Port Of Suape Research Articles

A Multi-Geochemical Characterization to Evaluate Anthropogenic Contamination in Marine Sediments from Port of Suape, Northeast of Brazil

To investigate the anthropogenic contamination of the Port of Suape, five surface sediments were collected and subjected to a geochemical characterization based on the determination of environmental biomarkers such as sterols, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and also metals and arsenic. Sterol analyses point to a moderate level of sewage contamination, while n-alkanes analyses indicated contamination by petroleum in an early stage of biodegradation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analyses pointed to a mixture of contributions for the organic matter, which were predominantly found for petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. The quantification of trace metals indicated a low risk to the environment, except for As, which was identified as displaying moderate contamination. During the analysis of all biomarkers, the sediment collected near one of the shipyards was the most affected. These results enable comprehension of the level of contamination in an important Brazilian port and the need to develop remediation policies.

Benthic Foraminifera of Tropical Estuarine-Lagoonal-Bays System, in the Suape Harbor, Brazil: A Case Study

ABSTRACT The Suape Industrial Port Complex is one of the main Brazilian public ports that has caused several geomorphological changes in Ipojuca and Suape estuarine-lagoonal-bays since its construction. The present study deals with the first status on the Suape port ecosystem, recorded from 41 sediment samples throughout the Massangana/Tatuoca and Ipojuca/Merepe estuarine systems. Species diversity values are higher in the seaward part of the bays and decreases toward the inner parts. The dominance of Ammonia tepida in the inner portions of the bays is indicative of environmental instability and pollution of coastal waters. Eggerella spp., unusual in Brazilian fauna, was present only in the innermost portion of the Tatuoca estuary, in the dredged channel, where heavy metal impacts have been reported. Amphistegina gibbosa, Triloculina oblonga, and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana are represented on the outside of the bays and are indicative of high hydrodynamic marine environments. The Ipojuca and Merepe rivers presented the highest ecological index, possibly attributed to the marine and terrestrial/mangrove influence for the region. We infer that geomorphological transformation caused by the Suape Port installation modified and established environments with distinct characteristics, mainly in the Suape Bay dredged area, indicative of possible eutrophication of this environment. The new data may be useful for determining environmental conditions and establishing new ways to monitor the consequences of anthropogenic interference and dredging in the Massangana/Tatuoca and Ipojuca/Merepe estuarine systems.

Reconstructing the history of environmental impact in a tropical mangrove ecosystem: A case study from the Suape port-industrial complex, Brazil

Mangrove ecosystems can record biogeochemical and sedimentary signatures in their stratigraphic column. This study examines a mangrove sediment core to evaluate the potential environmental impact of a large-scale port-industrial construction in a tropical lagoonal–estuary near Recife, NE Brazil. Here, we measure sediment accretionrate (SAR), carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), total organic matter (TOM), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and carbonate content (CaCO 3) to determine the impact of Suape’s Port-Industrial Complex in the adjacent estuarine system. We identify a high SAR (1.37 cm yr −1) and propose three main depositional phases in the 82 cm sediment core. The first phase (circa 1956–1973) corresponds to the period prior to the installation of the Suape port complex, where the sediments are characterized by containing sand and organic material derived from terrestrial sources. The second phase (c. 1976–1986) shows signatures that reflect the installation of the Suape port complex and the intensification of the sugarcane monoculture in the catchment area. This phase shows an increase of mud and carbonate content, interpreted as a predominance of marine sediment source due to the morphological changes along the estuary. The third and final phase (c. 1986–2015) contains fluctuating results, reflecting an increase of land use, but not as intense as the period after the installation of the port complex (phase 2). Our results show a biogeochemical and sediment signature shifts directly related to anthropogenic impacts and natural factors. Overall, this study reveals a shift in the sediment sources and composition in the Suape estuarine system as a consequence of human development adjacent to estuarine areas and the resilience of mangrove ecosystems to adapt to anthropogenic impact.

Methodology for Maritime Risk Assessment in Ports due to Meteo-oceanographic Factors: The Case of the port of Suape, Brazil.

Exploring the effects of meteo-oceanographic (MO) events on ships' maneuverability and safety has great potential, since most maritime accidents occur in confined waters, where the speed of ships is low, and the forces of wind and current on ships have particular importance. Therefore, we put forward a methodology that will be used to qualify and classify the risks caused by MO factors to how ships maneuver, dock or undock in a port. The objective is to generate important information for managing risk. The methodology is validated and illustrated step-by-step by applying it in Suape, one of the most important ports in Brazil, where the docking of larger tankers (e.g., Suezmax) was not allowed until recently when dredging was done to fit the specifications of such ships, thereby expanding the port's operations. MO data on Suape were collected and recorded from September 2016 to November 2017 and used for the application. Based on expert opinion and discussion with a Suape pilot, 36 accidental scenarios (ASs) were identified and categorized using preliminary hazard analysis. From these, the seven most severe ASs were selected so as to assess in more detail the frequency and consequences of accidents on human health, the environment, and property, for which the MO statistics for the likelihood of an accident and/or dispersal of an oil spill were used. The results show that the methodology is viable to assess risks caused by bad weather and to communicate these to pilots and competent authorities, thus improving the safety of operations.

Morphological abnormalities in Acartia lilljeborgii Giesbrecht (1889) (Copepoda, Calanoida) in a tropical estuary under industrial development

Morphological abnormalities in crustaceans have been registered and several are attributed to pollution and others anthropogenic activities. This study reports for the first time a temporal record of the amount and variety of morphological abnormalities in Acartia lilljeborgii, in an impacted neotropical estuary. The specimens were obtained from Suape port area, Northeast Brazil, between May 2009 and September 2010 using a 300 µm plankton net. Seven types of abnormalities were observed in one of the terminal spines of the prosome, but no temporal variation of abnormalities was found in our study. The deformities were registered in 85.7% of samples and they were found in up to 10% of the individuals (3.2 ± 2.9%). The proportion of females with abnormalities was greater than for males, in opposite to most previous reports. Due to its high distribution and abundance in part of the neotropical Atlantic coastal area, A. lilljeborgii has the potential to be used as a bioindicator of environmental conditions, although the reasons of the abnormality occurrences should be accurately investigated.

Geochemical background indicators within a tropical estuarine system influenced by a port-industrial complex

This study aims to determine the background values for metals in the Suape estuarine system, Brazil, and to identify contamination caused by anthropogenic sources. Two cores were sampled. Sedimentation rates and metal content were analysed. The Al-normalized method was used to infer the background values, and to identify anthropic influences, the enrichment and contamination factors and the geoaccumulation index were employed. The results revealed an Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, Pb, Sr, Ti, Mg, V and Fe content (mg kg−1) of 101.8, 5.7, 24.4, 8.3, 14.5, 41.9, 2744.6, 4581, 14.9 and ~ 1% respectively. After the installation of the Suape port, an increase in metal contents and in fluxes were recorded. Increases in Zn, Ga, V and Pb are supported by the indexes showing moderate contamination, enrichment and suggest an area moderately polluted. The other studied metals do not reflect an anthropogenic impact, with low values of contamination, enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indexes.

SOIL CORROSIVITY ON API5LX60 CARBON STEEL AROUND THE REGION OF PORT OF SUAPE, PE, BRAZIL: INFLUENCE OF SOIL TEXTURE AND ASSOCIATED MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

This study evaluates the soil corrosivity of API5LX60 carbon steel buried in two different soil textures from the area of Port of Suape - PE / BRAZIL under the influence of the soil’s associated microbial community. The evaluation of the corrosivity of both types of soil was based on the Steinrath Index. The Clayey soil was considered highly aggressive and the sandy soil of low aggressiveness. The evaluation of pitting corrosion showed similar average pit depth for both soils. The DGGE / PCR technique indicated that the clayey soil presented greater microbial diversity.

Biodegradation of marine fuel MF-380 by microbial consortium isolated from seawater near the petrochemical Suape Port, Brazil

This work aimed to study the biodegradation of marine fuel MF-380 by selected microbial consortium and to determine the most favorable conditions for this process. Initially, strains isolated from seawater of the port of Suape – PE were subjected to a test to assess the occurrence of microbial interactions and then microbial consortia were mounted and the most promising consortium was selected by redox indicators. The strains of the selected consortium were acclimated to increasing levels of marine fuel MF-380 (1%, 2% and 3%, v v−1) and NaCl (1%, 2% and 3%, w v−1). Subsequently, it was applied a full factorial 23 experimental design to investigate the influence of variables (temperature, pH, C: N ratio) in the biodegradation process and finally an experiment in a bioreactor employing the best conditions found in the experimental design. Consortium named C5 was the most promising and reached as best result a total hydrocarbon biodegradation of 93.5% in the experimental design and reached levels of degradation optimized on trial in the bioreactor for the constituents of the marine fuel MF-380. Therefore, the consortium C5 is capable of degrading marine fuel MF-380 and can be used as a bioremediation agent of environments polluted by this fuel.

Transporte de cabotagem no Porto de Suape, Pernambuco: uma pesquisa exploratória

A utilização de contêineres tem reflexos expressivos no volume de produtos movimentados para importação e exportação nos portos brasileiros. Nesse sentido, a movimentação de cargas via cabotagem tem-se mostrado uma alternativa viável para o transporte de cargas no país. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os fatores de competitividade das empresas de cabotagem do Porto de Suape, Pernambuco. Para tanto, aplicou-se um questionário para coleta de dados em empresas clientes do porto e uma análise estatística para a obtenção de um diagnóstico sobre este modal. Os resultados fornecem uma visão dos clientes quanto à cabotagem, assim como dos aspectos que trazem diferenciação à atividade principal de transporte realizada pelo armador e que têm maior importância para os clientes. Tais resultados permitem aos armadores reavaliar sua estratégia de atuação no mercado e, aos clientes, uma visão ampla, que auxiliará na tomada de decisão em relação à estratégia de transporte escolhida.

English

This work aimed to study the effect of gamma radiation on the production of enzymes by filamentous fungi present in the seawater used for thermoelectric Termope S / A, in the vicinity of Port of Suape, Pernambuco. The isolated microorganisms were screened for their ability to produce enzymes. Subsequently, the fungi were irradiated at 3 doses (500, 1000 and 1500 Gy), using 4 inoculation techniques: lyophilisation, scraping of the spores, glass beads and agarose block. A fermentation assay for enzyme production was made in simple batch using a bioreactor New Brunswick, model Bioflo 110. The best enzyme produced was lignin peroxidase (676 U/L) by Aspergillus awamori in 500 Gy dose. Manganese peroxidase enzyme (1720 U / L), produced by three species of fungi (Penicillium sp.), was the highest in 500 Gy dose. Aspergillus terreus produced laccase enzyme (980 U/L) better in 500 Gy dose. In the assay of the fermentation bioreactor, the best results were found in BH-amid corn steep liquor, where 650 U/L of laccase was produced at the baseline and also in the medium containing corn steep liquor, where 620 U/L laccase was produced during 72 h. This is better than Sabouraud. The use of gamma radiation increased the production of enzymes by filamentous fungi compared to tests without radiation. Statistical analysis shows there are no significant differences between the inoculation techniques, and the best dose of radiation tested was 500 Gy. In trial bioreactor containing Bushnell Haas + corn steep, Penicillium sp. produced larger amounts of phenoloxidases enzymes compared to Sabouraud medium. Irradiation in a dose of 500 Gy stimulates A. awamori, A. terreus and Penicillium sp. to produce phenoloxidases enzymes. Key words: Aspergillus, penicillium, corn steep, radiation.

Geotechnical Characterization of Suape Soft Clays, Brazil

Comprehensive research has been carried out by the Geotechnical Group (GEGEP) of the Federal University of Pernambuco in the soft clay deposits in Northeastern Brazil near the city of Recife. This paper presents the results of important geotechnical investigations of soft clays in two areas within the Suape Port and Industrial Complex. The geotechnical parameters were obtained from laboratory (classification, compressibility and strength) and in situ (SPT, vane and CPTU) tests, and were compared with regional empirical correlations and proposals presented in literature. The vane tests were performed to obtain undrained strength and overconsolidation ratio parameters. The classifications for soil behavior, together with flow characteristics, strength and overconsolidation ratio parameters, were determined by piezocone tests. The results are compared with results from reference tests, and discussed with results from the literature, including the results of Recife and other Brazilian clays. This study confirms that parameters can be obtained by means of in situ tests with correlations suited to the local/regional experience and the importance of having a joint laboratory and in situ test program. This prediction is fundamental for a proper geotechnical site characterization in studies and engineering projects.

Biological Impacts of the Port Complex of Suape on Benthic Reef Communities (Pernambuco–Brazil)

ABSTRACT Costa, D.L.; Santos, A.M.; da Silva, A.F.; Padilha, R.M.; Nogueira, V.O.; Wanderlei, E.B.; Belanger, D.; Gomes, P.B., and Perez, C.D., 2014. Biological impacts of the port complex of Suape on benthic reef communities (Pernambuco–Brazil). The construction of Suape's port in 1979 divided a natural reef line into two reefs (Suape and Muro Alto) and generated changes in the hydrodynamics along the coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil. We compared the composition of the macrobenthic communities on the two reefs to determine how they were affected by the construction of the port. Two seasonal collections were made along each reef utilizing the band transect, totalizing 144 transects. Of 47 taxa found, 11 were exclusive to Suape and two to Muro Alto. The Suape reef demonstrated the greatest richness (F1,126 = 54.634, p < 0.001) and a significantly different faunal composition (analysis of similarity: r = 0.534, p < 0.001). Analyses (three-way, full factorial analysis of covariance) indicated that the reef ...

Regional movements of the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, off northeastern Brazil: inferences regarding shark attack hazard

An abnormally high shark attack rate verified off Recife could be related to migratory behavior of tiger sharks. This situation started after the construction of the Suape port to the south of Recife. A previous study suggested that attacking sharks could be following northward currents and that they were being attracted shoreward by approaching vessels. In this scenario, such northward movement pattern could imply a higher probability of sharks accessing the littoral area of Recife after leaving Suape. Pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on five tiger sharks caught off Recife to assess their movement patterns off northeastern Brazil. All tags transmitted from northward latitudes after 7-74 days of freedom. The shorter, soak distance between deployment and pop-up locations ranged between 33-209 km and implied minimum average speeds of 0.02-0.98 km.h-1. Both pop-up locations and depth data suggest that tiger shark movements were conducted mostly over the continental shelf. The smaller sharks moved to deeper waters within 24 hours after releasing, but they assumed a shallower (< 50 m) vertical distribution for most of the monitoring period. While presenting the first data on tiger shark movements in the South Atlantic, this study also adds new information for the reasoning of the high shark attack rate verified in this region.

Water toxicity assessment in the Suape estuarine complex (PE-Brazil)

The Suape estuarine complex (PE, Brazil) is located close to an industrial port complex of Suape which has been responsible for altering the geomorphologic and hydrological conditions of the area. As the industrial port of Suape represents a possible source of pollution through the use and transport of chemical substances, the present research aimed to evaluate if the surface water of the estuarine complex in Suape shows chronic toxicity based on the embryo larval development of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Six sampling points were established between the estuaries of the rivers Massangana and Tatuoca. Samples of surface water from the area were collected on May, August, October and December of 2007. Chronic toxicity was observed in the six points and it varied depending on the month. The highest level of toxicity was on October when it was detected at all six points. The results showed that the water of the river Massangana was the most probable source of pollution in the area studied during this period.

An Impact Analysis from Institutional Intervention at Suape Port in Brazil

This paper aims to apply, to the maritime ports demands in Brazil, the intervention impacts technique, purposed by (Box, G. E. P. e Tiao, G. (1975), Intervention Analysis with Applications to Economic and Environmental problems, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 70-79). As result, we conclude that the port demand loss some demand in some type of interventions.

A (re)produção do espaço capitalista nas áreas de grandes empreendimentos: uma análise comparativa entre os conflitos socioambientais nos Complexos Portuários do Açu e de Suape

The North Fluminense Region has undergone significant transformation in recent decades. Currently, the oil-producing region is also host of the biggest portindustry enterprise in Latin America: the Industrial Complex of Acu Superport, still under construction, and located in the southern portion of the city of Sao Joao da Barra, who has been suffering with the transformation of their rural are in industrial expansion area, which has generated environmental conflicts such as expropriation of small producers, disruption of family agriculture, ecosystem impacts on the sandbank and about fishing. Another venture observed here and also designed as industrial port is the Port Complex of Suape, located 40 km from Recife, Pernambuco. Conceived in order to not only meet the demand of the region, but being able to generate new demands, Suape has been consolidated as a key economic development of the state. In this sense, the present work aims to make a comparative analysis between the (potential and existing) effects of the construction of the Port of Acu and the changes occurring in the catchment area of the Port of Suape, as the expropriation of traditional populations, the exodus rural, the population growth and social tension related to the control of natural resources.

The (RE) production of space in the areas of capitalist big projects: a comparative analysis between the conflict in social and environmental Complex and Port of Açu Suape

The North Fluminense Region has undergone significant transformation in 58 Nina Maria de Souza Barreto, Luiz de Pinedo Quinto Junior Boletim do Observatorio Ambiental Alberto Ribeiro Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, v. 6 n. 1, p. 57-67, jan. / jun. 2012 recent decades. Currently, the oil-producing region is also host of the biggest portindustry enterprise in Latin America: the Industrial Complex of Acu Superport, still under construction, and located in the southern portion of the city of Sao Joao da Barra, who has been suffering with the transformation of their rural are in industrial expansion area, which has generated environmental conflicts such as expropriation of small producers, disruption of family agriculture, ecosystem impacts on the sandbank and about fishing. Another venture observed here and also designed as industrial port is the Port Complex of Suape, located 40 km from Recife, Pernambuco. Conceived in order to not only meet the demand of the region, but being able to generate new demands, Suape has been consolidated as a key economic development of the state. In this sense, the present work aims to make a comparative analysis between the (potential and existing) effects of the construction of the Port of Acu and the changes occurring in the catchment area of the Port of Suape, as the expropriation of traditional populations, the exodus rural, the population growth and social tension related to the control of natural resources.

Zonación vertical del macrobentos de sustratos sólidos del estuario del río Massangana, Bahía de Suape, Pernambuco, Brasil

El área estuarina del río Massangana (Pernambuco, Brasil) está sujeta a diversas intervenciones antropomórficas resultantes de las actividades del Complejo Industrial y Portuario de Suape, que pueden afectar las comunidades bióticas. Con esa perspectiva, este estudio tuvo como finalidad verificar la composición de la macrofauna bentónica de los sustratos sólidos, en su gradiente de distribución vertical, que sirva de referencia para futuros monitoreos biológicos relacionados a los cambios que pueden ocurrir en el complejo portuario. Se colectaron los invertebrados presentes en un área de 519 m² y su distribución en los sustratos biogénicos y abiogénicos es mostrada en el siguiente trabajo. Fueron encontradas 79 especies presentes principalmente en los mangles y distribuidas en tres zonas del intermareal: Chthamaletum, delimitando el supralitoral, "zona balanoide", conteniendo cirripedios y ostras, en la región intermareal media, y el Bostrychietum, en la región inferior. Esta distribución coincidió en forma general, con el patrón brasileño e internacional de distribución vertical de los invertebrados de manglares. La presencia de sustrato rocoso y la alta salinidad posibilitó la aparición de 28 especies, incluyendo el coral Siderastrea stellata en un área estuarina. La ampliación de la distribución en el litoral brasileño del bivalvo Isognomon alatus, del cirripedio Amphibalanus reticulatus y de los briozoos Biflustra savartii, Bowerbankia gracilis y Conopeum reticulum fue justificada por la proximidad con el Puerto de Suape, facilitada por el transporte pasivo en las embarcaciones. La distribución esparcida de los organismos incrustantes en los sustratos y la ausencia de animales característicos de este ecosistema, como los mejillones, muestran señales de que el ambiente ya sufre algún estrés, resultado de las diversas intervenciones antropomórficas que están aconteciendo.

The behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden) in Pernambuco coastal waters, Brazil, and a further analysis of its reaction to boat traffic

There is still little knowledge about the behavior of the estuarine dolphins and also the way they react to the presence of different types of vessels. The aim of the present study was twofold: to investigate the behavior of estuarine dolphins in four locations in Pernambuco, Brazil, and also their reaction to the presence of common types of nautical crafts. The data of this study resulted from 48 fieldtrips to each of the four localities studied (ports of Recife and Suape, and beaches of Bairro Novo and Piedade), thus totaling 192 days of observations, with approximately 380 hours of actual sampling. Ten types of behavioral activities were counted for Bairro Novo beach and the port areas, but only four for Piedade beach. The greatest flows of boats were recorded in the port of Recife. Fishing boats were the commonest type in the port area of Recife and Bairro Novo beach, while tourist vessels predominated in the port of Suape and Piedade beach. During the observations of encounters between these boats and the estuarine dolphins, neutral reactions predominated for all the vessel types studied. The same type of reaction predominated when the distances at which the interactions between the animals and vessels occurred were correlated.

Biodegradation of diesel oil by yeasts isolated from the vicinity of suape port in the state of Pernambuco - Brazil

The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of the diesel oil degrading yeasts to use them in bioremediation of areas contaminated by this pollutant. The cultures, identified as Rhodotorula aurantiaca UFPEDA 845 and Candida ernobii UFPEDA 862, were selected at the initial stage. In the course of the biodegradation assays, C. ernobii degraded tetradecane, 5 methyl-octane and octadecane completely and decane (60.8%) and nonane (21.4%) partially whilst R. aurantiaca presented degradation percentages of 93% for decane, 38.4% for nonane and 22.9% for dodecane.