Subjective Oral Health Status Research Articles

일부 대학생의 스트레스와 주관적 구강건강 상태의 관계에서 심리적 요인의 매개효과 검증

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between stress and psychological factors in relation to the subjective oral health status of college students. Methods: The study analyzed 406 questionnaires targeting fourth-year college students. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were investigated as psychological factors. Results: Depression and anxiety were found to partially mediate the relationship between stress and subjective oral health status. Additionally, depression and anxiety partially influenced subjective oral health status among college students. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicated that it is necessary to control the stress, depression, and anxiety levels of college students to improve their oral health-related quality of life.

Determining factors related to unmet dental needs among adolescents using Anderson Model

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to unmet dental care needs among Korean youth, enhance the utilization of dental services by adolescents, furnish basic data for youth-oriented dental projects, and improve access to medical care. Methods: The analysis utilized combined data from the basic and oral databases from the 6th (2013–2015), 7th (2016–2018), and 1st year of the 8th (2019) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: The factors influencing unmet dental care needs were gender, age, household income level, and health insurance. Statistically significant results were observed in relation to the type of dental clinic, recent visits to a dental hospital, experiences of toothache within the past year, subjective oral health status, occurrences of permanent dental caries, and engagement in orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: When formulating future national policies and projects, it is imperative to consider the factors and underlying reasons for the unmet dental care needs of adolescents. It is also necessary to establish oral health policies and institutional measures tailored to the dental care of adolescents.

Interdental cleaning and periodontal status among older Koreans: Findings from KNHANES VII.

To assess the association between the usage of interdental cleaning and periodontal status among older people in Korea. In order to maintain oral health in older people, it is very important to use interdental cleaning devices. However, there is a lack of research on periodontal status and interdental cleaning device use in older people. This study used data collected from the 7th National Health Nutrition Survey (KNHANES VII: 2016-2018). A total of 3426 older people adults aged 65 years or older were selected from 16 489 participants. Data on sociodemographic status (sex, age, level of education, income, residential area), personal health practice (subjective health status, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus), oral health practice (subjective oral health status, tooth brushing frequency, dental visits, and chewing problem), the number of teeth and periodontitis were collected. Periodontitis was defined as having a World Health Organisation community periodontal index (CPI) code greater than or equal to three, and severe periodontitis was defined as a CPI code 4. Participants having a CPI code of 3 or 4 were considered to have periodontal disease in this study. Logistic regression analysis investigated the association between interdental cleaning devices usage and periodontitis controlling the confounding factors. Those who do not use dental floss had a higher rate of periodontal disease (AOR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 2.1). However, there were no significant differences by interdental brush use. In those with 20 or more teeth, non-users of dental floss had a higher risk of periodontitis in all models. Conversely, in those with fewer than 20 teeth, no significant differences were observed. Older people with mostly intact dentitions have better periodontal health if they clean between their teeth.

How Mental Health Correlates with Subjective Oral Health Status: A Cross-Sectional Study among a Group of University Students.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between subjective oral health status and mental illness in a group of university students in Riyadh City of Saudi Arabia. A self-report questionnaire collected data on demographics, subjective oral health and mental health. The Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales were administered. Students' participation was voluntary. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A total of 614 students participated in the study, 45.28% (n = 278) were males and 54.72% (n = 336) were females. Oral health status was assessed, and most participants rated their oral health status as good 53.75% (n = 330). This study also assessed mental health among the participants and found that 50.49% (n = 310) of students were suffering from different degrees of depression. Approximately, 46.74% (n = 247) of students reported experiencing certain degrees of generalized anxiety disorder. Mental disorders were significantly correlated with subjective oral health status, since participants who rated their oral health as poor or very poor tended to have higher PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores. In conclusion, the findings showed a notable relationship between mental disorders and subjective oral health status among a group of university students. Therefore, the results can be used to help improve service provision, which would ultimately enhance students' mental health.

Education mediates the relationship of parental socioeconomic status with subjective adult oral health

BackgroundEvidence shows that both socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood and education are associated with adult oral health. However, whether the range of opportunities families have regarding their children’s education mediate the effect of childhood disadvantage on oral health later in life remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of education in the association between parental SES and subjective oral health status in middle adulthood.MethodsData from 6703 members of the British Cohort Study 1970 were analyzed. Parental SES was measured using the 7-class National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) at age 10 years. Five measures of education (type of high school, highest qualification, age left full-time education, status of institution and field of study) were obtained from ages 16 and 42 years. Subjective oral health was measured with a single global item at age 46 years. Causal mediation analysis was performed, using a weighting-based approach, to evaluate how much of the effect of parental SES on subjective oral health was mediated by the measures of education separately and jointly.ResultsOverall, 23.6% of individuals reported poor oral health. Parental SES was associated with every measure of education, and they were also associated with subjective oral health in regression models adjusted for confounders. The effect of parental SES on subjective oral health was partially mediated by each measure of education, with a proportion mediated of 53.2% for the institution status, 46.5% for the field of study, 42.8% for the school type, 38.9% for the highest qualification earned and 38.4% for the age when full-time education was discontinued. The proportion of the effect of parental SES on subjective oral health jointly mediated by all measures of education was 81.1%.ConclusionThis study found a substantial mediating role of education in the association between parental SES and subjective oral health in middle adulthood.

Clinical and Subjective Oral Health Status of Care Home Residents in Europe: A Systematic Review.

Several studies demonstrated the poor oral health of care home residents in Europe but there is no systematic overview of the relevant literature. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the clinical and subjective oral health outcomes of care home residents in Europe. The study design is a systematic review. All included publications presented data on clinical and/or subjective oral health outcomes in care home residents in Europe with no restrictions for language or study design. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched, including publications from January 2010 onward. Data extraction and quality assessment (Qualsyst tool) was performed by 2 researchers independently. Findings were synthesized narratively, lack in data homogeneity restricted the relevance of a meta-analysis. Eighty-three papers from 18 countries were included in the systematic review, with a sample size ranging from 39 to 92,827 participants. Their mean age was older than 80years. The residents had few natural teeth, with fewer than a third a functional natural dentition. Removable dentures were present in half to 80% of residents. A high prevalence of dental caries was reported. Oral hygiene was insufficient, for both natural teeth and removable dentures. Few residents had a healthy periodontium. Clinical treatment needs were found in most residents. Perceived treatment needs were high with at least one-third of care home residents reporting a need for care due to poor oral health. A fifth to half of the residents reported negative impacts of their oral condition on their everyday lives. This systematic review clearly highlights the poor oral health and high burden of oral conditions among care home residents across Europe, irrespective of country or health care system. There is need for substantial policy actions to improve oral health in care homes.

Improvement of halitosis by probiotic bacterium Weissella cibaria CMU: A randomized controlled trial.

Several in vitro and in vivo studies have evaluated the effect of probiotics on oral health; however, human clinical studies are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of Weissella cibaria Chonnam Medical University (CMU)-containing tablets on halitosis. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study included 100 adults with halitosis (age, 20-70 years). The participants were randomly assigned to the test group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). One tablet [1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/tablet] was to be taken each day over 8 weeks. The concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), bad breath improvement scores, and oral colonization of W. cibaria were measured. Psychosocial indicators including depression, self-esteem, oral health-related quality of life, and subjective oral health status were evaluated. Most variables were assessed at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks, and W. cibaria number and safety variables were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Intergroup comparisons were carried out using Student's t-test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test on per-protocol analysis. Intragroup differences before and after intake were analyzed using the linear mixed-effect model (LMM). Per-protocol analysis was carried out in the test group (n = 45) and control group (n = 46). Total VSC was significantly lower in the probiotics group than in the placebo group at baseline (week 0, p = 0.046) and at 8 weeks (p = 0.017). The sum of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan did not differ significantly between the groups at baseline; however, it was significantly lower in the probiotics group than in the placebo group at week 8 (p = 0.012). Bad breath improvement (BBI) scores were significantly reduced at week 8 (p = 0.006) in the probiotics group. Statistically significant intergroup differences were observed for changes in the level of W. cibaria at week 8 (p < 0.001). Psychological indicators significantly improved from baseline to week 8 in the probiotics group. No safety issues were observed in either group. The levels of W. cibaria was higher in patients with halitosis using W. cibaria CMU-containing tablets. The subjective degree of bad breath and psychological indicators were improved in patients with halitosis using W. cibaria CMU-containing tablets.

The state of oral health in patients with haemophilia in the Netherlands.

Previous studies show contradictory outcomes regarding dental, gingival and periodontal status in persons with haemophilia (PWH) compared to healthy controls. PWH may experience disease-specific barriers to access dental care due to their bleeding tendency, which may lead to delays in oral care and severe dental problems. To determine the current subjective and objective oral health status in adult PWH. Randomly selected PWH of the Erasmus MC Haemophilia Treatment Center (HTC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were invited to participate. Data was collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14NL) and personal interviews. A dentist used the DMFT index, the Dutch Periodontal Screening index (DPSI), plaque and bleeding index to score the dental status. Forty-eight adult PWH were included in this study, 20 mild, 15 moderate-severe and 13 severe haemophilia with a mean age of 44.7. PWH scored low on the OHIP-14 questionnaire (median total score 1.0; IQR .0-3.0), indicating a high self-rating oral health status. The number of bleeding events, bleeding- and plaque index score was not statistically significant between patients with mild, moderate or severe haemophilia. The mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT-score) was significantly lower in the group of patients with severe haemophilia (median 2.0) compared to mild haemophilia (median 16.0) (p=.04). Twenty-five patients (52.1%) reported to have encountered bleeding problems during or after dental interventions during their lifetime. Dutch adult PWH A/B have good dental status and oral health status.

A qualitative research on the needs for oral care according to the subjective oral health status of the elderly

A qualitative research on the needs for oral care according to the subjective oral health status of the elderly

Factors Associated with Unmet Dental Care Needs among Korean Adult Cancer Survivors: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016-2018 KNHANES.

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with unmet dental care needs among Korean adult cancer survivors. This cross-sectional study used data from the seventh (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Examination Survey. It included 339 adult cancer survivors. Participants’ experience of unmet dental care needs was assessed using a health questionnaire survey. Moreover, the subjective oral health status (i.e., toothache) and behavior (i.e., toothbrushing and oral examination) were assessed through oral health interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis. The rate of experience of unmet dental care needs among cancer survivors was 29.5%. Cancer survivors with limitations in performing daily activities of living were more likely to experience unmet dental care needs than cancer survivors without activity limitations ([aOR] = 2.14, [95%CI] = 1.04–4.40). Moreover, cancer survivors who did undergo oral examination within the past year were more likely to experience unmet dental care needs than cancer survivors who underwent oral examination ([aOR] = 2.49, [95%CI] = 1.22–5.07). Korean cancer survivors experienced unmet dental care needs when they did not receive an oral examination or had activity limitations. This study’s findings provide insight into social and behavioral factors associated with unmet dental care needs among Korean cancer survivors.

Associated factors of depression in pregnant women in Korea based on the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey: a cross-sectional study.

PurposeVarious individual and social factors influence depression in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and health status on depression of pregnant women in Korea. MethodsThis study analyzed data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey conducted from August to October 2019. A structural questionnaire with Patient Health Quetsionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), health behavior, health status, and psychological characteristics was used. The data of 1,096 pregnant women between the ages of 19 and 55 years were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-test and chi-square tests, and multiple regression.ResultsThe mean score of prenatal depression as measured by the PHQ-9 during pregnancy was 2.35 points out of 0 to 27 points. Low income (B=0.69, p<.001), low-education level (B=0.70, p<.001), skipping breakfast (B=0.34, p=.001), less than 8 hours of sleeping (B=0.26, p=.009), binge drinking during pregnancy (B=0.46, p=.001), and stress (B=1.89, p<.001) were significantly associated with increased depression scores. In contrast, depression scores significantly decreased as subjective health status (B=–0.59, p<.001) and subjective oral health status (B=–.17, p=.003) increased.ConclusionFindings support the need for healthcare policies and clinical screening to alleviate prenatal depression, especially for pregnant women with low socioeconomic status, poor health behavior, poor health status, and high stress.

Relevance between job burnout and subjective oral health status of service workers in some areas

본 연구는 일부 서비스업 종사자의 직무소진의 정도를 측정하고 턱관절 장애, 구강악습관, 구취의 구강내 불편감의 정도를 나타내는 주관적 구강건강인지 관련성을 분석하고자 2020년 6월 1일부터 7월 20일까지 G시에 소재한 서비스업종 관련 근무자를 대상으로 연구 참여에 동의한 462부를 최종 분석하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 25.0 Version을 사용하여 일반적인 특성은 빈도분석을 하였고, 일반적 특성과 직무소진 및 구강내 불편감은 t-test와 ANOVA를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 사후검증은 Scheffe를 사용하였다. 직무소진과구강내 불편감 간의 상관관계를 보기 위하여 Pearson 상관분석을 사용하였고, 직무소진에 대한 구강내 불편감의 영향을 보기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 직무소진 중 비인격화는 1단위 증가하게 되면 구강내 불편감은 0.153 증가하였고, 성취감 감소는 1단위 증가하게 되면 구강내 불편감은 0.267 증가하여 직무소진과 구강내 불편감 정도를 나타내는 주관적 구강건강인지와 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 서비스업 종사자의 직무소진의 정도를 낮출 수 있는 대처방안 및 구강건강증진에 필요한 프로그램 구축에 필요한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

Possible association between oral health and sleep duration: A cross-sectional study based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2010 to 2015.

This study was performed to investigate the association between oral health and sleep duration in South Korean subjects using 2010–2015 data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).Cross-sectional data on 35,599 adults over the age of 19 years who completed KNHANES were analyzed. All participants reported subjective oral health status and their daily average sleep duration using a self-reported questionnaire. Sleep duration and oral health status were divided into 3 categories: ≤5, 6–8, ≥9 h/day and good, fair, poor, respectively.The overall prevalence of poor oral health status was 43.8%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that poor oral health status was significantly associated with age, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, education, income, depression, marital status, and sleep duration. After adjusting for covariates (age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, smoking, income, education, marital status), sleep durations of ≤5 hours (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26–1.60) and ≥9 hours (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04–1.40) were significantly associated with poor oral health, compared to a sleep duration of 6–8 hours. Short or long sleep duration was more likely to have an impact on the development of poor oral health status in men than in women. A significant relationship between sleep duration and oral health status was found in participants younger than 60 years.This is the first report that both short and long sleep durations are significantly associated with the development of poor oral health status. The effect of short or long sleep duration on poor oral health was more significant in younger subjects and in men.

Oral health status and behavior in elderly Koreans with periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to investigate oral health status and oral health behaviors in elderly Koreans with periodontal disease. The data of the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were used. This cross-sectional study included 2981 individuals who were at least 65 years of age. Periodontal disease was assessed in oral health exams. Subjective oral health status (e.g., toothache) and oral health behaviors (e.g., tooth brushing and oral health examination) were assessed in health interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The overall prevalence of periodontal disease in the study population was 47.5%. Individuals with periodontal disease were more likely to have a toothache than those without periodontal disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.20-1.77). Individuals with periodontal disease were also more likely to have chewing discomfort (aOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.01-1.44) and less likely to use oral hygiene products (aOR=0.74, 95% CI=0.60-0.91) than those without periodontal disease. About half of elderly had the periodontal disease. Elderly Koreans with periodontal disease were more likely to have poor oral health and behavior than those without periodontal disease. The results of this study provide an insight into social and behavioral factors associated with periodontal diseases in older Koreans. It is necessary to confirm these results through prospective studies.

몽골 초등학교 학생과 학부모(보호자)간의 구강건강 영향력

This study was conducted to determine the subjective oral health status and interest in oral health for elementary school students and parents in Mongolia, and to find out the influence of bidirectional oral health. For two weeks from February 2020, 300 questionnaires were distributed to parents of elementary schools in Kanul, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, and 294 of them were used for final analysis. Subjects responded to self-report questionnaires such as demographic characteristics and oral health characteristics. It was found that the bidirectional influence of the subjective oral health status of children and parents (guardians) and interest in oral health had a statistically significant effect on each other. When the parent (guardian)

Effects of Oral Probiotics on Subjective Halitosis, Oral Health, and Psychosocial Health of College Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Altogether, 81% of Korean college students experience halitosis and concomitant psychosocial problems such as depression and lowered self-esteem, as well as poor oral-health-related quality of life. Although halitosis causes many social and psychological problems among college students, there have been no reports of improvement interventions. This study aimed to identify the effects of ingesting tablets of the oral probiotic Weissella cibaria CMU (Chonnam Medical University, Gwangju, Korea) on halitosis and examine its effects on psychosocial indicators. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. They ingested W. cibaria CMU or the placebo, depending on which group they belonged to, before going to bed daily for eight weeks. The measured indicators were subjective halitosis, subjective oral-health status, depression, self-esteem, and oral-health-related quality of life. Measurements were at baseline and eight weeks later. The participants showed statistically significant differences in subjective halitosis and oral-health-related quality of life. For college students with halitosis, intake of the oral probiotic for eight weeks could be a useful nursing intervention for reducing halitosis and improving oral-health-related quality of life.

A study on the perception of hand washing and health status in Korean adults.

This study aimed to investigate the perception about hand washing and health status among Koreans using the data from the Community Health Survey.We examined the differences in the perceptions about hand washing and health statuses of 220,440 participants of the 2017 community health survey. The sample was divided into groups based on demographic variables, perceptions about hand washing, and prevalence of metabolic diseases. Participants’ demographic characteristics were analyzed using frequency, and perceptions about hand washing and subjective health status-related parameters were analyzed using t tests. The prevalence of metabolic disorder was analyzed with χ2 tests.There were significant differences in subjective health status, subjective oral health status, and perceived obesity in the positive and negative hand washing perception groups (P < .01). The prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus significantly differed in the positive and negative hand washing perception groups (P < .01), but no differences were observed for hyperlipidemia (P < .01).This study showed that positive hand washing perception is associated with good health care practices. The perceptions of hand washing, which are formed during early childhood, were closely associated with health status. This finding could be useful evidence for developing programs focusing on major health behaviors and levels of health.

Relationship between Lifestyle of Eco-Generation and Subjective Psychological Health and Oral Health Status

Relationship between Lifestyle of Eco-Generation and Subjective Psychological Health and Oral Health Status

Subjective oral health status in an adult Korean population with asthma or allergic rhinitis

Oral health can affect or be a manifestation of general health. Although oral health assessment has been used as a proxy for general health, few studies have reported an association between oral health status and allergic diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between subjective oral health status and asthma/allergic rhinitis in a nationwide representative sample of Korean adults.A total of 227,977 participants from the Korean Community Health Survey 2015 were enrolled. Participants were asked about their subjective oral health status (very good, good, normal, poor, very poor), periodontal status (mobility, swelling, calculus, bleeding), teeth brushing frequency, and scaling history within the past 12 months. Histories of physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis throughout life were surveyed. The associations between subjective oral health status and allergic diseases were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, economic level, educational level, region of residence, smoking, alcohol, obesity, subjective general health status, stress level, physical activity, periodontal status, teeth brushing frequency, and scaling history within the past 12 months were adjusted as covariates.A higher prevalence of asthma (3.6%) was reported in the poor oral health group than in the good (1.8%) and normal (2.1%) groups (P < .001). Poor oral health status was significantly related to asthma, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.19 (95% CI = 1.07–1.33, P = .002). Although the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was not higher in the poor oral health group (13.4%) than in the good (15.4%) and normal oral health groups (15.9%), the aOR for allergic rhinitis was 1.05 (95% CI = 1.00–1.11, P = .045) in the poor oral health group after adjusting for covariates.Subjective poor oral health status was significantly associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in Korean adults.

A Survey Study on the Subjective Oral Health Status and the Non-Diagnosis of Dental Treatment in Korean People: Focusing on Data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

A Survey Study on the Subjective Oral Health Status and the Non-Diagnosis of Dental Treatment in Korean People: Focusing on Data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey