Subjective Emotion Research Articles

Potential applications of humanoid robotic touch for social regulation of emotion: evidence from ECG and fNIRS

ABSTRACT Human-robot touch interaction plays an essential role in emotional support and human mental health support. The role of therapeutic robots such as Paro in mental support has been widely investigated. However, the impact of humanoid robotic touch on the social regulation of users’ emotions is still unknown. Therefore, a mixed experiment was conducted with the type of touch (grip versus contact) as the between-subjects factor and the presence of touch during movie reception (with versus without touch) as the within-subjects factor. The subjective perception of emotion, ECG, and fNIRS signals were collected during the experiment. The results showed that robot touch regulates subjectively positive emotions, reduces HR, increases HRV, and helps suppress the brain activity on the right DLPFC. No main effect of touch type was found on the regulation effect of subjective emotions, autonomic responses, and central nervous responses. The study provides subjective and neurophysiological evidence for the great potential of humanoid robotics for the social regulation of emotion.

How to judge emotions? Measuring moral emotions of lawyers in a retrospective situation

This study examined legal practitioners' emotion regulation strategies and subjective moral emotions related to legal cases they handle. Forty-two participants recalled a civil law case and the emotions they experienced while handling the case. They completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to identify emotion regulation strategies they usually use. Results showed that attorneys often experienced anger and empathy and used strategies that tend to be adaptive across a wide range of contexts. There was a moderate positive correlation between Anger and Positive Refocusing, Contempt and Other-Blame, Guilt and Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and the Difference between parties’ agreeableness (understood as how sympathetic they seemed) and Anger. As the experience of negative emotions paired with maladaptive emotion regulation techniques might be associated with negative consequences both for the self and for the relationship with clients, the present study suggests that adding emotion regulation into legal curricula is crucial.

Diminished negative emotion regulation through affect labeling and reappraisal: insights from functional near infrared spectroscopy on lateral prefrontal cortex activation

BackgroundReappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, includes reinterpretation and affect labeling involving verbalizing emotions. In general, reappraisal is supported by lateral prefrontal cortical regions, which are also known to underlie cognitive regulation. Other research has shown that affect labeling combined with reappraisal of negative emotions increases lateral prefrontal cortex activity more than reappraisal alone does, suggesting that affect labeling facilitates emotional regulation. However, the influence of affect labeling on the efficacy of reappraisal in reducing subjective negative emotions has not been determined.MethodsIn the experiment, 35 participants (mean age = 28.2 years (SD = 9.63); 12 women and 23 men) viewed vignettes that aroused negative emotion. Then, they rated subjective negative emotions as baseline values. Following the baseline rating, the task branched into four conditions, combining affect labeling and emotion regulation factors. In the affect-labeling factor, participants selected emotional labels consistent with their own emotions or not. Regarding the emotion regulation factor, participants engaged in reappraisal to regulate their negative emotions. Throughout the experiment, the intensity of negative emotions was measured three times, mirroring the baseline measurement. Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) signal values in prefrontal cortex regions during tasks were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy.ResultsDifferences between the subjective negative emotion ratings at baseline and after reappraisal indicated that reappraisal significantly reduced negative emotion with and without affect labeling (t (1173.05) = 29.97, p < 0.001), and the combination of affect labeling and reappraisal was less effective in regulating negative emotions at the subjective level than reappraisal without affect labeling (t (1172.03) = 3.15, p < 0.01). Additionally, there was an increase in OxyHb signal in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and right ventral prefrontal cortices while participants performed reappraisal with affect labeling.ConclusionOur findings suggest that affect labeling, when performed prior to cognitive reappraisal, may influence the process of negative emotion regulation in complex ways. The interaction between affect labeling and reappraisal appears to modulate prefrontal cortex activity, potentially reflecting changes in cognitive processing during emotion regulation attempts. These results highlight the need for further investigation into the intricate relationship between different emotion regulation strategies.

STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING IMAGERY IN UPPER ELEMENTARY CLASSICAL POETRY

Exploring the teaching strategies of classical poetry imagery in the upper primary language section is an important way to implement the requirements of the language curriculum standards, improve students’ aesthetics, and the need to inherit the excellent traditional culture. the language curriculum standards, improve students’ aesthetics, and the need to inherit the excellent traditional culture. The imagery of ancient poems in the upper primary language is broadly divided into natural imagery, mythological imagery and life imagery. The imagery of ancient poems in the upper primary language is broadly divided into natural imagery, mythological imagery and life imagery, which is characterised by vivid imagery, subjective emotion, connotation and emotion. The imagery of ancient poems in the upper primary language is broadly divided into natural imagery, mythological imagery and life imagery, which is characterised by vivid imagery, subjective emotion, connotative polysemy and successive inheritance. Through the questionnaire survey on the teachers and students of the Through the questionnaire survey on the teachers and students of the teachers and students of the upper primary school teachers and students of ancient poetry imagery teaching actual situation to carry out investigations and analysis, the upper Through the questionnaire survey on the teachers and students of the upper primary school teachers and students of ancient poetry imagery teaching actual situation to carry out investigations and analysis, the upper school imagery teaching in the teaching of perception bias, the preparation of the content of the shallow superficial, a single teaching method, the students learning motivation is insufficient the students learning motivation is insufficient, targeting these problems, the need to change the concept of ancient poetry imagery teaching, optimise the preparation of ancient poetry imagery teaching, and optimise the preparation of ancient poetry imagery teaching. optimise the preparation of ancient poetry imagery teaching, innovative ancient poetry imagery teaching methods.

Decoding episodic autobiographical memory in naturalistic virtual reality

Episodic autobiographical memory (EAM) is a long-term memory system of personally experienced events with their context – what, where, when – and subjective elements, e.g., emotions, thoughts, or self-reference. EAM formation has rarely been studied in a controlled, real-life-like paradigm, and there is no predictive model of long-term retrieval from self-rated subjective experience at encoding. The present longitudinal study, with three surprise free recall memory tests immediately, one-week and one-month after encoding, investigated incidental encoding of EAM in an immersive virtual environment where 30 participants either interacted with or observed specific events of varying emotional valences with simultaneous physiological recordings. The predictive analyses highlight the temporal dynamics of the predictors of EAM from subjective ratings at encoding: common characteristics related to sense of remembering and infrequency of real-life encounter of the event were identified over time, but different variables become relevant at different time points, such as the emotion and mental imagery or prospective aspects. This dynamic and time-dependent role of memory predictors challenges traditional views of a uniform influence of encoding factors over time. Current evidence for the multiphasic nature of memory formation points to the role of different mechanisms at play during encoding but also consolidation and subsequent retrieval.

Extending insights from LeDoux: using movies to study subjective, clinically meaningful experiences in neuroscience.

Neuroscience research with public health relevance to emotional disorders examines brain-behavior relations. Joe LeDoux's legacy advances these efforts in ways that remain truly unique. While recognized for his basic science research, he also inspires applied researchers, guiding an agenda for clinical scientists: understanding the pathophysiology of altered subjective experiences in emotional disorders. For brain imaging, movie-watching approaches help clinicians realize this agenda due to movies' relative strength in evoking rich, meaningful subjective experiences. Here, we describe methodological advances in movie-watching paradigms that might sustain LeDoux's impact by facilitating the discovery of neural mechanisms generating complex emotional responses. Of note, while linking subjective emotion to pathophysiology is a first step, innovations in movie-watching designs, especially involving therapeutic techniques for emotional disorders, can boost clinical application. Leveraging research on pathophysiology to generate novel therapy reflects the clinical legacy sustained through Joe LeDoux's rousing career.

Exploring emotions beyond the laboratory: A review of emotional and physiological ecological momentary assessment methods in children and youth.

Recent advancements in methodologies such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and ambulatory physiology devices have enhanced our ability to measure emotions experienced in daily life. Despite the feasibility of EMA for assessing children's and youth's emotional self-reports, the feasibility of combining it with physiological measurements in a real-life context has yet to be established. Our scoping review evaluates the feasibility and usability of implementing emotional and physiological EMA in children and youth. Due to the complexities of physiological EMA data, this review also synthesized existing methodological and statistical practices of existing studies. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched and screened PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases for studies that assessed children's and youth's subjective emotions and cardiac or electrodermal physiological responses outside the laboratory. Our initial search resulted in 4174 studies, 13 of which were included in our review. Findings showed significant variability in the feasibility of physiological EMA, with physiology device wear-time averaging 58.77% of study periods and data loss due to quality issues ranging from 0.2% to 77% across signals. Compliance for emotional EMA was approximately 60% of study periods when combined with physiological EMA. The review points to a lack of standardized procedures in physiological EMA and suggests a need for guidelines in designing, processing, and analyzing such data collected in real-life contexts. We offer recommendations to enhance participant engagement and develop standard practices for employing physiological EMA with children and youth for emotion, developmental, and psychophysiology researchers.

Efficacy of pain treatment therapies for chronic pain among clients in assisted living facilities: A systematic review

Background: More than 60% of residents in assisted living homes experience pain, a complex and subjective emotion. Here, we examine the effectiveness of pain management treatments for residents in assisted living facilities who suffer from chronic pain. Method: In this review, the PRISMA Statement was adhered to. Included were intervention studies, whether or not they were randomized. Retrospective studies, studies without a control group, and studies without an intervention were among the studies that were excluded. Subjects having chronic pain who were 60 years of age or older, of any gender, and permanently residing in an institutional environment, such as a assisted living facilities or residential care facility, were included in studies that matched the qualifying requirements. Result: Eight papers total—three non-randomized and five randomized controlled trials—were included in our systematic review. Acupuncture, massage, music therapy, and analgesics are among the interventions employed. Analgesics was the most effective intervention. Exercise had similar effects to social interventions on neuropsychiatric symptoms, pain, and medication intake in older adults with chronic pain; Epsom salt hot fermentation is more effective than regular salt; and acupressure is anticipated to be a beneficial and effective nursing intervention for the elderly with chronic pain. Conclusion: The most beneficial treatment outcome was obtained from the analgesic medication therapy. Alternative therapies without the use of drugs provide modest to significant therapeutic results.

Exploring Development of EMI Teacher Identities and Emotions During a Collaborative Teaching Practice: A Sociocultural Perspective

AbstractThe burgeoning English‐medium instruction (EMI) programs have aroused worldwide scholarly interest in giving language support for EMI subject teachers and their identity‐informed professional development. This study explored how an EMI subject teacher's identities and emotions were intricately interlinked before and after his co‐teaching practice with an English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher at a university in Midwestern China. Ethnographic tools including interviews, observations, and small talks were used over a 10‐month collaborative program. The findings show that the participant teacher's identities and emotions were interdependent with each other and mediated by collaborative teaching practice. Futhermore, emotional attachment to English enhancement and deep engagement in co‐teaching contributed to (re)construction of teacher identities as a content teacher, a competent English user, and an English learning facilitator. The participant's emotional attachment was explicated by his perezhivanie, or the emotional experience of his previous English learning and the emergent EMI teaching contexts. The study highlights the primacy of reconstructing teacher identities and supporting teacher emotional experiences in EMI teacher training and education programs.

The role of affective control, strategy repertoire and subjective emotion regulation success in developmental internalising psychopathology

Adolescence poses significant challenges for emotion regulation (ER) and is thus a critical phase in the emergence of various mental disorders, specifically internalising disorders such as anxiety and depression. Affective control, defined as the application of cognitive control in affective contexts, is crucial for effective ER. However, the relationship between ER and affective control is unclear. This study examined the predictive role of ER strategies and difficulties in affective control, measured as the congruency effect and error rate on an Emotional Stroop task (EST), in a sample of adolescents and young adults (aged 14–21, M = 17.28, 22% male). It was hypothesised that participants with internalising disorders would show higher congruency effects and error rates on the EST than healthy controls after a psychosocial stress induction, indicating lower affective control. Surprisingly, our findings revealed no significant differences in these measures between the groups. However, higher depression scores were associated with increased EST errors. While ER strategies and difficulties did not predict affective control, exploratory analyses unveiled associations between depression scores and ER strategy repertoire, perceived ER success and the ER strategy Acceptance. These findings underscore the importance of implicit ER facets, particularly perceived ER success and flexibility to change between applied strategies for adolescents and young adults with elevated depressive symptoms.

형사실체법에서 법익개념과 피해자의 지위 - 해악의 원칙: 형사입법의 제한에 피해자는 기여하는가?

The principle that there is no crime without legal interest to protect serves to set the limits of criminal legislation. In such a theory centered on the legal interest, it is not known what function the victim performs in the criminal law. However, in the criminal law regulations protecting individuals, the victim's traces appear in that the person attributing legal interests is the victim, and it is not an active marker of the criminal law. Here is looked at whether the areas that are difficult to solve with the theory of legal interest can be supplemented with the principles of common law system. The “Harm to Others Principle,” which the state sees as the most legitimate purpose of restricting individual freedom to prevent acts of harm to others, presupposes the existence of the victim. Next, Offense theory is a theory that the state's penal intervention becomes possible when the infringement of an individual's special feelings is accepted as a serious infringement beyond the subjective tendency, unlike the moral or ethical violation as a common behavior of a community. While debating whether personal legal interests and ecological or functional- human-centered legal interests should interpret legal interests centered on human interests or expand them beyond that, it was confirmed that the principle of harm and its derivative principle could be solved simply but more clearly. If the principle of harm is accepted, the victim can be determined in any way and the criminal substance law can be restricted centered on the victim, because it can have the effect of limiting the area of crime through crimes of harming interests by determining the category of harm. On the other hand, it was also examined that while the existence of the victim may perform a systematic critical function of restricting criminal legislation on the one hand, there is a concern that excessive crime may be expanded by interpreting and expanding the existing criminal constituent requirements in interpretation centered on the victim. Of course, even if the principle of harm is accepted, judgment based on an individual's subjective emotion of pleasure or displeasure still cannot be a complete solution in that there is a concern of arbitrary interpretation. This paper would be liked to terminate without concluding what is reasonable. Instead, would like to replace the conclusion with the effect that it is necessary to rethink the basis of “what” criminal law should be legislated clearly.

Heart on a Sleeve: An Examination of Emotions on Race Subjects in Anti-Oppressive Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

ABSTRACT Attention to leadership matters because leaders often set the tone and agenda for how academic learning occurs, is viewed, and gets valued. These agendas are influenced by social matters that turn political in conflict involving anger and sadness. Yet, emotions are not analyzed in educational leadership scholarship concerning anti-oppression and specifically race and racism subjects. As such, concerns about racial justice leadership in the current political and policy milieu warrants closely examining the role of emotion in leadership. Inspired by critical theoretical methodologies, this essay brings narrative and emotion theories in education to bear on political and policy subjects in leadership and policy, particularly those on race. The objective is to address emotion as it happens in a narrative about political and policy subjects generally, and particularly that of race and racism. This theoretical analysis demonstrates that emotions related to race matters in leadership and policy are a key. Based on this reality, advancing anti-oppressive educational leadership and policy necessitates bringing attention to a grossly neglected subject—emotion. This documentation and theoretical emotion analysis is a novel shift in how to mitigate the occupational burnout that happens during anti-oppressive education in educational leadership and policy on race subjects.

Subjective well-being and emotion regulation of employees: the inhibitory role of stress factors

Subjective well-being and emotion regulation of employees: the inhibitory role of stress factors

Age-related differences in subjective and physiological emotion evoked by immersion in natural and social virtual environments

Age-related changes in emotional processing are complex, with a bias toward positive information. However, the impact of aging on emotional responses in positive everyday situations remains unclear. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for investigating emotional processing, offering a unique balance between ecological validity and experimental control. Yet, limited evidence exists regarding its efficacy to elicit positive emotions in older adults. Our study aimed to explore age-related differences in positive emotional responses to immersion in both social and nonsocial virtual emotional environments. We exposed 34 younger adults and 24 older adults to natural and social 360-degree video content through a low immersive computer screen and a highly immersive Head-Mounted Display, while recording participants' physiological reactions. Participants also provided self-report of their emotions and sense of presence. The findings support VR’s efficacy in eliciting positive emotions in both younger and older adults, with age-related differences in emotional responses influenced by the specific video content rather than immersion level. These findings underscore the potential of VR as a valuable tool for examining age-related differences in emotional responses and developing VR applications to enhance emotional wellbeing across diverse user populations.

Exploring the applicability of a multifactor mindfulness scale in the Chinese college context.

The development of a precise and comprehensive mindfulness measurement tool is a compelling area of research due to its lack at present. This study examines the utility of a multifactor mindfulness scale, particularly the Chinese version of the Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME), among Chinese college students. Prior to formal testing, 410 subjects completed the CHIME-37, providing feedback for refinement. During formal assessment, 1,785 subjects participated, with 490 students retested after 2 months. The validity of the CHIME-37 was evaluated using various scales, including subjective well-being, psychological well-being, peace of mind, self-reflection, insight, emotion regulation, depression-anxiety-stress, and sickness questionnaire. In exploratory factor analysis of Sample 1 (n = 838), CHIME revealed 8 factors, explaining 70.696% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis in Sample 2 (n = 947) confirmed the 8-factor model's validity. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.848 to 0.914, with test-retest reliabilities ranging from 0.746 to 0.885, and split-half reliabilities ranging from 0.795 to 0.898. Total and dimension scores correlated positively with subjective well-being, psychological well-being, emotion stability, and cognitive reappraisal (p < 0.01) but negatively with physical and mental illnesses, depression-anxiety-stress, and expressive inhibition (p < 0.01). The revised CHIME demonstrates robust reliability and validity, establishing it as a suitable tool for measuring the mindfulness levels of Chinese college students.

Effect of Dairy Products on Cognitive Performance, Glycemic Response, and Subjective Emotions in Children Aged 9–14 Years

Effect of Dairy Products on Cognitive Performance, Glycemic Response, and Subjective Emotions in Children Aged 9–14 Years

Urban Perception Assessment from Street View Images Based on a Multifeature Integration Encompassing Human Visual Attention

Urban perception is a multifaceted process, spanning from vision to cognitive interpretation. Earlier studies on urban perception assessment have primarily concentrated on the analysis of graphic features of street view images such as color or semantic elements, neglecting the vital human sensory fixation features in cognitive processes. This study leveraged eye-tracking technology to accumulate human visual attention data during emotion scoring of street view images. Additionally, a deep learning network model was proposed to forecast human visual attention areas by assimilating environmental features such as image color, depth, and semantic elements, and subsequently amalgamating the aforementioned environmental features and visual attention to establish a perception prediction model, capable of predicting urban perception on a larger scale. Finally, the reliability and superiority of the urban perception prediction method were confirmed through ablation experiments and bias analysis. On the one hand, the method enhances the prediction accuracy of urban perception; on the other, it investigates the comprehensive influence of multiple features on human subjective emotions from the external environment perspective and individual perspective. This approach transcends the former limited reliance on single-image features, providing a novel and scientific approach for assessing urban perception.

Using subjective emotion, facial expression, and gaze direction to evaluate user affective experience and predict preference when playing single-player games

The affective experience generated when users play computer games can influence their attitude and preference towards the game. Existing evaluation means mainly depend on subjective scales and physiological signals. However, some limitations should not be ignored (e.g. subjective scales are not objective, and physiological signals are complicated). In this paper, we 1) propose a novel method to assess user affective experience when playing single-player games based on pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotions, facial expressions, and gaze directions, and 2) build an artificial intelligence model to identify user preference. Fifty-four subjects participated in a basketball experiment with three difficulty levels. Their expressions, gaze directions, and subjective PAD emotions were collected and analysed. Experimental results showed that the expression intensities of angry, sad, and neutral, yaw angle degrees of gaze direction, and PAD emotions varied significantly under different difficulties. Besides, the proposed model achieved better performance than other machine-learning algorithms on the collected dataset.

Capture of emotional responses under a simulated earthquake experience using near-infrared spectroscopy and virtual reality.

In a previous study, we reported that watching two-dimensional videos of earthquakes significantly reduced sympathetic nerve activity in healthy young adults. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the emotional responses to earthquakes using immersive virtual reality (VR), which can provide a more realistic experience. In total, 24 healthy young adults (12 males, 21.4 ± 0.2 years old) participated. Participants were required to watch earthquake and neutral videos while wearing a head-mounted display and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during which physiological signals, including pulse rate and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, were measured. We also analyzed changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic indices and obtained seven emotion ratings: valence, arousal, dominance, fear, astonishment, anxiety, and panic. The VR earthquake videos evoked negative subjective emotions, and the pulse rate significantly decreased. Sympathetic nerve activity tended to decrease, whereas CBF in the left prefrontal cortex showed a slight increase, although this was not significant. This study showed that measurements combined with NIRS and immersive VR have the potential to capture emotional responses to different stimuli.

An influence of menopausal symptoms on mental health, emotion perception, and quality of life: a multi-faceted approach.

The menopausal transition brings with it many physical, cognitive, and affective changes in a woman's life, impacting quality of life. Whereas prior work has examined impact on general mental health and cognitive function, research on basic affective processing during menopause remains scarce. Using a median-split procedure, this pre-registered study examined the impact of stronger (N = 46 women) vs. milder (N = 47 women) menopausal symptoms using a behavioural task of subjective emotion perception (embody) and a passive eye tracking viewing task of emotional faces in addition to self-report questionnaires. After 3 months, participants completed the questionnaires again to examine whether objective measures of emotion perception (eye tracking) might predict mental health at follow-up. As anticipated, women with stronger vs. milder menopausal symptoms reported increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, emotion regulation difficulties, and lower quality of life during both time points. While no evidence was found in the behavioural task, eye tracking data indicated blunted emotion perception in women with high menopausal symptoms, while women with low symptoms spent more time looking at happy faces relative to fearful or surprised faces. Although eye tracking or hormonal data did not predict mental health at follow-up, a higher estradiol/FSH ratio indicated a higher quality of life. This study documented an impact of the menopausal transition and strength of menopausal symptoms in particular on objective emotion perception as well as mental health and quality of life in women suffering from stronger vs. milder menopausal symptoms. Clinical implications are discussed.