Submachine Gun Research Articles

Numerical Simulation of “Submachinegun - Grenade Launcher” Dynamic System

In modern small arms, one of the most important technical characteristics is the survivability of barrel, which greatly affects the competitiveness of the product on the market. The task of increasing the survivability of the barrel of automatic small arms has not yet lost its relevance. Based on the modern nature of combat and the multitasking of combat operations, complexes of manual automatic weapons with the use of various external devices, such as sighting devices of various designs, under-barrel grenade launchers, low-noise shooting devices, etc., are currently being developed on the basis of a single reference sample. When designing new samples, several approximated mathematical models are currently used, that do not take into account the impact of external devices on the dynamic and oscillatory processes occurring during firing from modern hand-held automatic weapons. This article describes a physical and mathematical model of the dynamic interaction of an under-barrel grenade launcher and small arms (submachine gun), demonstrates a computational mathematical model for different types and methods of securing a device such as an under-barrel grenade launcher. The optimal computational model is revealed, allowing to describe the dynamic process of interaction of the system elements in the numerical simulation of the shot. Advantages and disadvantages have been identified, on the basis of which the goals and objectives of further work have been determined, consisting in studying the influence of external devices on the parameters of the barrel of automatic small arms, in order to improve the operational, tactical and technical characteristics of automatic small arms systems based on the development of a numerical and analytical approach, and a modular mathematical model of automatic small arms weapons.

STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED AND UNREINFORCED BARRELS USED IN SMALL ARMS OF SELECTED CALIBERS. PART II - STRENGTH CALCULATIONS OF UNREINFORCED BARRELS

The aim of this work was to design a sports submachine gun based on a review of current design solutions used in this type of weapon and to create preliminary technical assumptions. The scope of work included the selection of a cartridge for the submachine gun, the selection of the barrel length, the calculation of the outer diameter of the barrel, the selection of the mass of the bolt and the return spring as well as the calculation of the bolt kinematics, the creation of a functional model using the additive technique, checking the correct operation of the weapon's mechanisms and indicating possible design improvements. Part II includes Strength calculations of unreinforced barrels for all tested barrels.Keywords: Heydenreich method, internal ballistics, reinforced barrel, durability, simulationAbstract: The aim of this work was to design a sports submachine gun based on a review of current design solutions used in this type of weapon and to create preliminary technical assumptions. The scope of work included the selection of a cartridge for the submachine gun, the selection of the barrel length, the calculation of the outer diameter of the barrel, the selection of the mass of the bolt and the return spring as well as the calculation of the bolt kinematics, the creation of a functional model using the additive technique, checking the correct operation of the weapon's mechanisms and indicating possible design improvements. Part II includes Strength calculations of unreinforced barrels for all tested barrels.Keywords: Heydenreich method, internal ballistics, reinforced barrel, durability, simulationThe aim of this work was to design a sports submachine gun based on a review of current design solutions used in this type of weapon and to create preliminary technical assump-tions. The scope of work included the selec-tion of a cartridge for the submachine gun, the selection of the barrel length, the calcula-tion of the outer diameter of the barrel, the selection of the mass of the bolt and the re-turn spring as well as the calculation of the bolt kinematics, the creation of a functional model using the additive technique, checking the correct operation of the weapon's mecha-nisms and indicating possible design im-provements. Part II includes Strength calcula-tions of unreinforced barrels for all tested barrels.

DESIGN OF A SPORTS SUBMACHINE GUN MPM 9 „BOHR”. PART II – BASIC CONSTRUCTION CALCULATIONS

The aim of this work was to design a sports submachine gun based on a review of current design solutions used in this type of weapon and to create preliminary technical assumptions. The scope of work included the selection of a cartridge for the submachine gun, the selection of the barrel length, the calculation of the outer diameter of the barrel, the selection of the mass of the bolt and the return spring as well as the calculation of the bolt kinematics, and the preparation of a functional model using the additive technique, checking the correct operation of the weapon's mechanisms and indicating possible design improvements. Part II presented the basic design calculations of the MPM 9 "Bohr" submachine gun.

The Owen Gun: Notes on Development & Evolution

This article examines the technical aspects of the controversial developmental history of the Owen sub-machine gun. The history of the gun’s development has been both politicised and mythologised, with the result that relatively little objective analysis of the design process has been undertaken. The author’s examination of documents (including patents, manufacturing data, official documents, and personal letters) and the weapons themselves provides an alternative perspective to these widely disseminated views. This article also addresses the problematic nature of statements made by the gun’s designers and promoters, which are at variance with other information and yet have largely been accepted uncritically in firearms literature. It also seeks to determine, where possible, which elements of the gun were the work of its nominal designer, Evelyn Owen, and which were likely the work of his various collaborators. The role of the Australian Army in the design is also examined in the hope of correcting misconceptions.

CYBER TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS AND METHODS OF ENSURING CYBERSECURITY

The article examines the problems of cybersecurity of the state. As you know, the number and scale of international conflicts have increased recently. The methods of conducting armed conflicts have also changed. More and more people began to move from conventional military clashes to information wars and cyber wars. Over time, technological progress has led to the emergence of new arenas for conflicts between countries and factions. Cyberwar has become one of these arenas, where the main weapons are not missiles and submachine guns, but computer codes and supercomputers. This article reveals the role of cyber technologies in modern international conflicts and presents what threats and opportunities they provide on the battlefield.

Research and implementation of virtual reality technology to build 3D application that simulates the disassembly and assembly of equipment and weapons (DASim)

Disassembly and assembly of equipment and weapons (E&W) is a regular work of great importance in the military. Implementing the right procedures and quickly will help increase efficiency and ensure the safety for the citizens and weapons. However, the training and training of cadres, technical staff, trainees and soldiers to master the skills of disassembling equipment and weapons takes a lot of time and resources, and there are also many risks in the practice process. Virtual reality (VR) application is a time-saving and effective solution for training knowledge and training weapons disassembly skills, not only allowing users to interact with a virtual environment like reality, but also minimize potential risks in the process of practicing with real equipment and weapons, without mastering the process of disassembly and maintenance.
 In this paper, the research team will present the approach, build an algorithm and design a software program to simulate the disassembly of weapons equipment using 3D virtual reality technology. The software consists of three main modules: theory, practice, testing, helping officials, technical staff, trainees, and soldiers to master knowledge from theory to practice process, forming skills before operating directly on real weapons. The study concretizes through the example of establishing the content of the structure, disassembly process and practice of disassembling AK submachine guns, 7.62 mm PKMS. In addition, the paper will also evaluate the effectiveness of the use of VR in training and training personnel to disassemble and assemble weapons.

Testing Teaching, Training Methods and Differentiation in the Module: “Infantry Combat Techniques and Tactics” at VNU National Defense and Security Training Center

From the detailed outline and specific characteristics of the module "Infantry and Tactical Combat Techniques", the author of the article has researched, selected and tested the application of appropriate practical teaching methods, including: teaching methods, practice and differentiation. Through testing and analyzing the learning results of students in the experimental group, it shows that the teaching method of practice and differentiation proposed by the author has had positive and effective effects, helping students to quickly grasp specific and accurate operations (Knowing how to perform well the key areas, basic movements and principles when using grenades, AK submachine guns ensure accuracy, safety and effectiveness). Effective; can train students in posture, mature and serious manners, sense of discipline, health and bravery in combat; Mastering skills and fighting movements in each situation in particular, at the same time training the ability to endure difficulties in a military environment,…). The research results of the article are the basis for searching and applying teaching and learning methods to improve the teaching and learning quality of infantry and tactical combat techniques in schools. university.

Modelling and Testing the Dynamic Properties in a Submachine Gun-Man System

This work was an attempt at an analysis of the interaction between a firearm and a human, exemplified by a cal. 9 mm submachine gun (SMG), PM-98 GLAUBERYT and a trained, professional shooter - a Police special team operator. The results of the analysis made it possible to develop several guidelines aimed at designing the dynamic performance of SMGs to improve their aiming accuracy. In connection with this work, experimental tests were performed at a firing range, where the process of firearm discharge was recorded using a Phantom slow-motion digital camera. What followed was the analysis of the video record using the Tema dedicated computer software. The SMG’s dynamic performance was adjusted to reduce the hit scatter. Based on the results of the empirical tests at the firing range, physical and mathematical models of the SMG-operator system were formulated. The SMG-operator system was simulated in the Scilab software, which provided time-based variation trends of the kinematic quantities that characterised the movements of individual modelled objects. The variation trends determined included displacement, velocity and acceleration of the SMG, its bolt assembly, and the human operator as a function of time. The results of the theoretical analysis were compared to the empirical test results from the firing range. It was found that in the virtual modelling space, the SMG model had a performance similar to that of its real counterpart. With the theoretical model verified, several performance parameters of the SMG were modified and guidelines were developed that could improve the aim.

Slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) for use in ballistic and fire protection of military structures

The materials used for the architectural shielding of civil structures must protect against impacts, explosions, and fire. However, Portland cement-based concrete (OPC) degrades when exposed to high temperatures. These requirements and the limitations of OPC promotes research on alternative concretes for ballistic and fire protection uses. Therefore, this research analyzes the potential application of slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) in constructing structures resistant to both fire and ballistic impacts. The SIFCON is based on the alkaline activation of ceramic waste (Ce) with the incorporation of short steel fibers (38 mm). Ballistic tests were conducted using 9 mm caliber ammunition with two types of weapons: the CZ 10P pistol (5 impacts) and the Beretta CX4 submachine gun (1 burst of 3 impacts). The results indicate that SIFCON-Ce exhibits greater thermal stability and fire resistance compared to SIFCON-OPC. Specifically, the residual flexural strength at 900 °C was 75.1 % for SIFCON-Ce and 46.1 % for SIFCON-OPC. Additionally, the inclusion of steel fibers enhanced the material's ability to resist impacts (9 mm caliber) generated by the CZ 10P pistol and Beretta CX4 submachine gun, leading to the classification of SIFCON as a suitable material for architectural armor, with protection levels of type II-A and III-A according to the NIJ 0108.01 standard.

The Lightning Gun: How the Blyskawica Submachine Gun Revolutionized Warfare

This article explores how the impact of the Blyskawica submachine gun on the military world. Developed by the polish resistance during World War II, the weapon was a technological innovation that had a significant impact on firearms and military tactics. Its unique design and sound had a powerful psychological impact on its users and enemies, boosting morale and instilling fear in equal measure. The weapon’s lightweight design and short barrel made it effective in close-quarter combat, while its ability to suppress enemy fire helped to shape the development of military tactics. The Blyskawica submachine gun became a symbol of resistance and freedom, playing a significant role in boosting the morale of the Polish people during the war. This weapon also stacks up pretty well to some of the biggest names in the submachine gun world in the World War II era.

Hugo Schmeisser's Bergmann Sub-machine Guns: M.P.18,I to M.P.18,IV & the SIG Bergmann M.P.

In this article, the author examines previous attempts at explaining the unusual nomenclature of the famous German Bergmann M.P.18,I sub-machine gun and its variants, designed by Hugo Schmeisser during and shortly after the First World War. Based on a re-examination of the single known example of the M.P.18,III, the author offers his own theories as to the origin of the nomenclature, suggesting that the model name originates with the designer and/or manufacturer, rather than the military. The various estimates of the exact production numbers of these weapons are also considered, and these are compared with the author’s own serial number database. The available serial numbers suggest that, not only were more guns produced than commonly thought, there were possibly additional examples manufactured for end users other than the German military.

American ‘Gangster Gats’: Illicit Automatic Conversions of the Winchester Model 07 Self-loading Rifle in the 1930s

In the 1930s, one or several ‘gangland armourers’ converted Winchester Model 07 semi-automatic rifles into automatic carbines or sub-machine guns. The former used the original .351 Winchester cartridge, extended box magazines, and commercial compensators; whilst the latter made use of the 9 × 19 mm Parabellum cartridge, modified Luger T.M.08 drum magazines, and commercial sound suppressors. These converted automatic firearms were seized from several gangs and individual armed robbers in the United States throughout the decade. The author illuminates the history of these unusual gangland weapons by tracing the technical aspects of the conversions, their origins, and their criminal use and seizure by law enforcement agencies.

“Greasy Thumb”—The Man Who Made the Chicago Mob

“Greasy Thumb”—The Man Who Made the Chicago Mob

A History of the Beretta Model 1918 Moschetto Automatico

This article aims to give an overview of the history of the Moschetto Automatico Revelli–Beretta (or Beretta Model 1918), an Italian self-loading carbine chambered for the 9 × 19 mm Glisenti cartridge. The author traces the developmental history of this weapon, from its conceptual forebears to its evolution from the twin- barrelled ‘Villar Perosa’ 9 mm machine gun. The adoption and service record of the Revelli–Beretta in the Italian Army is thereafter examined, following the path toward the weapon’s gradual obsolescence, and subsequent brief revival in the form of the improved Beretta Model 1918–1930 carbine. Finally, the use of the Revelli–Beretta outside of Italy is documented, and the weapon’s influence on arms design and its ties to the broader development of sub-machine guns in the interwar period is examined.

The Diaries of Judith Malina, 1958–1971 (Excerpt)

The Diaries of Judith Malina, 1958–1971 (Excerpt)

The Tommy Gun in Jungle Warfare

Abstract Australian soldiers fighting on the Kokoda Trail in New Guinea in 1942 found the Thompson submachine gun to be indispensable. Lessons derived from this battle shaped Australian jungle warfare doctrine. Australian historians acknowledge the tactical use of submachine guns in this battle, which was one of the first in Southwest Pacific Area, but have somewhat overlooked the “Tommy” gun. The emphasis has instead been given to another submachine gun, the Australian-designed Owen gun, which came slightly later. This article examines the use and usefulness of the Tommy gun for Australian soldiers on the Kokoda Trail. It establishes that this gun was tactically and comparatively more important than has been presumed. The manner in which soldiers embraced and utilized the Thompson gun was important for their tactical adaptation to jungle warfare and the defeat of the Japanese.

Scientists Under Surveillance: The FBI Files—edited by JPat Brown, B. C. D. Lipton, and Michael Morisy (Cambridge, MA, USA: The MIT Press, 2019, 413 + xix pp.)

<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">The volume under</b> review is a selection of declassified FBI documents, reproduced in facsimile, from the Cold War era files of 16 people (15 men and one woman) described as scientists. The editors do not explain their criteria for the choice of subjects. One, Mikhail Kalashnikov, was a Russian soldier who invented a durable automatic assault rifle, the popular AK-47. It is a stretch to call that science. Moreover, Kalashnikov never set foot in the United States. (A recently erected monument to him in Moscow had to be fixed since it showed him toting a German submachine gun. At least there was no mob, yanking it off its pedestal amidst howls denouncing Mikhail Timofeyevich’s “white privilege” or “toxic masculinity.”) Isaac Asimov had a degree in science (he and my mother were classmates at Brooklyn College) and was a professor of biochemistry but is famous as a popular writer of science fiction and books on science for the layman. Alfred Kinsey was an enthusiastic, hands-on researcher of male sexuality: more a sociologist than a hard scientist, perhaps. Timothy Leary did scientific research but is better known as an apostle of the counterculture whose invitation to take LSD, “turn on, tune in, and drop out” some of you may remember. Though they say that if you remember the 1960s you were not there. The book, the editors note, is a companion volume to a similar assemblage of FBI files on famous writers that they published with the same MIT series.

Effect of Some Structural Parameters on Firing Stability of Shooter-Weapon System

This article presents a method to establish the dynamic model of the Shooter-weapon system when firing based on Lagrange’s theorem and the theory of multibody system dynamics, in which the influence of the human body was taken into account. In the dynamic model, the influence of the gunner is solved by using elastic-damping links in the x, y and z axes. The dynamic model is created for a portable gas-operated submachine gun and contains three solids with seven degrees of freedom. The 7.62 mm AKM submachine gun has been used for the model simulation and experimental verification. The dynamic simulation was conducted and then the results were compared with the corresponding experimental data. The model simulation results are very close to the experimental results. This study aims to survey the influence of various parameters on gun stability in the shooting. It is possible to apply these results to portable automatic guns.

Effect of Some Structural Parameters on Firing Stability of Shooter-Weapon System

This article presents a method to establish the dynamic model of the Shooter-weapon system when firing based on Lagrange’s theorem and the theory of multibody system dynamics, in which the influence of the human body was taken into account. In the dynamic model, the influence of the gunner is solved by using elastic-damping links in the x, y and z axes. The dynamic model is created for a portable gas-operated submachine gun and contains three solids with seven degrees of freedom. The 7.62 mm AKM submachine gun has been used for the model simulation and experimental verification. The dynamic simulation was conducted and then the results were compared with the corresponding experimental data. The model simulation results are very close to the experimental results. This study aims to survey the influence of various parameters on gun stability in the shooting. It is possible to apply these results to portable automatic guns.

Criminal-Legal and Penal Enforcement Regulation of the Use of Firearms by Employees of the Penitentiary System of Russia

Introduction: the paper investigates criminal and penal enforcement inconsistencies in the legislative regulation on the use of firearms by the staff of the penal system in their official activities. Legal details consist in the fact that we put forward scientifically substantiated proposals to reform criminal-legal and penal enforcement aspects associated with the use of firearms by employees (guns, submachine guns, rifles, which are operated by the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia). We analyze Article 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes relevant security measures. We also consider the practice of foreign countries related to this problem. Aim: to investigate the criminal-legal and penal enforcement aspects related to the use of firearms by staff of the penal system for example, in relation to convicts. Methods: we use dialectical method as methodological and theoretical basis for the study, and deductive method to analyze the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation regarding the use of firearms. We also use systematized methods to study articles of the Criminal Code and the Penal Enforcement Code. They help to classify the legal facts that establish the legal right of staff to use firearms. We use empirical methods of mastering in order to improve penal officers’ performance in the use of firearms. The article presents the results of a survey of 318 employees. Results: we have investigated the essence of criminal-legal relations in terms of the use of firearms by employees of the penal system; we have also studied the practice of implementing the norms concerning the use of firearms by law enforcement officers; we propose a theoretical model for improving criminal legislation related to the use of firearms In addition, we provide scientifically substantiated ideas and empirical studies aimed at improving criminal and penal enforcement legislation on the use of firearms. Research findings of our paper include new ideas concerning the use of firearms within the boundaries of criminal and penal enforcement legislation (we suggest that the foundations associated with the use of firearms should be contained in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Key words: criminal legislation; penal enforcement legislation; use of firearms; legal facts; legal relations; security measures; Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; penal enforcement system.