Subjective Psychological Factors Research Articles

Study on the influence of Party organization climate on college students' ideological, political and behavioral patterns and countermeasures based on Apriori algorithm

When the organizational climate refers to the group atmosphere, it directly influences and dominates the subjective psychological factors shaped by the subjective environment of the organization's target. The excellent organizational climate also determines the effect of the group. Taking the climate of Party organizations as the starting point and students of Yunnan Minzu University as the research carrier, this paper introduces the "climate" of party organizations into its influence on ideology, politics and behavior patterns, reflecting the analogical discussion of the entity form of "climate" in the aspects of party organization system construction, psychological compatibility degree and mode of action. The Apriori correlation algorithm is used to match attitude, thought, spirit and behavior, which are persistent and interact with each other, with climate, and which party organization climate factors have a deep impact on college students' ideological, political and behavioral patterns? In particular, the influence and degree of the party organization climate on the transformation of students' employment concept are also investigated and quantitatively analyzed, and the countermeasures of the influence of the Party organization climate on the ideological, political and behavioral patterns of college students are found.

Root cause analysis of credit card fraud

Fraud detection has always been a major problem in society, especially in the banking, insurance and medical sectors. As more and more people are using credit cards to pay, the fraud rates tend to get higher. This situation is a considerable risk for the credit card company. At the same time, credit cards and their related industries have become an indispensable part of the economic construction of various countries. Therefore through descriptive analysis, regression and factor analysis, this paper analyzes the root cause of fraudulent transactions and makes simple predictions. Discusses the characteristics of cardholders and influencing factors of fraudulent transactions, The subjective psychological factors have the biggest influence on fraudulent transactions and puts forward some suggestions to prevent fraudulent transactions.

Effects of sleep restriction on food intake and appetite under free-living conditions: A randomized crossover trial

To investigate changes in subjective psychological factors and dietary intake during sleep restriction, we carried out a randomized crossover trial with a 3-day sleep restriction condition (SR; 5 h of sleep) and control sleep condition (CS; 8 h of sleep). Days 3 and 4 involved free-living and laboratory (in the morning) conditions, respectively. Subjective psychological factors (hunger, appetite, desire for sweets and fatty foods, sleepiness, and fatigue) were assessed using a 0.0–10.0 cm visual analog scale (VAS) every hour throughout the day on day 3, and at 8:00 a.m. on day 4. Dietary intake on day 3 was assessed on the basis of the food purchased and eaten. Fasting blood samples were collected at 8:00 a.m. on day 4. Dietary intake during the ad libitum breakfast was assessed on day 4. The participants were 13 women and 11 men (mean age, 21.4 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index, 19.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2). The areas under the curve 0–16 h after waking for hunger, desire for fatty foods, sleepiness, and fatigue were higher in the SR than CS on day 3 (P < 0.05). Energy and carbohydrate intakes from snacks (daytime and nighttime) on day 3 were higher in the SR than CS (P < 0.05) but total dietary intake on day 3 was not different between the conditions (P > 0.05). The 2-arachidonoylglycerol level was different between the conditions (P < 0.05), but was not associated with sweet taste preference, dietary intake, or the active ghrelin level on day 4 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ratings for subjective psychological factors and energy and carbohydrate intakes from snacks increased in association with sleep restriction under free-living conditions.

Hybrid active and passive strategies for chance-constrained bilevel scheduling of community multi-energy system considering demand-side management and consumer psychology

Developing hybrid renewable energy multi-energy system at the community level (CMES) is crucial for sustainable development and society. There are considerable resources in community users that can be activated by demand-side management (DSM) and combined with CMES for smart and clean energy supplies. This work focuses on optimal multi-timescale CMES management at energy and power levels considering source-load interaction. Firstly, the flexible community building and EV loads are comprehensively modeled, including the subjective psychological factors of community users' willingness to participate in DSM activities. Then, a bilevel collaborative strategy is proposed to manage CMES. The upper-level unites all schedulable resources to actively control CMES and flexible loads to achieve optimal multi-energy balances. The lower-level forms hybrid virtual electrical storage to passively adapt to instantaneous power rebound/decline events. These two levels are bridged through chance-constrained programming, achieving risk avoidance. Finally, the performances, including community users, the grid, and CMES itself, are evaluated, as well as influences of confidence level and user attitudes (in DSM activities). Simulation results show that the proposed strategy with a high confidence level avoids the lack of flexibility and load interruption and reduces cost and grid interaction fluctuations by 5.75 % and 59.48 %, respectively. DSM can support the efficient and flexible operation of CMES by providing equivalent energy storage with a capacity/power of up to 657 kWh/350 kW. On the other hand, the high subsidy price reduces CMES's interests, and users' benefits will be weakened accordingly, while users actively involved in DSM create a win-win situation with CMES.

A transfer learning-based feedback training motivates the performance of SMR-BCI

Objective. Feedback training is a practical approach to brain–computer interface (BCI) end-users learning to modulate their sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs). BCI self-regulation learning has been shown to be influenced by subjective psychological factors, such as motivation. However, few studies have taken into account the users’ self-motivation as additional guidance for the cognitive process involved in BCI learning. In this study we tested a transfer learning (TL) feedback method designed to increase self-motivation by providing information about past performance. Approach. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the previous runs were affine transformed and displayed as points on the screen, along with the newly recorded EEG signals in the current run, giving the subjects a context for self-motivation. Subjects were asked to separate the feedback points for the current run under the display of the separability of prior training. We conducted a between-subject feedback training experiment, in which 24 healthy SMR-BCI naive subjects were trained to imagine left- and right-hand movements. The participants were provided with either TL feedback or typical cursor-bar (CB) feedback (control condition), for three sessions on separate days. Main results. The behavioral results showed an increased challenge and stable mastery confidence, suggesting that subjects’ motivation grew as the feedback training went on. The EEG results showed favorable overall training effects with TL feedback in terms of the class distinctiveness and EEG discriminancy. Performance was 28.5% higher in the third session than in the first. About 41.7% of the subjects were ‘learners’ including not only low-performance subjects, but also good-performance subjects who might be affected by the ceiling effect. Subjects were able to control BCI with TL feedback with a higher performance of 60.5% during the last session compared to CB feedback. Significance. The present study demonstrated that the proposed TL feedback method boosted psychological engagement through the self-motivated context, and further allowed subjects to modulate SMR effectively. The proposed TL feedback method also provided an alternative to typical CB feedback.

Impact of Subjective and Objective Factors on Bus Travel Intention.

Given the lack of quantitative descriptions on the interaction between psychological factors and the built environment in existing urban bus travel behavior, this study examines the simultaneous influences of the objective-built environment and subjective psychological factors on bus travel intentions. An empirical study on the influence path of bus travel intention was conducted using structural equation modeling. Then, personal attribute factors were introduced, and a linear regression model was used to explore the influence of behavioral intentions. This study uses 410 investigated samples from the residents in Zhengzhou, China. The findings proved that psychological factors play mediating roles between the travel environment and its impact on travel behaviors and confirms the validity of the description of the measurement variable with respect to the bus travel intentions proposed in the study. We also found that the retirement factor among the personal attribute factors could significantly affect bus travel intentions, which means that the retired group prefers to use buses for traveling. This study shows innovations in catching the intermediary effect of psychological factors between the built environment and travel behavior while also quantifying the effects of both subjective and objective factors when choosing bus travel.

An explanatory model of depressive symptoms from anxiety, post-traumatic stress, somatic symptoms, and symptom perception: the potential role of inflammatory markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

BackgroundThe context of the COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the mental health of the population, increasing the incidence of mental health problems such as depression, especially in those who have had COVID-19. Our study puts forward an explanatory model of depressive symptoms based on subjective psychological factors in those hospitalized for COVID-19 with and without biological markers (i.e., inflammatory markers). Therefore, we aim to evaluate the hypotheses proposed in the model to predict the presence of depressive symptoms.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study, using a simple random sampling. Data from 277 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Lima-Peru, were collected to assess mental health variables (i.e., depressive, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and somatic symptoms), self-perception of COVID-19 related symptoms, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) such as inflammatory marker. We performed a structural equation modeling analysis to evaluate a predictive model of depressive symptoms.ResultsThe results showed a prevalence of depressive symptoms (11.2%), anxiety symptoms (7.9%), somatic symptoms (2.2%), and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (6.1%) in the overall sample. No association was found between the prevalence of these mental health problems among individuals with and without severe inflammatory response. The mental health indicators with the highest prevalence were sleep problems (48%), low energy (47.7%), nervousness (48.77%), worry (47.7%), irritability (43.7%) and back pain (52%) in the overall sample. The model proposed to explain depressive symptoms was able to explain more than 83.7% of the variance and presented good goodness-of-fit indices. Also, a different performance between the proposed model was found between those with and without severe inflammatory response. This difference was mainly found in the relationship between anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms, and between the perception of COVID-19 related symptoms and somatic symptoms.ConclusionsResults demonstrated that our model of mental health variables may explain depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients of COVID-19 from a third-level hospital in Peru. In the model, perception of symptoms influences somatic symptoms, which impact both anxiety symptoms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Thus, anxiety symptoms could directly influence depressive symptoms or through symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Our findings could be useful to decision-makers for the prevention of depression, used to inform the creation of screening tools (i.e., perception of symptoms, somatic and anxiety symptoms) to identify vulnerable patients to depression.

Mentalization and Its Relation to Life Satisfaction and the Level of Mental Adjustment to Illness in Women with Breast Cancer-A Pilot Study.

This study’s aim was assessing of the relationship between mentalization and life satisfaction and the level of adaptation to oncological disease in patients with breast cancer. The study involved 41 women (M = 59.88; SD = 8.81) with breast cancer who completed their treatments and participated in a cancer rehabilitation program. In the study, we used the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), the Satisfaction Life Scale (SWLS), and the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC). The mean of declared level of mentalization was 45.54 (SD = 11.65). The significant correlation between mentalization (its general value and individual dimensions) and satisfaction with life/mental adjustment to cancer was observed. The strongest positive correlations were noted between refusing self-reflection, helplessness–hopelessness, and anxious preoccupation and the negative correlation between mentalization and satisfaction with life. Mentalization was a predictor of satisfaction with life and mental adjustment to illness. Mentalization was related with life satisfaction and adjustment to cancer in patients with breast cancer, which is in line with previous studies suggesting the crucial role of subjective psychological factors in maintaining mental health.

Detection Storage Time of Mild Bruise’s Loquats Using Hyperspectral Imaging

Bruise may cause spoilage, reduce commodity economic value, and give rise to food quality and safety concerns. Therefore, it is crucial to detect whether a loquat is bruised and when it is bruised to save storage and transportation costs. At present, the bruise of loquats is mainly discriminated by the operator’s naked eye, which is affected by personal habits, light intensity, and subjective psychological factors. The detection method is time-consuming, inaccurate, inefficient, and difficult to identify the bruise’s time of loquats. Due to the fact that the color features can be used to perform the conditions of the darkened and brownish regions in bruise’s loquats, the combined spectral information and the color features method is proposed to accurately detect the storage time of mild bruise’s loquats in this study. In order to reduce economic losses, different methods are used to deal with the loquats at the corresponding bruise’s time. Loquats with four types of bruise’s time, including 6, 12, 24, and 36 h, are studied. Models with four types of characteristics, including spectral information, RGB features combined with spectral information, HSI features combined with spectral information, and mixed color features combined with spectral information (mixed-spectral), are established based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). The investigated 400 independent samples with four bruise’s time conditions are utilized to assess the classification ability of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the Mixed-RBF-LS-SVM model has the lowest errors, and the accuracies of storage time of mild bruise’s loquats at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h are 100%, 92%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. The overall accuracy of the LS-SVM model based on mixed-spectral is 96%, and it demonstrates that the combined spectral information and color features method can be used to accurately detect the bruise’s time of loquats. Finally, the LS-SVM model based on mixed-spectral is optimized by UVE, SPA, CARS, and GA, respectively; it is found that the UVE-LS-SVM model based on mixed-spectral is the best, and the overall accuracy is 92%. It also lays a foundation for future studies about detecting the bruise’s time of fruits with a high-precision, rapid, and nondestructive measurement.

Group Heterogeneity of Rural Households’ Satisfaction with Good Life from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization—A Case Study from Zhejiang Province of China

In the context of rural revitalization, this article explores the group heterogeneity and influencing factors of the satisfaction of rural households’ good life in five dimensions, including industry and economy, living environment, rural culture, rural governance, and material life, and provides micro evidence and policy suggestions for the specific strategies of deepening rural revitalization and improving the satisfaction level of rural households’ good life. Based on the field survey data in rural areas of Zhejiang Province, this article analyzes the group heterogeneity of rural households’ satisfaction with a good life through latent profile analysis and further reveals the influencing factors through multinomial logistic regression. The results indicate that most dimensions of rural households’ satisfaction with good life, except rural culture in Zhejiang, are higher than average. The rural households’ satisfaction with good life presents obvious group differences, which are aggregated into three latent classes: very-satisfied class, medium-satisfied class, and low-satisfied class. The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that subjective psychological evaluation, such as communication, self-confidence, and village status evaluation, had significant positive effects on the group category of good life satisfaction. The proportion of non-agricultural income and the level of per-capita family income have a significant negative influence on the group category of good life satisfaction, and the condition of public service at the village level has a significant positive influence on the group category of good life satisfaction. The satisfaction of rural households on sanitary toilet environment, New Year celebration, cultural activities in the countryside, work of village committee, fair treatment of village affairs, and soliciting opinions of village affairs were not high. Lack of self-confidence in communication and other subjective psychological factors and poor public service conditions at the village level are the important reasons for this. Therefore, measures should be taken to deepen the construction of rural civilization, build a multi-path and long-term mechanism to increase farmers’ income, and make up for the shortage of rural infrastructure and public services.

Effectiveness of therapies for mental disorders: real clinical practice versus scientific evidence

The article provides information on particular issues of treatment of mental disorders. An analysis was made of the issues of therapeutic resistance and compliance among mental patients, which play an important role in possible discrepancies between the results of randomized placebo-controlled trials and the use of psychotropic drugs in routine clinical practice. The main aspects of clinical pharmacology are presented in an accessible form, which determine the complexity and at the same time professionalism in the practice of a psychiatrist. Grouped and deciphered are the factors that have a direct impact on the therapeutic response of the drug, including the primary pharmacological properties of the drug, nosological, general biological, social, subjective-psychological factors.

How do psychological factors sway customers' preferences towards transit service attributes?

The study aims at quantifying the influence of subjective psychological factors on shaping customers’ preferences towards transit service attributes. In addition, the study examines the association between customers’ subjective psychological tendencies and socioeconomic characteristics. A dataset of 1,241 potential transit users is explored through an Error Components (EC) logit model with systematic taste variations and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results quantified the influence of subjective psychological aspects on customers’ preferences towards various transit service attributes and concluded the power of psychological aspects in explaining preference heterogeneity. For instance, environmentally conscious customers are more tolerant towards walking time to/from bus stops and have a higher appreciation of at-stop real-time information provision than others. Further, the multivariate analysis of variance highlighted that customers’ psychological factors vary significantly across their socioeconomic characteristics. For example, young customers are more environmentally conscious and have higher perceived behaviour control and social norms towards transit than old and middle-aged customers. Overall, the findings provide research-based evidence to practitioners and policymakers on the dire need to jointly considering both psychological and utilitarian aspects in evaluating the desired quality from public transit.

On quality assessment of electronic training course interfaces

The development of e-learning, both in distance and mixed forms, becomes especially relevant in the modern educational process. A high-quality e-learning course is developed through the efforts of two parties: the teacher, who creates the methodological content, and the programmer, who creates the electronic shell of the course. The article substantiates the importance of quality issues in the development of a user interface for electronic educational resources, since the user of an electronic course deals with the direct implementation of educational material. The indicators for assessing the quality of software products in accordance with international and Russian standards and their applicability for assessing user interfaces of electronic educational resources are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the importance of the indicator “practicality” in relation to this type of software product as an indicator of an individual evaluation of the use of a product by a certain user or circle of users. The classical methods for assessing the quality of the human-machine interaction interface and the applicability of experimental and formal methods for assessing quality are considered. The analysis of modern approaches to the design of user interfaces based on UX/UI design is given. An assessment of the requirements and criteria for assessing the user interface from the standpoint of modern design is given. The tasks and features of the UX and UI components of the design process are analyzed. The essence of the modern term “usability” as an indicator of the interface evaluation is explained, and the qualitative evaluation criteria for this indicator are considered. The concept of UX testing is given, the main stages of this process are considered. The importance of taking into account the subjective psychological factors of interface perception is substantiated. The indicators for assessing the quality of user interfaces, based on the cognitive factors of its perception by a person, are analyzed.

Psychological analysis of professional activities of heads of state authorities

The article discusses the problem of specifics of professional activities of heads of state power in modern conditions and the role of subjective psychological factors in the success of its implementation. It is noted that along with the function of "normative control", the head of power must take independent management decisions in conditions of increased social responsibility. This can give rise to intrapersonal conflict, moral and intellectual overload of the politician, which affect the effectiveness of its activities. When the hierarchical status of the manager increases, its power, freedom to exercise power, and therefore personal responsibility for making managerial decisions increase too. In this regard, the importance of subjective factors when exercising power functions of the head is increasing. The concepts “power” and “management” are analysed in the article, the characterisation of the subject exercising power is given in comparison with the “manager”, the psychological concepts of power and the compensatory nature of the need for power are highlighted. The author draws attention to the variety of studies of power motivation, the presence of various approaches to the analysis of power motives, the possibility of highlighting the instrumental and value, personality-oriented and socio-oriented components of power motivation. The importance of the existence of socially-oriented motives in the structure of motivation of heads of government bodies is emphasised, as well as the need to form a system of prosocial value orientations, which can determine the qualitative specificity and effectiveness of heads' activities. The importance of improving the personnel selection system for positions of heads of state power, taking into account value-motivating factors, is discussed.

Economic stability analysis of blue carbon cooperation in the South China sea region using evolutionary game model with Weber's law

The political environment of the South China Sea Region (SCSR) has gradually stabilized, such that regional cooperation in the preservation of marine resources seems realistic. Blue carbon international cooperation is an important solution to the problem of global warming, which has a large number of economic and political attributes. As a region that has incredibly abundant blue carbon resources, further cooperation among SCSR governments would present the opportunity to establish meaningful economic and environmental protections that would promote peaceful blue carbon development of this region. To examine the feasibility of such an undertaking, we leverage the imitator's dynamic game as a research method and introduce Weber's law to examine the subjective psychological factors (i.e., biases) of participants in qualifying the economic stability of blue carbon cooperation in the SCSR. The results suggest that the economic stability of blue carbon cooperation correlates to Weber's coefficient and the income produced by the different strategies. Based on these findings, we discussed policy recommendations to promote the sustainable economic development of SCSR.

Methods for Optimizing Decision Making in Eliminating Subjective Psychological Factors As a Tool for Ensuring the Economic Security of Textile Enterprises

Methods for Optimizing Decision Making in Eliminating Subjective Psychological Factors As a Tool for Ensuring the Economic Security of Textile Enterprises

Subject and personal particularities of women having various stages of breast cancer

Introduction:The relevance of the research is on the one hand associated with improvement of medical technologies for oncological diseases treatment contributing to increasing the patients’ life expectancy, which leads to an increase of the actual quantity of oncological patients. On the other hand, it is due to worsening of the quality of life of patients having malignant tumors depending both on treatment methods and the patients’ mental and emotional condition.Objective:This paper is aimed at finding psychological personal determinants that create scientific bases to allow using subjective psychological factors alongside with medical practice in working with cancer patients for improving their quality of life.Methods:The leading approach to studying this problem is the systemic and subject-based approach that allows taking an integral view of subject and personal characteristics of oncological patients. Various questionnaires focused on the coping behavior, viability and control were used as psychodiagnostic techniques for assessing the subject and personal characteristics.Results:In the paper, a review of studies is presented that deal with psychological particularities of women having breast cancer, and psychological features women with breast cancer distinguishing them from healthy women are described. As a result of the research conducted, it has been found there are personal and subjective particularities of self-control, subjective control and viability in women having breast cancer distinguishing them from healthy women.Conclusion:The materials of the paper are of practical importance for practicing psychologists who monitor and adjust the treatment process both in terms of oncologists and of psychological support, which gives the opportunity to adjust treatment methods up to the patient’s mental and emotional condition.

Про проблеми викладання фундаментальних економічних дисциплін у вітчизняних та закордонних університетах

The article outlines the objective and subjective-psychological factors of the reduction of the study of fundamental economic disciplines in Ukrainian universities in recent years. One of the reasons for this reduction in the scope, and even the displacement of these disciplines from the university curricula, was the terminological incorrectness associated with the use of the title "Economic Theory", which means rather a method or tool of economic research. The use of term "Economic Theory" as a title of fundamental economic discipline significantly narrows its subject, gives the impression of its theorizing and detachment from the real economy and doesn’t contribute to improving the competitiveness of the graduate in the labor market. The authors substantiate the expediency of including the discipline "Political Economy” in the list of compulsory courses in the master's educational programs on "Economics". Political economy is now being transformed into an interdisciplinary branch of economic knowledge, which emphasizes on distributive relations and social efficiency. Attention is focused on the importance of national economic education for achieving the effectiveness of economic policy. Teaching fundamental economic disciplines for students of non-economic specialties would help to improve the level of national economic education and therefore to make effective economic decisions. The experience of American universities in the formation and implementation of economic courses in the curricula of non-economics students and the approaches to updating the structure and content of such disciplines are analyzed. It provides broader possibilities in the study of fundamental economic disciplines and finally proves the importance of the normative economics alone with the positive one in the education process. It is concluded that the negative tendencies in the study of fundamental economic disciplines in Ukrainian universities can be neutralized via employing positive foreign experience and shaping a Ukrainian economics mainstream, which would include the scientific achievements of both Ukrainian and foreign economists.

العوامل المرتبطة بالتنمر الإلیکترونى ونموذج مقترح للحد منها من منظور طریقة خدمة الفرد

ملخص البحث : مع التطور المعرفي وثورة الإتصالات ووسائل التکنولوجيا الحديثة فقد إنتشرت ظاهرة التنمر الإليکتروني في المجتمع المدرسي بمراحله التعليمية المختلفة خاصة المرحلة الثانوية ، وهى تعد إمتداد للتنمر التقليدي ولکن بإستخدام شبکات الإنترنت ومواقع التواصل الإجتماعي المختلفة لإيقاع الأذي والضرر بالأخرين والذي قد يتمثل في : المضايقة ، والسب والقذف ، وتشويه السمعة ، والإحراج ، والإستبعاد ، والإقصاء ، والخداع ، والإستغلال ، ونشر الشائعات ، وإفشاء الأسرار ، وإنتحال الشخصية ، وذلک من خلال إرسال رسائل نصية أو صور وفيدوهات مخجلة ...إلخ ، الأمر الذي يتطلب دراسة وتحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالتنمر الإليکتروني بالمرحلة الثانوية من أجل التوصل إلى مداخل ونماذج مقترحة للتغلب على هذه العوامل والحد منها. وقد إستهدف هذا البحث : تحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالتنمر الإليکتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية ، والتوصل إلى نموذج مقترح للحد من العوامل المرتبطة بالتنمر الإليکتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية من منظور طريقة خدمة الفرد. وهذه الدراسة تنتمي وفقا لأهدافها لنمط الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية ، وإتساقا مع نوع الدراسة فقد إستخدم الباحث منهج المسح الإجتماعي لعينة قوامها 120 مفردة (من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية المتنمرين إليکترونيا) ، بالإعتماد على أداة (صحيفة إستبار) لتحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالتنمر الإليکتروني. وقد تمثلت أهم نتائج الدراسة في : تحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالتنمر الإليکتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية - والتي تمثلت في : العوامل النفسية الذاتية ، العوامل المدرسية ، العوامل الإجتماعية ، العوامل التکنولوجية ، کما إقترحت الدراسة نموذج يتم بناءه بالإعتماد على العلاج المعرفي السلوکي من منظور طريقة خدمة الفرد. الکلمات المفتاحية : العوامل المرتبطة ، التنمر الإليکتروني ، النموذج. Abstract : With the development of knowledge and the revolution of communications and means of modern technology, the phenomenon of cyberbullying has spread in the school community in its various educational stages, especially the secondary stage, it is an extension of traditional bullying but using various internet networks and social networking sites to inflict harm and harm on others, which may be: harassment, insult and slander, defamation, embarrassment, exclusion, deception, exploitation, spreading rumors, divulging secrets, and impersonation, by sending text messages or pictures and shameful videos...etc., which requires studying and identifying the related factors of cyberbullying in the secondary stage in order to reaching suggested approaches and models to overcome and reduce these factors. This research was aimed at identifying the related factors of cyberbullying among secondary school students, and reaching a suggested model to reduce the related factors of cyberbullying among secondary school students from the perspective of social case work method. This study belongs according to its aims to the type of analytical descriptive studies, and in line with the type of study, the researcher used the social survey method for a sample of 120 individuals (from secondary school students who are cyberbullying), relying on the questionnaire tool to identify the related factors of cyberbullying. The most important results of the study were : identifying the f related factors of cyberbullying among secondary school students - which were : subjective psychological factors, school factors, social factors, technological factors, and the study suggested a model to be built based on cognitive-behavioral therapy from the perspective of social case work method.. Key words : Related Factors , Cyberbullying , Model

The relevance of psychological factors in the ecotourist experience satisfaction through ecotourist site perceived value

Firmly linked to the natural environment, nature-based activities involve learning, recreation, and adventure in natural surroundings. Ecotourism, a powerful market force, is a low-impact nature tourism, which contributes directly and indirectly to the maintenance of species and habitats. It is based on environmentally responsible behavior, environmentally friendly destination management, and sustainable development of local human populations. The socio-psychological analysis of the tourist experience is crucial to the reassurance and the promotion of eco-friendly ways of tourism affecting the long-term success of both ecotourism products and destinations. Nevertheless, previous research has focused on the effects of tourist satisfaction on favorable outcomes, such as the intention to recommend the destination or revisit intentions, while ecotourism knowledge and attitudes towards ecotourism have been disregarded. Various hypotheses are proposed and tested with structural equation models (Partial Least Squares), which allow the simultaneous study of various relations of dependence, on the basis of the data taken from 520 interviews with visitors to a protected area. The results show that knowledge of ecotourism, to a lesser extent, and that attitudes towards ecotourism, to a greater extent, explained the perceived value of the tourist site which, in turn, predicted almost half of the variance of tourist satisfaction in the context of an ecotourist site. Additionally, satisfaction can promote the return intentions and the willingness of ecotourists to recommend the site to both family and friends. So, a greater degree of ecotourism knowledge held by the visitor will favor a positive perception of the value of the ecotourist site as well as, to an even greater extent, positive attitudes towards ecotourism. These results support the importance of subjective psychological factors in shaping the tourist's experience of protected areas. Cultivating ecotourism knowledge and attitudes towards ecotourism during ecotourist visits would increase the perceived value of protected areas and tourist satisfaction, a key element for the long-term success of ecotourism products and destinations.