Subjective Well-being In Patients Research Articles

Patients' subjective well-being: Determinants and its usage as a metric of healthcare service quality.

It is commonly suggested that patients' subjective well-being (SWB) can be affected by pre-treatment conditions and treatment experiences, and hence SWB can be used to measure and improve healthcare quality. With data collected in a hospital in the UK (N = 446), we investigated the determinants of patients' SWB and evaluated its use in healthcare research. Our findings showed strong relationships between pre-treatment conditions and patients' SWB: anxiety and depression negatively predicted SWB across all three domains, mobility positively predicted the life satisfaction and happiness domains, while the ability to self care and pain and discomfort also predicted SWB in some domains. In contrast, patients' satisfaction with the treatment only played minor roles in determining SWB, much less so the characteristics of their nurses. The general lack of associations between treatment experiences and patient's SWB highlighted the challenges of using SWB to measure healthcare quality and inform policy making.

Collating the voice of people with autoimmune diseases: Methodology for the Third Phase of the COVAD Studies.

The growing recognition of holistic patient care highlights the various factors shaping the quality of life of individuals with autoimmune and rheumatic diseases (AIRDs). Beyond the traditional disease measures, there is an emerging acknowledgment of the less-explored aspects, including subjective well-being, social determinants of health, comorbidities, mental health, and medication adherence. Moreover, digital health services have empowered patients to engage actively in decision-making alongside clinicians. To explore these domains within the context of AIRDs, the "Collating the Voice of People with Autoimmune Diseases" COVAD survey was conceived, a successor of the previous two COVAD surveys. In this document, we present the study protocol in comprehensive detail. The COVAD-3 survey is a cross-sectional patient self-reported e-survey incorporating multiple widely accepted scales/scores to assess various aspects of patients' lifestyles objectively. To ensure the survey's accuracy and usability across diverse regions, it will be translated into multiple languages and subjected to rigorous vetting and pilot testing. It will be distributed by collaborators via online platforms and data will be collected from patients with AIRDs, and healthy individuals over eight months. Data analysis will focus on outcome measures related to various social, demographic, economic, and psychological factors. With the increasing awareness to adopt a holistic treatment approach encompassing all avenues of life, the COVAD-3 survey aims to gain valuable insights into the impact of social, demographic, economic, and psychological determinants of health on the subjective well-being in patients with AIRDs, which will contribute to a better understanding of their overall health and well-being.

Effect of family resilience on subjective well-being in patients with advanced cancer: the chain mediating role of perceived social support and psychological resilience.

Domestic and international research has found that patients with advanced cancer prioritize increasing their quality of life above extending their lives with simple or intensive treatments. The current study investigates the pathways to improve patients' sense of well-being from the family, social, and individual levels, that is to say, it investigates the mediating roles of comprehending social support as well as psychological resilience in the relationship between family resilience and subjective well-being, and it also provides references for future intervention. The Family Resilience Questionnaire (FRQ), General Well-being Schedule (GWB), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Chinese version of the Cornor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10-item (CD-RISC) were all completed by 338 patients with advanced cancer who took part in the study. The study's findings demonstrated a significant and positive correlation between family resilience, subjective well-being, perceived social support, and psychological resilience. Additionally, there was a significant direct effect of family resilience on subjective well-being as well as a mediating and chain mediating effect between perceived social support and psychological resilience. The findings of this study will be very helpful in the future when it comes to enhancing the quality of life for patients with advanced cancer through intervention. Subjective well-being can be influenced directly by the family resilience of advanced cancer patients, or indirectly through the psychological resilience and perceived social support.

Investigating Gender Disparities in the Relationships between Psychological Hardiness and Subjective Well-being in Cardiac Patients: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Background: Health psychologists are constructively playing their role to help us know the causes of psychobiological disorders that affect human physical and psychological health Objective: The existing study was designed to investigate the gender differences among cardiac patients in terms of psychological hardiness, subjective well-being, and resilience in cardiac patients. Methods: Gender differences among cardiac patients were investigated using a cross-sectional study approach. The research comprised 75 cardiac patients (43 male and 32 female) ranging in age from 27 + to 65 years. Participants were briefed about the significance of the research, informed consent was obtained, and data were collected using valid, indigenously translated research instruments. Patient anonymity was maintained, and responses were evaluated using SPSS-23 and AMOS-20 statistical tools. Results: Results from the independent sample t-test revealed that male cardiac patients exhibited a significantly higher level of psychological hardiness (t=4.46, p<.05) and resilience (t=7.51, p<.05) compared to their female counterparts. However, the study found no statistically significant gender differences in subjective well-being. (t=.08, p>.05). Moreover, path analysis was conducted through structure equational modelling, unveiled that resilience played a significant role in the connection between psychological hardiness and subjective well-being in the patients (χ2=1.82, p<.05, RMSEA=.07, RMR=.20, CFI=.97, GFI=.98, and TLI=.93). The determined value of chi-square (χ2/pdf) 1.82 is acceptable for model fit indexes parameters. The multiple linear regression analysis findings revealed that resilience and psychological hardiness were significant (p<.05) predictors of subjective well-being in cardiac patients. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the vital role of psychological hardiness in cardiac patients' lives, showcasing its adaptive function. The study's findings will contribute to the existing literature, providing valuable guidance for medical professionals, health/clinical psychologists, and the families of patients. This information aims to enhance rehabilitation strategies and promote improved well-being for individuals with cardiac patients.

Patho-specific assessment of the quality of life using the ASTA protocol after radiofrequency ablation for atrial tachyarrhythmias

Atrial tachyarrhythmias cause highly symptomatic conditions and have a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life (QoL). In the management of such patients, it is particularly important to consider not only objective indicators, but also the subjective well-being of patients and their everyday life. The patho-specific questionnaire for assessing the QoL is the ASTA symptom scale. The aim of the work was to conduct a patho-specific assessment of the QoL using the ASTA protocol after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial tachyarrhythmias on the example of performed cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) RFA among patients with typical atrial flutter. Materials and methods. In total, 135 patients from the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery were asked to complete the ASTA questionnaire before CTI RFA and during two follow-up visits in the period from 2014 to 2021. To assess the patients’ QoL, a statistical analysis was performed in accordance with the 6th part of chapters 2 and 3. Results. When analyzing complaints, statistically significant changes were found in all aspects compared to the initial state (p < 0.05). The most noticeable changes were related to the anxiety level and heart failure manifestations, in particular, dyspnea on exertion and at rest, weakness and exhaustion (p < 0.0001). The least but also statistically significant changes were associated with comorbid pathologies. Analyzing the third chapter, positive statistically significant dynamics were observed in all characteristics during the control period. After RFA, the patients reported improvements in their QoL, decreased level of depression and restored physical activity (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant improvement in social life, as there were no more restrictions in spending time with relatives and friends (p < 0.0001). In addition, there was an improvement in the ability to concentrate and in the working capacity (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly affect the QoL of patients, including their emotional, physical state and social integration, worsening the daily lives of the study participants.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Bifrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Craving in Alcohol Use Disorder

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential neuromodulation option for the management of cravings in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of tDCS in the management of craving for alcohol and to measure the change in subjective well-being in patients with AUD following tDCS intervention. Methods: Patients with AUD aged between 18 and 60 years were randomly assigned to active tDCS intervention and sham tDCS intervention groups, each consisting of 17 patients. Over the course of a week, five tDCS sessions were given, with the anode positioned on the scalp over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) area, the cathode over the left DLPFC area, and a 2 mA current. After every session, a tDCS side effects checklist was used. Follow-up assessments were conducted at week 1, week 4, and week 8 of the recruitment using the alcohol urge questionnaire (AUQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Results: A significantly greater reduction in AUQ scores was present in the active tDCS intervention group compared to the sham tDCS intervention at week 1 and week 4, but the difference was not significant at the end of 8 weeks. A significant improvement in WHO-5 scores was found in both groups; however, the difference between the groups was not significant at follow-ups. The side effects observed were mild to moderate in intensity, were short-lived, and did not require any active management. Conclusions: The tDCS may be useful in the acute reduction of craving in AUD. It is a safe and well-tolerated intervention modality.

Study on anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing of patients with bladder cancer in their different chemotherapy stages.

This study aims to explore the changes in anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing in patients with bladder perfusion during different stages of their chemotherapy, and analyze the correlation among their anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing. A total of 174 patients with bladder cancer who received bladder perfusion chemotherapy were selected. The questionnaire survey was conducted with SAS, SDS, and GWB. The patients were surveyed and the data were analyzed. The results of patients' anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing show a dynamic change trend. The change is most obvious after 1 month of chemotherapy and tends to be flat after 3 months of chemotherapy. The scores of anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing in patients with bladder perfusion at different stages are statistically significant (P < 0.05). There is a negative correlation among anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing in patients (r = -0.605, 0.601). Patients' emotions change obviously in the first 3 months of their chemotherapy. Clinical workers can take active intervention measures in this period, guide patients to relieve their anxiety and depression, increase their subjective wellbeing level, and improve their quality of life, which is helpful to ensure the successful completion of chemotherapy.

Influence of social support on subjective well-being of patients with chronic diseases in China: chain-mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress.

The well-being of patients with chronic diseases is an issue of widespread concern in public health. While social support is thought to have a positive effect on it, the mechanisms of its influence have not been fully addressed. Thus, we explored the possible mediating effects of self-efficacy and perceived stress to determine the relationship between social support and well-being in these patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4,657 patients with chronic diseases in China. The PROCESS Macro model 6 of SPSS was employed to explore the intermediary role between variables. Self-efficacy and perceived stress played a partial intermediary role between social support and subjective well-being, with an effect ratio of 48.25% and 23.61%, respectively. Self-efficacy and perceived stress had a chain intermediary effect (28.14%) between social support and subjective well-being. This study suggested that improving the self-efficacy of patients with chronic diseases to cope with the changes in social support caused by the disease could reduce stress and enhance subjective well-being.

Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group Registry (CSTAR) XIV: the subjective well-being of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can significantly influence patients’ quality of life and subjective well-being (SWB), but the relationships between clinical characteristics, SWB, and related psychological factors have been little studied.ObjectiveTo measure SWB in patients with SLE and examine how major clinical determinants, emotional variables, and related positive factors affect SWB.MethodsOverall, 1,110 patients with SLE from the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) and 198 age and gender-matched individuals from the general population without self-reported SLE were invited to complete questionnaires of SWB evaluated by the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), emotional variables assessed by the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and related positive factors assessed by the self-esteem scale (SES), general self-efficacy scale (GESE), and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). The multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between clinical manifestations and SWB.ResultsLife satisfaction was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in patients with SLE than in the general population. Active skin involvement (OR = 0.923, 95% CI = 0.868–0.981, p < 0.05) was negatively associated with life satisfaction scores, and age at enrollment (OR = 1.160, 95% CI = 1.092–1.230, p < 0.001) were positively associated with life satisfaction scores in the multivariate regression model. The cumulative organ damage was significantly associated with depression (OR = 1.085, 95% CI = 1.022–1.153, p < 0.01) and the loss of self-esteem (OR = 1.067, 95% CI = 1.004–1.133, p < 0.05).ConclusionSWB provides useful insight into the impact of SLE on psychological health and opportunities to improve quality of life and clinical care.

Effects of Changes in Seasonal Weather Patterns on the Subjective Well-Being in Patients with CAD Enrolled in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Objective: We examined whether seasonal and monthly variations exist in the subjective well-being of weather-sensitive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) during cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 865 patients (30% female, age 60 ± 9) were recruited within 2–3 weeks of treatment for acute coronary syndrome and during cardiac rehabilitation. The patients completed the Palanga self-assessment diary for weather sensitivity (PSAD-WS) daily, for an average of 15.5 days. PSAD-WS is an 11-item (general) three-factor (psychological, cardiac, and physical symptoms) questionnaire used to assess weather sensitivity in CAD patients. Weather data were recorded using the weather station “Vantage Pro2 Plus”. Continuous data were recorded eight times each day for the weather parameters and the averages of the data were linked to the respondents’ same-day diary results. Results: Weather-sensitive (WS) patients were found to be more sensitive to seasonal changes than patients who were not WS, and they were more likely to experience psychological symptoms. August (summer), December (winter), and March (spring) had the highest numbers of cardiac symptoms (all p < 0.001). In summary, peaks of symptoms appeared more frequently during the transition from one season to the next. Conclusion: This study extends the knowledge about the impact of atmospheric variables on the general well-being of weather-sensitive CAD patients during cardiac rehabilitation.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ В ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ ПРИ НАРУШЕНИЯХ ФУНКЦИИ ПЕЧЕНИ

Introduction. The nonspecificity of the clinical manifestations of the initial stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - the stage of steatosis, is the reason for the untimely correction and progression of this disease. Aim. The aim of the study was to conduct a randomized open comparative study to determine the effectiveness of the use of the food supplement FanDetox as a source of organic compounds in liver function disorders. Material and methods. This study was a single-center randomized open one and included the study of the possibility of using the herbal product FanDetox in the complex therapy of NAFLD in patients aged 18 to 75 years with a verified diagnosis of obesity and the presence of signs of steatohepatosis, against the background of basic therapy with Carsil Forte. The study was conducted with the involvement of 68 people matched by sex and age, 34 of whom made up the main observation group, whose participants took the study product 1 sachet 2 times a day after meals, in the form of a suspension obtained after mixing the powder in 100 ml of water. The rest 34 patients made up the comparison group. Carsil Forte was chosen as a background drug for both groups. The duration of therapy for each study participant was 3 months. The follow-up process included patient visits with a detailed medical history, therapeutic examination, and laboratory and instrumental examinations. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results and discussion. As a result, an improvement in the subjective well-being of patients, a decrease in the echoscopic manifestations of fatty hepatosis, a decrease in the longitudinal size of the liver, a decrease in the manifestations of the cytolysis syndrome and bilirubin levels, as well as a significant positive dynamics of the lipid spectrum in the blood of patients who received complex therapy, including the use of the FanDetox biologically active additive, compared with the comparison group undergoing therapy with the background drug Carsil Forte, were shown. Conclusion. It has been established that taking the food supplement FanDetox helps to reduce the manifestations of fatty hepatosis, reduce the longitudinal size of the liver, blood biochemistry indicators and the general well-being of patients.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease in China.

PurposeThis study aimed to comprehensively evaluate Chinese coronary heart disease (CHD) patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using various measures and explore influencing factors associated with HRQoL.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2019 in the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. A convenience sampling framework was used to successively recruit 316 inpatients with CHD. Two generic preference-based instruments (EQ-5D-5L and 15D), a disease-specific instrument (Seattle Angina Questionnaire, SAQ), and the WHO-5 well-being index (WHO-5) were administered. Tobit regression model and multiple linear regression were used for data analyses.ResultsA total of 305 patients (mean age was 62.9) with CHD participated in this study. The mean health state utility (HSU) scores of EQ-5D-5L and 15D were 0.85 (SD=0.14) and 0.89 (SD=0.07), respectively. For EQ-5D-5L, pain/discomfort was the most frequently reported, followed by anxiety/depression. As for 15D, discomfort and symptoms was the most severely impaired dimension. For SAQ, more limitations were found in the domains of angina stability and disease perception. For WHO-5, the mean score was 16.93. Marital status, disease state and comorbidity were influencing factors associated with HRQoL, patient’s subjective well-being had a positive impact on HRQoL.ConclusionTo improve the HRQoL of CHD patients in China, more attention needs to be paid to unmarried and relapsed patients, especially those with comorbidity of hypertension. Additionally, more social support and psychological counseling should be provided to patients.

Discordance in prognostic ability between physician assessed NYHA classification and self-reported health status in patients with acute heart failure

Abstract Background Especially in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) the NYHA classification remains of uncertain representation of patients' actual health state. Alternatively, patient's subjective well-being, in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQL), showed to have an excellent prognostic ability in out clinic patients with chronic heart failure. Objectives It is unknown whether HRQL instruments can assess a more reliable prognostication in patients hospitalized due to AHF than the NYHA classification. Methods Goal Directed Afterload Reduction in Acute Congestive Cardiac Decompensation Study (GALACTIC) was a multicenter, randomized, open-label blinded-end-point trial that emphasized early intensive and sustained vasodilation in adult patients hospitalized due to AHF with NYHA functional class III/IV, however provided neutral findings. HRQL was assessed by the generic EQ-5D-3L which is a 3-leveled 5-item instrument and the disease-specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models were performed after patients were grouped into low (EQ-5D −0.074&amp;lt;0.25; KCCQ 0&amp;lt;25), moderately low (0.25&amp;lt;0.5; 25&amp;lt;50), moderately high (0.5&amp;lt;0.75; 50&amp;lt;75) and high HRQL (0.75–1.0; 75–100). Results 781 patients were enrolled in 10 centres in 5 countries over 2 continents among which 536 (69%) patientshad completed theEQ-5D and 419 (54%) the KCCQ shortly after admission. Within 180 days of follow-up69 (13%) and 54 (13%) patients died and 151 (28%) and 122 (29%) died or were rehospitalized due to AHF, respectively. Cumulative incidence as well as HRs in patients grouped according to NYHA (n=536) indicated a comparable or significantly lower risk in patients with NYHA IV: e.g. for the combined outcome HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.777–1.473) and aHR 0.463 (95% CI 0.245–0.875). Whereas HRs in patients grouped according to both, EQ-5D (n=536) and KCCQ (n=419), increased from the group with highest to the group with the lowest HRQL: e.g. aHR for moderately high 1.11 (95% CI 0.718–1.715), for moderately low 1.721 (95% CI 1.102–2.688) and for low EQ-5D index 1.891 (95% CI 1.136–3.149) referenced to high HRQL (EQ-5D index 0.75–1.0). Conclusions These findings corroborate and extend previous work suggesting that NYHA classification poorly discriminates AHF patients' prognosis and challenge its' extensive application. HRQL might be a possible alternative to easily assess these patients' heath state. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Heart Foundation A. 180-day mortality; B. composite outcome

Longitudinal comparison of health locus of control and subjective well-being in older women with breast cancer

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in the health locus of control (HLC) and subjective well-being (SWB) of older women with breast cancer, to explore the relationship between the HLC and SWB of these patients at different time points. Design The research method adopted was a longitudinal study. Convenience sampling was used to select older women with breast cancer and their HLC and SWB at different times were evaluated. The ages of the patients were ≥60 years. The survey was conducted starting from the day of admission and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Main outcome measures HLC and SWB Results The HLC and SWB of older women with breast cancer changed dynamically (P < 0.05), and the patients were in poor condition at T1. At each time point, the internal HLC (IHLC) for these patients was positively correlated with the total SWB score. Additionally, powerful others HLC (PHLC), chance HLC (CHLC), and SWB were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). Conclusion The HLC and SWB of older women with breast cancer change dynamically. Medical staff should pay more attention to the HLC and SWB of patients 1 month after surgery. SWB can be improved by improving the patients’ IHLC and reducing their PHLC and CHLC.

Speech language therapists’ experiences with subjective well‐being in people with aphasia

Subjective well-being (SWB) and quality of life (QOL) are intricately related constructs. Recent research shows both constructs share some facets, but are distinct entities. It is unclear, both internationally and in the Netherlands, if and how SLTs address SWB in clinical practice. The current study was set up to explore Dutch SLTs' perceptions of SWB in relation to the management of people with aphasia. To describe how Dutch SLTs, working with people with aphasia in a private practice or a healthcare setting, address patient's SWB during diagnosis and treatment, and to identify barriers and facilitators they experience when addressing SWB. A qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach was used. SLTs from private practices and healthcare settings were invited to participate in individual interviews and a focus group. The data were analysed thematically using a combination of inductive and deductive methods. Eight SLTs participated in the study. The SLTs' experiences were captured in four themes that emerged from the data: (1) SWB is a multifaceted concept and depends on patient-specific factors: premorbid factors, life priorities and time post-stroke; (2) SLTs experience more responsibility for patients' SWB than their profession allows; (3) collaboration between SLTs and patients, patients' network and other healthcare professionals is required to address SWB during diagnosis and treatment; and (4) misinterpretations are inevitable when SLTs or the patients' network address patients' SWB. The results showed that SLTs feel responsible for addressing SWB in the management of people with aphasia. Their perception of the concept of SWB is similar to the definition used in the literature and is multifaceted. They feel responsible for the part of SWB that is related to communicative functioning, but less so for the more heuristic aspects of SWB. This is related to their experienced limitation of influence on SWB, which for some leaves them feeling out of depth and uncertain about boundaries between professionals. Addressing SWB in a multidisciplinary team is therefore considered important in order to adequately and fully capture someone's SWB and reduce to clinicians' experienced burden and responsibility. What this paper adds What is already known on this subject Recent studies suggest that quality of life measures may lack facets related to subjective well-being (SWB). Aphasia is likely to impact on SWB of a stroke survivor, but it is unclear if and how SWB is addressed by speech and language therapists in diagnosis, and treatment of Dutch PWA. What this study adds This study provides insight into the operationalization of SWB in Dutch clinical practice, including barriers SLTs experience when addressing SWB. Clinical implications of this study Monitoring and influencing SWB of people with aphasia is a complex process, that SLTs consider only possible in multi-disciplinary teams. Clear guidelines on roles and responsibilities between various disciplines involved are necessary to improve care for people with aphasia.

Treatment satisfaction and its association with anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 among Lebanese inpatients with schizophrenia.

Background:The patient’s evaluation of treatment and its associated outcomes define the treatment satisfaction. The quality of treatment satisfaction and healthcare service has been affected by depression, anxiety and fear of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Objective:Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with treatment satisfaction among Lebanese inpatients with schizophrenia, namely depression, anxiety and fear of COVID-19.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2020, enrolled 118 patients with chronic schizophrenia consecutively admitted to Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Lebanon. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Treatment Satisfaction-Patient Satisfaction Scale (FACIT-TS-PS) was used to assess treatment satisfaction, the Lebanese Anxiety Scale -10 (LAS-10) was used to assess anxiety, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to assess depression and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale to assess the level of fear of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results:The mean scores of the scales were as follows: treatment satisfaction (65.20; SD 16.11; median=71), LAS-10 (13.65; SD 6.02), MADRS (9.09; SD 6.69) and fear of COVID-19 (18.59; SD 6.78). Higher depression (r= -0.46, p<0.001) was significantly associated with lower treatment satisfaction. Female gender (beta=7.51, p=0.029) was significantly associated with higher treatment satisfaction score. Fear of COVID-19 did not show any significant association with the treatment satisfaction score.Conclusions:Results of this study found that depression and gender were associated with treatment satisfaction among inpatients with schizophrenia. No association has been found between fear of COVID-19 and treatment satisfaction among those patients. More research is warranted to evaluate treatment satisfaction and associated factors among chronic inpatients with schizophrenia, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to improve treatment satisfaction and subjective well-being of patients.

Chronic Urticaria and Its Impact on the Quality of Life of Nepalese Patients.

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a skin condition characterized by sudden and recurrent episodes of wheals, angioedema, or both and commonly associated with itching for a duration of more than six weeks. The available data indicate that urticaria markedly affects both objective functioning and subjective well-being of patients. A review of patients' records with chronic urticaria attending Civil Service Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 was done. A detailed demographic data of all patients with chronic urticaria was also retrieved. Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire (DLQI) Nepalese version was used for the assessment of the impact of disease on life quality. Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to compare means, and principle component analysis for factor analysis was used. A total of 149 patients were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 : 1.9. The mean age of the study population was 32.86 ± 12.837 years. The mean DLQI score was 8.30 ± 6.73 with men having a significantly greater score than women (p < 0.02). DLQI scores negatively correlated with age (p < 0.01). There was a high internal consistency among items (Cronbach's alpha 0.89), and all items had satisfactory correlation with each other as well. Principle component extraction revealed that there were two underlying factors in the DLQI questionnaire on measuring quality of life in chronic urticaria. Males had a greater impairment in quality of life than females due to chronic urticaria. Most severe impairment was seen in symptoms/feelings subdomain. It also revealed that there were two different underlying factors in DLQI questionnaire.

Subjective Well-Being and its Impact on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and Long-Term Survivors

Abstract Objective: This study examines the profile of subjective well-being among 33 patients undergoing radiotherapy at the time of the study and 30 long-term survivors for over five years. A subject of the study is also the relation between the aspects of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) and the separate dimensions of fatigue and an analysis has been made of their influence on the burden of fatigue among the examined people. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 cancer patients were enrolled in the study – 33 patients undergoing radiotherapy and 30 long-term survivors. Multidimensional questionnaire on fatigue MFI-20 and Scale for subjective well-being (SWLS) were used to assess Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and Subjective well-being in patients during radiation-treatment and in long-term survivors. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation analysis and t-test of Student. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of fatigue score during radiation-treatment and long-term survivor cancer patients. Results: Of all the components of subjective well-being, only life satisfaction and the positive affect showed a substantial relation with the five dimensions of fatigue, namely: general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation, mental fatigue. The burden of the physical and general fatigue among patients undergoing radiotherapy was estimated primarily based on the grounds of life satisfaction, (ß = -0.53; р = 0.03), respectively; (ß = -0.40; р = 0.01), the negative affect (stress) was a major predictor of the burden of general fatigue among patients belonging to the same group (ß = 0.33; р = 0.03). The positive affect predicts to a large extent the burden of the general (ß = -0.54; р = 0.02) and physical fatigue (ß = -0.36; р = 0.04) for the group of the long-term survivors for over five years. Conclusions: In congruence with positive psychology, positive affect and life satisfaction, as aspects of subjective well-being, proved to be protective factors against the burden of fatigue. These results can guide the development of individually tailored interventions that may reduce the impact of fatigue on patients with cancer.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Pain Perception and Subjective Well-Being in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Pain Perception and Subjective Well-Being in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

The Efficacy of a Peer-Led Versus Nurse-Led Self-Management on the Subjective Well-Being of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) can be a buffer against mental health problems. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) tend to experience low levels of subjective well-being. Objectives: The two objectives were (1) to examine whether peer-led and nurse-led self-management training can improve SWB of patients with MS and (2) to compare the effect of these two interventions on SWB of patients with MS. Methods: In this trial, 81 patients were randomly assigned to either nurse-led (n = 41) or peer-led (n = 40) groups. Both groups participated in six weekly-based 1.5‐hr self-management sessions. The cognitive and affective components of SWB were evaluated using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Scale for Positive and Negative Experience, respectively. Results: Life satisfaction increased in both groups over time (P &lt; 0.001), although it was not significantly different between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). Positive and negative experiences increased in both groups over time (P &lt; 0.05), but the increase in positive experience in the peer-led group was significantly larger than those in the nurse-led group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Peer-led and nurse-led self-management training, are feasible tools to enhance the cognitive component of SWB, i.e., life satisfaction. Considering the affective component of SWB, positive experience in the peer-led group improved better than in the nurse-led group over time. Therefore, if healthcare providers improve the SWB of patients with relapsing-remitting MS, the self-management intervention led by peers is preferred than nurse-led self-management training.