Subjective Evaluation Results Research Articles

How does drama-based pedagogy enhance learning and teaching in psychology? An exploratory mixed-method study

The use of a drama-based pedagogical (DBP) approach, while well-documented to promote active learning and enhance students’ generic skills, is under-utilised in the context of higher education, particularly in psychology learning and teaching (L&T). A project, comprising two virtual drama-integrated learning sessions, was implemented to gauge the efficacy of the DBP approach in psychology L&T at a Hong Kong university. Aside from facilitating effective learning and application of psychological theories on the topic of classroom management in a semi-authentic setting (i.e. a drama context highly analogous to a real-life situation), this project aimed to enhance students’ creative thinking, problem-solving, communication, and critical thinking skills. A mixed-method evaluation framework was utilised to evaluate students’ feedback upon completion. The project’s quantitative analyses, while utilizing the subjective outcome evaluation approach, underscored students’ acknowledgement of DBP’s positive impact on their learning in alignment with prior research. Qualitative analyses, meanwhile, uncovered the underlying five elements through which DBP is conducive to achieving the current expected outcomes. Discussions pertaining to the possible interconnection of these five elements behind DBP and its implications on university psychology education are featured.

Vocal dysfunction following thyroid surgery: a multidimensional subjective and objective study

Background and objectiveFollowing thyroid surgery, vocal changes are a common complication and well-known morbidity that may be linked to neuronal and non-neuronal voice breakdown. Nevertheless, their effects on different voice characteristics are not fully understood, and their bases are still poorly characterized. In order to determine the diagnostic indicators that address the nature of such post-thyroidectomy voice alternations, this study was designed to provide a multidimensional assessment of vocal function after thyroid surgery.MethodsThis research was a 1-year prospective cohort study conducted on 100 adult patients aged 40.19 (± 12.82) years who were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Phoniatric Unit, Assiut University Hospital, and scheduled to undergo thyroid surgery during the period from November 2020 to November 2021. All subjects underwent vocal assessment preoperatively and 15 days, 1 month, and 2 months postoperatively by filled in subjective evaluation of voice complaints via voice handicap index (VHI-30), auditory perceptual assessment (APA) of the voice, and videolaryngoscopy in addition to acoustic analysis using computerized speech lab (CSL). Statistical analysis was performed to compare multi-parameter voice assessment tools across different assessment time points.ResultsThe voice changes were significantly decreased from 51.0% after 15 days postoperatively to 33.0% after 2 months of follow-up. Among these cases, 35.0% cases developed vocal fold paralysis and complained of a breathy voice (27% developed unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and 8% developed bilateral focal fold lesions), and the remaining 16.0% cases had no paralytic manifestations. Also, only one case developed gross lesion “bilateral vocal fold nodules.” The subjective evaluation of voice outcome after thyroidectomy showed significant improvement in VHI subscales and total score from 15 days postoperatively to 2 months of follow-up (P < 0.001). All of the acoustic parameters except HNR showed a significant difference across the different assessment settings (P < 0.001).ConclusionThyroidectomy can result in significant vocal alterations, even in cases where the laryngeal nerve is unharmed. These changes should be taken into consideration in patient having thyroid surgery, especially a total thyroidectomy because of malignant lesions. More efforts are needed in order to determine the extent and pathophysiological reasons for the vocal alterations following thyroid surgery in order to reduce the morbidity associated with one of the most popular surgical procedures performed globally.

Comparable Outcomes Between Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation and Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Setting of Patellar Realignment

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine clinical and functional outcomes in patients treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) or osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for chondral defects secondary to patellar instability with concomitant medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) for patellar realignment. MethodsA retrospective review identified patients who underwent ACI or OCA transplantation with concomitant MPFL reconstruction and TTO . Patients were excluded if they did not have concomitant MPFL reconstruction and TTO, had the presence of other intra-articular pathologies, or failed to complete postoperative subjective outcome evaluations at a minimum of 2 years following surgery. Subjective outcome measures included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation, and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical scores, collected a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Defect location, size, complications, and rate of subsequent surgery were determined. ResultsEighteen total patients were included in this study. The ACI cohort included 11 patients with 13 total defects that were treated with ACI. The OCA cohort included 7 patients with 10 total defects that were treated with OCA. This was due to a number of patients in either group having multiple cartilage defects. Twenty-three total chondral defects were compared to analyze clinical and functional outcomes following surgical correction (ACI: n=13, OCA: n=10). Five defects were noted on the femoral condyle and 18 on the patellar facets/central ridge. Defects were comparable between groups including, size measured during index-arthroscopy (ACI = 3.34 cm2, 95% CI [2.3 cm2 - 4.4 cm2] vs OCA = 4.03 cm2, 95% CI [3.1 cm2 - 5.0 cm2]; P=.351), Outerbridge classification (ACI = 54.8% grade 4 vs OCA = 60.0% grade 4; P=1.000), and AMADEUS score (ACI = 47.1 vs OCA = 58.6; P=.298). Postoperative outcomes were comparable including revision rate (ACI = 15.4% vs OCA = 10.0%; P=1.000) and 2-year IKDC scores (ACI = 74.2, 95% CI [65.2 - 83.2] vs OCA = 51.2, 95% CI [30.3 - 72.1]; P=.077). ACI did have significantly higher 2-year KOOS JR (85.1, 95% CI [76.9 - 93.3] vs 63.7, 95% CI [49.1 - 78.3]; P=.031) and SF-12 scores (54.1, 95% CI [52.0 - 56.2] vs 42.6, 95% CI [35.8 - 49.4]; P=.007) compared to OCA. ConclusionACI or OCA transplantation for chondral defects with concomitant MPFL reconstruction and TTO can be safely performed in an outpatient setting with functional and clinical outcomes being comparable. Level of EvidenceRetrospective Case Series Study (Level 3)

Study on sporty exhaust sound of economical vehicle under acceleration

Exhaust sound quality is an important part of vehicle performance. In this paper, the sporty exhaust sound quality of an economical vehicle equipped with a 4-cylinder and 4-stroke engine is evaluated, analyzed, and improved under acceleration. Firstly, a sporty feeling evaluation method with engine speed divided is proposed, and the influence of exhaust sound order components on sporty exhaust sound is analyzed. The results show that while the A-weighted sound pressure level (ASPL) of Order 2 is lower and the ASPLs of Orders 4 and 6 are higher, the exhaust sound is sportier. Then, a hybrid predicted model of vehicle sporty exhaust sound under acceleration is established based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithm. The relative errors between the predicted results of CNN-SVR hybrid model and the subjective evaluation results are limited within 2%, which indicates that the CNN-SVR hybrid prediction model achieves a high accuracy in assessing the sporty feeling of exhaust sound. Finally, considering the frequency ranges corresponding with the above order components under the practical accelerating condition, a strategy is proposed to enhance the sporty feeling of exhaust sound by reducing the sound energy within 100 Hz and increasing the sound energy within 100–450 Hz. Based on this strategy, a muffler with different structure is selected and installed on the economical vehicle, and the sporty feeling of exhaust sound is 0.63 points higher than before.

A General Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Technique for Walnut Object Detection Model

Object detection models are commonly used in yield estimation processes in intelligent walnut production. The accuracy of these models in capturing walnut features largely depends on the quality of the input images. Without changing the existing image acquisition devices, this study proposes a super-resolution reconstruction module for drone-acquired walnut images, named Walnut-SR, to enhance the detailed features of walnut fruits in images, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the object detection model. In Walnut-SR, a deep feature extraction backbone network called MDAARB (multilevel depth adaptive attention residual block) is designed to capture multiscale information through multilevel channel connections. Additionally, Walnut-SR incorporates an RRDB (residual-in-residual dense block) branch, enabling the module to focus on important feature information and reconstruct images with rich details. Finally, the CBAM (convolutional block attention module) attention mechanism is integrated into the shallow feature extraction residual branch to mitigate noise in shallow features. In 2× and 4× reconstruction experiments, objective evaluation results show that the PSNR and SSIM for 2× and 4× reconstruction reached 24.66 dB and 0.8031, and 19.26 dB and 0.4991, respectively. Subjective evaluation results indicate that Walnut-SR can reconstruct images with richer detail information and clearer texture features. Comparative experimental results of the integrated Walnut-SR module show significant improvements in mAP50 and mAP50:95 for object detection models compared to detection results using the original low-resolution images.

Research on super-fitting phenomenon in sound quality prediction of silent chain transmission system

To predict the sound quality of silent chain transmission system, we propose a new data enhancement method called fuzzy generation. After enlarging the original dataset by fuzzy generation, we find that prediction model has an abnormal super-fitting phenomenon under certain conditions. In contrast to overfitting, super-fitting means that the model performs poorly on the training set but performs better on the test set. To further explore this super-fitting phenomenon, we firstly carry out a noise collection test of the silent chain transmission system. Secondly, the collected noise samples are evaluated subjectively and objectively. Based on the subjective evaluation results, we can establish the fuzzy generation interval for each sample. By selecting different membership values and different perturbation forms, the dataset is expanded three times. Training four different prediction models on the new datasets, we found that super-fitting is more likely to occur with linear perturbation. However, in the case of some membership values, the random perturbation can also lead to super-fitting. Through analyzing the prediction effect of the four models, we conclude that fuzzy generation can indeed significantly improve accuracy of model, and super-fitting is mainly caused by a special kind of data leakage. When using fuzzy generation to predict sound quality with small samples, appropriate membership value and perturbation form should be selected to avoid the occurrence of super-fitting.

Measurement and evaluation of down jacket fabrics by tactile, visual and auditory sense

Twenty down jacket fabrics underwent a subjective multisensory evaluation, including tactile, visual, and auditory aspects, and the subjective and objective style evaluation results were compared and analyzed. The subjective style evaluation of down jacket fabrics was divided into comprehensive sensory evaluation and pure sensory evaluation. Pure sensory evaluation included three ways: pure vision, pure touch, and pure hearing. The comprehensive sensory evaluation was to combine the three to evaluate the fabric. The results showed that the pure sensory evaluation results were not much different from the comprehensive sensory evaluation results, and the correlation was strong. In general, the results of the pure tactile test were more consistent with the results of the comprehensive sensory test. The subjective comprehensive sensory evaluation results had a high linear correlation with the calculation results of the objective comprehensive handle evaluation model, and were negatively correlated. The smaller the calculated value of the model, the better the comprehensive handle of the fabric. It also proved the rationality and validity of the objective model, and the feasibility of the CHES-FY textile handle style evaluation instrument to evaluate the handle of down jacket fabrics.

Research on sound quality of roller chain transmission system based on multi-source transfer learning

To establish the sound quality evaluation model of roller chain transmission system, we collect the running noise under different working conditions. After the noise samples are preprocessed, a group of experienced testers are organized to evaluate them subjectively. Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) of each noise sample is calculated, and the MFCC feature map is used as an objective evaluation. Combining with the subjective and objective evaluation results of the roller chain system noise, we can get the original dataset of its sound quality research. However, the number of high-quality noise samples is relatively small. Based on the sound quality research of various chain transmission systems, a novel method called multi-source transfer learning convolutional neural network (MSTL-CNN) is proposed. By transferring knowledge from multiple source tasks to target task, the difficulty of small sample sound quality prediction is solved. Compared with the problem that single source task transfer learning has too much error on some samples, MSTL-CNN can give full play to the advantages of all transfer learning models. The results also show that the MSTL-CNN proposed in this paper is significantly better than the traditional sound quality evaluation methods.

Small Sample Sound Quality Prediction Method of Hy-Vo Chain Transmission System Based on Fuzzy Generation

To improve the noise comfort of the whole machine, it is necessary to establish the sound quality prediction model of the Hy-Vo chain transmission system. Compared with the silent chain transmission system, the Hy-Vo chain transmission system normally operates at a lower speed and cannot have too much load at the limit speed. It is difficult to obtain a sufficient quantity of high-quality noise samples because there are few different working conditions. For small sample sound quality prediction, we use a sample enhancement method called fuzzy generation based on fuzzy mathematics. Firstly, audio samples of the Hy-Vo chain transmission system are collected through noise tests. Secondly, the processed samples are evaluated objectively and subjectively. After a correlation test of the subjective evaluation results, correct subjective evaluation scores of each noise sample are obtained. With the help of fuzzy generation, we can obtain a sufficient number of new samples. By mixing the original samples with the generated samples, a new dataset is created. Through using a general regression neural network (GRNN), support vector regression (SVR) model, and ridge regression (RR) method, the sound quality of the Hy-Vo chain transmission system can be predicted. Different from prediction results under the original dataset, using the fuzzy generation method can not only significantly reduce the prediction error of the model but also improve stability.

Infrared and visible image fusion in a rolling guided filtering framework based on deep feature extraction

AbstractTo preserve rich detail information and high contrast, a novel image fusion algorithm is proposed based on rolling-guided filtering combined with deep feature extraction. Firstly, input images are filtered to acquire various scales decomposed images using rolling guided filtering. Subsequently, PCANet is introduced to extract weight maps to guide base layer fusion. For the others layer, saliency maps of input images are extracted by a saliency measure. Then, the saliency maps are optimized by guided filtering to guide the detail layer fusion. Finally, the final fusion result are reconstructed by all fusion layers. The experimental fusion results demonstrate that fusion algorithm in this study obtains following advantages of rich detail information, high contrast, and complete edge information preservation in the subjective evaluation and better results in the objective evaluation index. In particular, the proposed method is 16.9% ahead of the best comparison result in the SD objective evaluation index.

Research on the parameter design and calibration and control of EV in-vehicle active sound generation system

In order to improve the interior sound quality of electric vehicles (EVs) under acceleration and uniform speed conditions, to balance the comfort and dynamics of the interior sound, and to improve the accuracy and performance of the active sound generation system (ASGS), this article carries out the research related to the parameter design, sound calibration, evaluation methodology, and control system of the EV ASGS. Propose an in-vehicle sound design method focusing on three dimensions, including engine order composition, spectral energy distribution, and sound amplitude enhancement in the typical speed range, and determine the in-vehicle sound design scheme and the total sound value target. Focus on the sound parameter design, calibration and evaluation methods of EV ASGS considering the frequency response characteristics of the loudspeaker, sound amplitude control accuracy, sound quality, and psychoacoustic parameters, clarify the active sound parameter settings of EVs, complete the analysis of sound extraction methods, complete the engine order sound fitting, and design the ASGS of the EV interior by combining the subjective and objective evaluations. Develop the control software and hardware of the ASGS, complete the construction and accuracy verification of the ASGS based on the in-vehicle sound system, and realize the sound calibration of the ASGS under the static conditions of the real vehicle and the verification of the target achievement. The real-vehicle test shows that the ASGS reduces the sharpness of 1.0 acum and 0.52 acum under acceleration and constant speed conditions, respectively, and improves the comfort and dynamics of in-vehicle sound. The objective and subjective evaluation results show that the parameter design, selection and accuracy of the sound calibration and evaluation methods of the ASGS in the EV determines the accuracy and effect of the ASGS.

Study on physiological representation of passenger cognitive comfort: An example with overtaking scenarios

During autonomous driving, the subjective cognition of scenario risks may lead to cognitive discomfort of occupants. This is a new concept of ride comfort for vehicles, which is being included in the performance evaluation of autonomous vehicles. The observation methods, generation mechanisms, prediction methods, and optimization methods of this cognitive discomfort remain to be explored. In order to quantify the risk cognition of passengers and evaluate cognitive comfort, this paper proposes a physiological representation method using overtaking scenarios as an example. Firstly, physiological data of passengers are collected through road test, and 19 physiological indicators are extracted, including 6 galvanic skin response (GSR) indicators, 5 electrocardiogram indicators, and 8 eye movement indicators. Secondly, the physiological indicator set related to the subjective evaluation results of comfort is constructed through correlation analysis. Finally, a multiple linear regression model is established to represent the level of passenger discomfort, with physiological indicators as inputs and subjective comfort indicators as outputs. The indicators that contribute significantly to the output results in the model are the maximum amplitude of GSR, the rise time of GSR, the maximum pupil diameter, and the average fixation time. The validation results indicate that the overall accuracy of the model is 86.90 %.

Assessing the efficacy of acupuncture as the sole analgesic for canine chronic pain

PICO Question In dogs with chronic pain, is acupuncture alone, compared to a placebo, more efficacious in alleviating pain and pain-related dysfunction? Clinical bottom line Category of research Treatment. Number and type of study designs reviewed Four randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials were critically appraised. Strength of evidence Weak. Outcomes reported A single study evaluating the efficacy of gold bead implantation, a form of permanent acupuncture, on pain associated with canine hip dysplasia (CHD) endorsed acupuncture’s superior pain alleviation and locomotion improvement through owner and veterinarian subjective outcome evaluation. Three studies concluded that, overall, acupuncture was not efficacious regarding pain reduction or dysfunction improvement compared with placebo treatment. Conclusion Based on the limited current evidence, acupuncture could have analgesic effects as perceived by owners, but acupuncture, as a sole analgesic, is unlikely to be effective in alleviating pain and pain-related dysfunction in canine chronic pain associated with musculoskeletal causes. Evidence is lacking on chronic pain due to neurological and oncological causes. Further studies need to focus on researching various acupuncture modalities’ effects on chronic pain with musculoskeletal, neuropathic and oncological causes when utilised as a component of multimodal therapy. Currently, for canine patients with chronic pain, there is insufficient evidence for a veterinarian to recommend that a client utilise acupuncture as the sole method for pain management. How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.

MTFN: multi-temporal feature fusing network with co-attention for DCE-MRI synthesis.

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. However, obtaining complete eight temporal images of DCE-MRI requires a long scanning time, which causes patients' discomfort in the scanning process. Therefore, to reduce the time, the multi temporal feature fusing neural network with Co-attention (MTFN) is proposed to generate the eighth temporal images of DCE-MRI, which enables the acquisition of DCE-MRI images without scanning. In order to reduce the time, multi-temporal feature fusion cooperative attention mechanism neural network (MTFN) is proposed to generate the eighth temporal images of DCE-MRI, which enables DCE-MRI image acquisition without scanning. In this paper, we propose multi temporal feature fusing neural network with Co-attention (MTFN) for DCE-MRI Synthesis, in which the Co-attention module can fully fuse the features of the first and third temporal image to obtain the hybrid features. The Co-attention explore long-range dependencies, not just relationships between pixels. Therefore, the hybrid features are more helpful to generate the eighth temporal images. We conduct experiments on the private breast DCE-MRI dataset from hospitals and the multi modal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge2018 dataset (BraTs2018). Compared with existing methods, the experimental results of our method show the improvement and our method can generate more realistic images. In the meanwhile, we also use synthetic images to classify the molecular typing of breast cancer that the accuracy on the original eighth time-series images and the generated images are 89.53% and 92.46%, which have been improved by about 3%, and the classification results verify the practicability of the synthetic images. The results of subjective evaluation and objective image quality evaluation indicators show the effectiveness of our method, which can obtain comprehensive and useful information. The improvement of classification accuracy proves that the images generated by our method are practical.

LPIPS-AttnWav2Lip: Generic audio-driven lip synchronization for talking head generation in the wild

Researchers have shown a growing interest in Audio-driven Talking Head Generation. The primary challenge in talking head generation is achieving audio-visual coherence between the lips and the audio, known as lip synchronization. This paper proposes a generic method, LPIPS-AttnWav2Lip, for reconstructing face images of any speaker based on audio. We used the U-Net architecture based on residual CBAM to better encode and fuse audio and visual modal information. Additionally, the semantic alignment module extends the receptive field of the generator network to obtain the spatial and channel information of the visual features efficiently; and match statistical information of visual features with audio latent vector to achieve the adjustment and injection of the audio content information to the visual information. To achieve exact lip synchronization and to generate realistic high-quality images, our approach adopts LPIPS Loss, which simulates human judgment of image quality and reduces instability possibility during the training process. The proposed method achieves outstanding performance in terms of lip synchronization accuracy and visual quality as demonstrated by subjective and objective evaluation results.

Law Abidance Leadership Education for University Students in Hong Kong: Subjective Outcome Evaluation

Adolescence is an “age of rebellion” when adolescents challenge authority and break rules on an experimental basis. Hence, it is important to promote law abidance, particularly when we expect young people to become future leaders. In this study, we implemented a 3-hour face-to-face module on law abidance leadership with national security as a part of the contents. To understand the perceptions of university students taking the lecture (N = 1,285), we employed a 26-item post-lecture evaluation questionnaire to conduct subjective outcome evaluation. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) as well as multi-group CFAs based on two randomly selected samples, demonstrated the three dimensions intrinsic to the scale (i.e., lecture attributes, teachers’ qualities, and appreciation of law abidance leadership) replicated the previous findings, hence supporting the construct validity of the instrument. Regarding perceptions of all respondents (N = 985), students generally held positive views on lecture design and delivery. Besides, they agreed that this module benefited their personal development in critical thinking, problem-solving ability, moral competence, interpersonal communication skills, law abidance leadership, and their understandings about the significance of national security. More than 95% of the participants expressed their desire to become law-abiding citizens and take on social responsibility. The qualitative responses also triangulated the quantitative findings, with most of which being positive responses. This study replicated our previous research, and enriched the scientific database on teaching politically sensitive topics in the context of higher education.

The Influence of Noise Exposure at Different Loudness Levels on EEG Index and Types of Attention.

Noise is one of the most important harmful factors in the environment. There are limited studies on the effect of noise loudness on brain signals and attention. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to different loudness levels with brain index, types of attention, and subjective evaluation. Four noises with different loudness levels were generated. Sixty-four male students participated in this study. Each subject performed the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-2) test before and during exposure to noise loudness signals while their electroencephalography was recorded. Finally, the alpha-to-gamma ratio (AGR), five types of attention, and the subjective evaluation results were examined. During exposure to loudness levels, the AGR and types of attention decreased while the NASA-Tax Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores increased. The noise exposure at lower loudness levels (65 and 75 phon) leads to greater attention dysfunction than at higher loudness. The AGR was significantly changed during exposure to 65 and 75 phon and audio stimuli. This significant change was observed in exposure at all loudness levels except 85 phon and visual stimuli. The divided and sustained attention changed significantly during exposure to all loudness levels and visual stimuli. The AGR had a significant inverse correlation with the total score of NASA-TLX during noise exposure. These results can lead to the design of methods to control the psychological effects of noise at specific frequencies (250 and 4000 Hz) and can prevent non-auditory damage to human cognitive performance in industrial and urban environments.

Psychophysiological restoration effects through the experience of Gugak soundscape content

The psychophysiological restoration effects of content combining Korean natural soundscape with Gugak, traditional Korean music, were validated through a VR CAVE environment. Participants experienced the content of their choice while seated in a comfortable capsule-shaped chair over a total period of 6 weeks. Psychological responses, heart rate variability (HRV), and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured before and after each experience, including 4 weeks after the last (10th week). Acute and chronic effects were confirmed through various correlations derived from the data related to physical parameters that depict the characteristics of the soundscape environment, subjective evaluation results of the soundscape, and physiological response measurements, as well as significant changes in psychophysiological parameters related to restoration.

Plate waste in food service: Nudging intervention

Food waste is a threat to global sustainability. The study aim is to determine the effect of nudge interventions to reduce food waste at lunch. In this experimental study, which was planned in this cross-sectional type, survey data on food waste attitudes were collected from the participants. Volunteers who benefited from the cafeteria service were assigned to the survey (n=157), excluding those who did not use the cafeteria regularly, had a history of food allergy, and declared a diagnosis of chewing-swallowing disorder or celiac disease (n=3). The sociodemographic data and subjective waste amounts of the participants based on the survey, the waste was measured rationally in the pre-nudging and nudging period. The primary outcome is that nudge interventions applied to reduce food waste at lunch can contribute to the total amount of food waste and in which foods to reduce waste. Despite the nudging intervention, the total amount of waste increased, only vegetarian food and bread waste decreased. These changes are not statistically significant. According to the subjective evaluation data, vegetarian food and bread group foods are wasted more. Subjective and rational evaluation results are inconsistent. Short-term nudging intervention is not effective and different strategies are needed to reduce the amount of food waste.

Considerable Long-Term Aesthetic Outcomes and Oncologic Safety of Breast-Conserving Surgery Via a Periareolar Incision: A Retrospective Study

BackgroundTo investigate the application effect of periareolar incision breast-conserving surgery in patients with early breast cancer. MethodsFrom January 2017 to November 2021, a clinician in our research center performed a total of 533 breast-conserving surgery. After screening, we collected the information of 209 patients through telephone, online questionnaires, and outpatient follow-up. One hundred seventeen patients with early breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery under the periareolar incision, while 92 patients underwent surgery through the tumor surface incision. We compared the differences between the 2 groups in the length of stay, postoperative complications, adjuvant therapy, and other clinical indicators, as well as the subjective and objective evaluation of the long-term postoperative breast aesthetic outcome, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival. ResultsWith a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, patients in the periareolar incision group (PAIG) and tumor surface incision group (TSIG) had no significant differences in clinical indicators, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival. However, PAIG patients had better subjective satisfaction with postoperative breast appearance. In the evaluation of objective aesthetic outcomes, PAIG was significantly better than TSIG in texture and elasticity, symmetry, sunken degree of the operative side, skin color, surgical scar, and breast compliance difference. ConclusionBy observing and comparing the clinical indicators, postoperative recurrence, and metastasis of the enrolled patients, this study found that periareolar incision surgery could achieve radical therapeutic effects similar to those achieved through tumor surface incision, and had advantages in improving postoperative aesthetic outcomes, which could provide certain references for clinical practice.