle Joint and Balance According to Its Application Duration: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique (SMIT) on active range of motion (AROM) of the ankle joint, lunge angle (LA), and balance in healthy adults, according to the duration of its application. A total of 80 participants were randomly allocated to the 4-min suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) group (SMI_4M, n = 20), 8-min SMI group (n = 20), 4-min sham-SMI (SSMI) group (n = 20), and 8-min SSMI group (n = 20). Accordingly, the SMIT and sham SMIT were applied for 4 min or 8 min in the respective groups. AROM of dorsiflexion and LA were assessed, and a single leg balance test (SLBT) was performed before and after the intervention. AROM (4 min, p < 0.001; 8 min, p < 0.001), LA (4 min, p < 0.001; 8 min, p < 0.001), and SLBT (4 min, p < 0.001; 8 min, p < 0.001) significantly improved after SMI application. Compared with the SSMI group, the SMI group showed a significant increase in AROM (p < 0.001), LA (p < 0.001), and SLBT (p < 0.001). Except for SLBT (p = 0.016), there were no significant interactions between intervention and application duration. The results suggest that the SMIT, at durations of both 4 and 8 min, could be effective tools for improving AROM, LA, and balance.

The effect of suboccipital muscle inhibition and posture correction exercises on chronic tension-type headaches.

Compared with healthy people, patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) are likely to have forward head postures (FHP) and a higher number of active trigger points (aTrP) on the suboccipital muscle. This study aims to verify how the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) on aTrPs and the FHP correction exercise can effectively reduce symptoms of the CTTH patients. The subjects of this study were 45 individuals with CTTH, divided into three groups of 15 patients each: a) the SMI group using the myofascial release technique; b) the SMIEx group subject to both the SMI therapy and FHP correction exercises; and c) the control group. Group A and B were given the relevant interventions twice a week for four consecutive weeks, and went through the headache impact test (HIT-6) and examinations on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the headache areas, the type and number of myofascial trigger points (TrP), the soft tissue PPT, and the posture before and after the intervention. There was a significant improvement in the HIT-6, the headache PPT, the soft tissue PPT, the TrP, and the posture in Group A and B patients to whom the SMI technique and SMIEx interventions were applied. The biggest reduction and increase in the HIT-6 and the headache PPT respectively were seen in the SMIEx group. According to this study, the SMIEx can be an effective intervention for patients with CTTH.

Can Myofascial Release Techniques Reduce Stress Hormones in the Subject of Short Hamstring Syndrome? A Pilot Study

Background: The myofascial release technique is known to be an effective technique for increasing posterior fascia flexibility in short hamstring syndrome (SHS) subjects. But therapeutic mechanism of myofascial relaxation remains unclear. Recently, the theory of autonomic nervous system domination has been raised, however, a proper study to test the theory has not been conducted.Objectives: To investigate whether the application of the myofascial release technique can induce changes in the autonomic nervous system and affect the secretion of stress hormones and myofascial relaxation.Design: Quasi-experimental study.Methods: Twenty-four subjects with SHS were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique was applied to the subjects for 4 min in supine position, and in the control group, the subjects were lying in the supine position only. A forward flexion distance (FFD) was conducted, blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol levels were measured before and after the intervention and 30 min after intervention to determine myofascial relaxation and stress hormone levels. The evaluation was conducted separately in blind by an evaluator.Results: A FFD decreased in the experimental group, no change in cortisol was observed. On the contrary, a decrease in cortisol appeared in the control group after 30 minutes.Conclusion: The myofascial release technique is an effective treatment to increase the range of motion through posterior superior myofascial chain, but there is no evidence that myofascial release technique can control the autonomic nervous system.

INYBI: A New Tool for Self-Myofascial Release of the Suboccipital Muscles in Patients With Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A randomized, single-blinded (the outcome assessor was unaware of participants' allocation group) controlled clinical trial. To investigate the effects of myofascial release therapy (MRT) over the suboccipital muscles, compared with self-MRT using a novel device, the INYBI tool, on pain-related outcomes, active cervical mobility, and vertical mouth opening, in adults with chronic non-specific neck pain (NSNP). MRT is used to manage chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, with purported positive effects. The efficacy of self-MRT, compared with MRT, has been scarcely evaluated. Fifty-eight participants (mean age of 34.6 ± 4.7 yrs; range 21-40 yrs; 77.6% females, 22.4% males) with persistent NSNP agreed to participate, and were equally distributed into an INYBI (n = 29) or a control group (n = 29). Both groups underwent a single 5-minutes intervention session. For participants in the control group, MRT of the suboccipital muscles was performed using the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique, while those in the INYBI group underwent a self-MRT intervention using the INYBI device. Primary measurements were taken of pain intensity (visual analogue scale), local pressure pain sensitivity, as assessed with an algometer, and active cervical range-of-movement. Secondary outcomes included pain-free vertical mouth opening. Outcomes were collected at baseline, immediately after intervention and 45 minutes later. The analysis of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated no significant between-groups effect for any variable (all, P > 0.05). In the within-groups comparison, all participants significantly improved pain-related outcomes, and showed similar positive changes for mouth opening. Cervical range-of-movement- mainly increased after intervention for participants in the control group. Both, MRT and self-MRT using the INYBI, are equally effective to enhance self-reported pain intensity, and local pressure pain sensitivity in chronic NSNP patients. For cervical mobility, MRT appears to be slighlty superior, compared with the INYBI, to achieve improvements in this population. 2.

Efectividad de la inhibición suboccipital combinada con corriente interferencial en pacientes con cefalea tensional crónica: un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado

IntroductionManual therapy has been shown to reduce self-reported symptoms in patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). However, simultaneous application of suboccipital muscle inhibition and interferential current has not previously been investigated. This study evaluates the effectiveness of combined treatment with suboccipital muscle inhibition and interferential current compared to standard treatment for pain, disability, and headache impact in patients with CTTH. MethodsPatients were randomly allocated to receive either standard treatment (n = 13) or the experimental treatment (n = 12), consisting of 20 minutes of suboccipital muscle inhibition plus interferential current twice weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement in pain, and secondary outcomes included improvement in headache-related disability and reduction in headache impact, which were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks by a blinded rater. ResultsStatistical analysis showed improvements in the experimental treatment group at 4 weeks for headache-related disability (Neck Disability Index: Hedges’ g = 1.01, P = .001; and Headache Disability Inventory: Hedges’ g = 0.48, P = .022) and headache impact (6-item Headache Impact Test: Hedges’ g = 0.15, P = .037) but not for self-reported pain (numerical rating scale: Hedges’ g = 1.13, P = .18). ConclusionsCombined treatment with suboccipital muscle inhibition and interferential current in patients with CTTH did not significantly improve self-reported pain but did reduce disability and the impact of headache on daily life at 4 weeks. These improvements exceed the minimum clinically important difference, demonstrating the clinical relevance of our findings.

A Study to Compare Immediate Effect of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Collegiate Subjects – An Interventional Study

INTRODUCTION: Hamstring is one of the commonest muscles that often get tight. The suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique is a manual technique that aims to relax the tension in the suboccipital muscles by decreasing the myofascial restriction in the suboccipital region. Muscle energy technique (MET) is a procedure that involves voluntary contraction of a patient’s muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity and against a distinctly executed therapist applied counterforce. AIM: Aim of the study is to compare immediate effect of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and muscle energy technique on hamstring flexibility in healthy collegiate subjects. METHOD: Total 40 subjects with hamstring tightness (both male and female) (age:18-26 years) were selected for study. Group A: Suboccipital muscle inhibition(SMI) technique. Group B: Muscle energy technique(MET) OUTCOME MEASURE: Active knee extension test(AKET). RESULTS: Results have shown significant difference between pre &amp; post measurements in both the groups and no significant difference was found between the groups. CONCLUSION: Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique (SMI) and Muscle Energy Technique (MET) are equally effective in improving hamstring flexibility in healthy collegiate subjects.

To study the effect of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition and Neural Flossing Techniques on Hamstring Flexibility in Young Adults

To study the effect of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition and Neural Flossing Techniques on Hamstring Flexibility in Young Adults