Styrene-maleic Anhydride Copolymer Research Articles

Fabrication of PVA-based electromagnetic interference shielding composite film by improving the dispersibility of carbon nanomaterial via m-LDH modification

A good dispersion of carbon (C) nanoparticles is a crucial factor to ensure good electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) performance of polymer-based composite films. In the present work, water-dispersed monolayer layered double hydroxides (m-LDH) was used to modify the C nanoparticles via an in-situ growth method and applied as the conductive fillers for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films. The prepared C@m-LDH hybrids displayed good water dispersibility due to the in-situ growth of m-LDH with high dispersibility and small particle size on the surface of C nanoparticles, as well as the synergistic effect of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer attached to the m-LDH surface. The property testing experiments for the PVA composite films demonstrated that compared with pristine C nanoparticles, as-prepared C@m-LDH hybrids exhibited greatly enhanced the electrical conductivity and higher EMI SE performance. Moreover, PVA/C@m-LDH composite film exhibit remarkably low permeation thresholds, especially PVA/CB@m-LDH composite film, CB@m-LDH content is only 0.4 wt%. In order to further improve the electrical conductivity and EMI SE performance, hybrid fillers of CB@m-LDH/CNT@m-LDH were added in the composite films with different mass ratios. Among, the polymer composite films containing 30 wt% CB@m-LDH/CNT@m-LDH with a mass ratio of 12:1 achieves a high EMI SE value up to 29 dB at a thickness of 0.2 mm, indicating the potential use of these materials for electromagnetic shielding application in the X-band frequency region. The present study paves the way for designing high-performance polymer-based composite film by Cnanoparticles functionalization and altering processing conditions for efficient microwave shielding material.

Recognition and detection of histamine in foods using aptamer modified fluorescence polymer dots sensors

Histamine has been known as a momentous cause of biogenic amine poisoning. Therefore, the content of histamine in foods is strictly required to be controlled within a certain range. Here, an aptamer fluorescent sensor was developed for detection of histamine. Poly [(9, 9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2, 7-diyl)-alt-(benzo [2,1,3] thiadia-zol-4, 8-diyl)] (PF8BT) and the styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (PSMA) were used for the preparation of PF8BT-Polymer dots (PF8BT-Pdots). PF8BT-Pdots and the cyanine3-phosphoramidite (Cy3) were linked through aptamer to achieve the ratiometric detection for histamine. PF8BT-Pdots were partly quenched by Cy3 due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), when the histamine molecule was recognized by aptamer on the surface of PF8BT-Pdots. A linear range (3–21 μmol/L) was obtained for histamine detection with a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.38 μmol/L). PF8BT aptamer Pdots (PF8BT-A) were used to detect histamine in simply treated aquaculture water and tuna. The cell imaging of HeLa cells presented a good biosecurity and outstanding fluorescent imaging capability of PF8BT-A. The aptamer fluorescent sensors provided a new platform for rapid and accurate detection of histamine in aquatic products and had great potential for the application in food safety and quality control.

One-Step Synthesis of Polyethyleneimine-Grafted Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Adsorbents for Effective Adsorption of Anionic Dyes.

Wastewater containing organic dyes has become one of the important challenges in water treatment due to its high salt content and resistance to natural degradation. In this work, a novelty adsorbent, PEI-SMA, was prepared by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) through an amidation reaction. The various factors, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature, which may affect the adsorption of PEI-SMA for Reactive Black 5 (RB5), were systematically investigated by static adsorption experiments. The adsorption process of PEI-SMA for RB5 was more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting a single-layer chemisorption. PEI-SMA exhibits excellent adsorption performance for RB5 dye, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1749.19 mg g-1 at pH = 2. Additionally, PEI-SMA exhibited highly efficient RB5 competitive adsorption against coexisting Cl- and SO42- ions and cationic dyes. The adsorption mechanism was explored, and it can be explained as the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction. This study demonstrates that PEI-SMA could act as a high performance and promising candidate for the effective adsorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Stable-dispersed organic/inorganic hybrids for enhanced comprehensive performances of vinyl ester resin

The heavy anticorrosive coating industry demands coatings with exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance to withstand the challenges of severe corrosion environments. Incorporating graphene with barrier function into vinyl ester resins (VER) to achieve above-mentioned performances enhancements has garnered considerable attention. Herein, a novel solvent-free, nearly 100 % raw materials utilization polyfunctional acrylate (SMAGO-VER) has been developed by using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and GO covalent cross-linked hybrid (SMAGO) and acrylic coring-opening epoxy resin. SMAGO exhibited well stability and dispersibility in the resin system. The composite coating containing SMAGO-VER showed enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance due to the synergistic effect of copolymer and GO. The mechanism of enhancement was elucidated through various evaluation methods such as electrochemistry and equivalent circuit model. To conclude, this approach provides an effective strategy to address the limitations of traditional VER materials for better application in the field of heavy anticorrosive coatings.

Improved Electrical Properties of Organic Modified Thermoplastic Insulation Material for Direct Current Cable Application.

To achieve exceptional recyclable DC cable insulation material using thermoplastic polypropylene (PP), we have introduced the organic polar molecule styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) into PP-based insulation materials following the principles of deep trap modification. PP, PP/SMA, PP/ethylene-octene copolymer (POE), and PP/POE/SMA insulating samples were prepared, and their meso-morphology, crystalline morphology, and molecular structure were comprehensively characterized. The results indicate that SMA can be uniformly dispersed in PP with minimal impact on the crystalline morphology of PP. The DC electrical properties of the materials were tested at temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 °C. The findings demonstrate that the introduction of SMA can improve the DC properties of the material in both PP and PP/POE. The thermal stimulated depolarization current results reveal that SMA can introduce deep traps into the material, thereby improving its DC properties, which is in agreement with the quantum chemical calculation results. Subsequently, a bipolar carrier transport model was employed for coaxial cables to simulate the space charge distribution in the insulation layer of the four sets of insulation samples as well as the actual cable in service. The results highlight that SMA can significantly suppress space charge in PP and PP/POE systems, and it exhibits excellent electric field distortion resistance. In summary, the results illustrate that SMA is expected to be used as an organic deep trap modifier in PP-based cable insulation materials.

Fabrication of an electrically conductive separation layer with stable nanonetworks for efficient removal of heavy metals under an external voltage

Positively charged nanofiltration membrane shows great potentials in removing heavy metal ions from wastewater, but excellent separation and antifouling properties remain a challenge. Herein, a novel nanocomposite membrane with a dual-charged electrically conductive separation layer was fabricated by combining phase inversion, vacuum filtration and chemical crosslinking. The microstructure of PSF/sodium styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMANa) composite membranes was systematically manipulated by adjusting the intermolecular binding state of SMA. Subsequently, various deposition layers were generated on the membrane surface by tuning the CNT/rGO ratios, and polyethylenimine (PEI) was also introduced by crosslinking with tannic acid (TA). The optimized membrane possessed a dual-charged separation layer with excellent conductivity and stable three-dimensional (3D) nanonetworks, and acted as cathode to achieve outstanding rejections of Cu2+(92.9%), Ni2+ (99.0%), Pb2+ (99.9%) and Cd2+ (99.5%) at a -3V voltage, with the permeate fluxes of 14.4～18.6 L/m2 h bar. This is ascribed to the synergistic effect among the electroreduction of metal ions, the chemical reaction with OH− to form hydroxides, the chelation with –OH and –NH2 groups, and the adsorption-induced electrostatic repulsion. Importantly, it also displayed superior stability over multiple runs and outstanding antifouling performances owing to the superposition of electrochemistry effect and stable hydration layers.

Constructing flame retardant silica nanoparticles through styrene maleic anhydride copolymer grafting for PC/ABS composites

Organic-inorganic hybrid particles have been prepared by grafting styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) onto reactive amino-modified silica nanoparticles. The SMA modified SiO2 (SMA-SiO2) was incorporated into polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites (4:1, wt%/wt%) with bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) to simultaneously improve the mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The mechanical properties of the sample containing SMA-SiO2 are apparently improved compared with that of samples containing unmodified SiO2. It is found that SMA-SiO2 tends to distribute at the phase interface of PC/ABS, and therefore improves the compatibility between PC and ABS. Besides, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and the total smoke production (TSP) of the PC/ABS composites are decreased by the presence of SMA-SiO2. It is suggested that SMA-SiO2 can form a flame retarding shell at the phase interface to protect ABS. In summary, both the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of PC/ABS composites are significantly improved due to the selective distribution of SMA-SiO2.

Modified styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer-based chromatographic stationary phase for phospholipid separation and analysis

Phospholipids are important signaling molecules, and their metabolism is closely related to various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Phospholipids are typically characterized with extreme complexity and structural diversity. For example, phospholipids present in many different forms, such as sn position isomers, double-bond position isomers, double-bond stereochemical isomers, and enantiomers. Therefore, further research on novel separation and analytical techniques for phospholipids is of great importance. As an amphiphilic alternating copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) can be inserted into the phospholipid bilayer of biofilms to form lipid nanodisks with membrane proteins as the centers, thereby solubilizing membrane proteins and phospholipids. Thus, the introduction of SMA into a chromatographic stationary phase can potentially improve the separation and analysis of phospholipids. In this paper, SMA was successfully grafted onto the surface of silica gel via the "click" reaction and free radical polymerization. After further ring-opening modification of SMA with methyl methionine hydrochloride (MME·HCl), a novel SMA-modified stationary phase material (Sil-SMA-MME) was fabricated. The Sil-SMA-MME stationary phase was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the results indicated the successful fabrication of the target material. The retention mechanism of the packed Sil-SMA-MME chromatographic column was investigated using hydrophilic nucleosides and nucleic acid bases via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV detection. According to the retention characteristics of the nucleosides and nucleic acid bases in different mobile phases, the Sil-SMA-MME chromatographic column exhibited a typical hydrophilic-interaction-based retention mechanism, similar to that of a commercially available amino (SiO2-NH2) column. The separation performance of the Sil-SMA-MME column was evaluated using three types of small-molecule substances, including amides, nucleoside/nucleic acid bases, and phenols. Cyanoacetamide, 2-iodoacetamide, benzamide, p-aminobenzamide, and nicotinamide were used to evaluate the chromatographic performance of the developed Sil-SMA-MME column. When acetonitrile-H2O (96∶4, v/v) was used as the mobile phase, the five compounds exhibited good peak shapes and could be baseline-separated within 8 min. The highest column efficiency achieved was 90900 N/m. By contrast, under the same chromatographic conditions, the test substances were not separated effectively on the SiO2-NH2 column. Regardless of the mobile phase ratio, the peaks of benzamide and 2-iodoacetamide overlapped. These results demonstrate that the developed Sil-SMA-MME column has good separation selectivity. The separation performance of the Sil-SMA-MME column for phospholipid samples was also investigated by HPLC and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) to explore its feasibility for phospholipid separation and analysis. Different phospholipid standards were used to evaluate the separation performance of the column. Under certain mobile phase conditions, baseline separation could be achieved for dipalmityl phosphatidyl serine sodium (DPPS), diolyl phosphatidyl choline (DOPC), and dipalmityl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE), as well as four phosphatidyl choline (PC) standards, namely, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), distearyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC), and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC). The separation potential of the developed Sil-SMA-MME column was further evaluated by separating and analyzing phospholipid extracts from Antarctic krill oil and human serum. The results showed that the developed Sil-SMA-MME column has good potential for phospholipid separation and analysis.

Grafting α-aminoketone to SMA via highly efficient amide bond and their performances as macrophotoinitiators

Water-soluble macrophotoinitiators that can realize a high photoactivity together with low migration in waterborne photopolymerization systems are very necessary. However, the precise, highly efficient preparation of macrophotoinitiators remains a substantial challenge, such as grafting side chains according to stoichiometric ratios. Herein, based on styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) prepared by photopolymerization, water soluble macrophotoinitiators SMA5k-Ns and SMA13k-Ns series with controllable structure were successfully prepared through the amino bond of α-aminoketone small-molecule photoinitiator with maleic anhydride moieties. All of them exhibited excellent water dispersion properties, and solution photopolymerizations investigation showed they can be used as photoinitiators for radical polymerization with high conversion (up to 95%) in waterborne systems under LED@365–405 nm. Furthermore, the migration stabilities of these photoinitiators in photocured hydrogels were better than those of commercial photoinitiators. High efficiency and low migration make them have great potential applications in food packaging and biological materials.

Nanophase separated, grafted alternate copolymer styrene-maleic anhydride as an efficient room temperature solid state lithium ion conductor

All solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) based on polymer solid electrolyte and lithium metal anode have attracted much attention due to their high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, the low ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor mechanical properties of the solid polymer electrolyte result in increased polarization and poor cycling stability of the Li metal batteries. In order to improve the ionic conductivity at room temperature while maintaining mechanical strength, we combine the conductivity of short chain polyethylene oxide (PEO) and strength of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) to obtain a grafted block copolymer with nanophase separation structure, which has room temperature ionic conductivity up to 1.14 × 10−4 S/cm and tensile strength up to 1.4 MPa. Li||Li symmetric cell can work stably for more than 1500 h under the condition of 0.1 mA/cm2. Li||LiFePO4 full cells can deliver a high capacity of 151.4 mAh/g at 25 °C and 0.2 C/0.2 C charge/discharge conditions, showing 85.6% capacity retention after 400 cycles. Importantly, the all solid state Li||LiFePO4 pouch cell shows excellent safety performance under different abuse conditions. These results demonstrate that the nanophase separated, grafted alternate copolymer electrolyte has huge potential for application in Li metal batteries.

Enhancing dye removal and antifouling properties of conductive polyethersulfone nanocomposite membranes by analogous zwitterion-functionalized separation layers with tunable surface-charge orientation

Membrane separation has been demonstrated to have enormous potential for alleviating the global scarcity of clean water. However, membrane fouling extremely limits its applications, and on-demand and precise molecular separation is very challenging for traditional membranes. Here, a novel smart voltage-gated membrane with an analogous zwitterion-functionalized separation layer is prepared by combining blending, surface segregation and co-deposition. Intriguingly, amphiphilic sodium styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMANa) anchored on CNTs not only promotes their dispersion in the membrane but also enhances the electroconductivity through the synergistic ionic-electronic conducting effect. More importantly, positively and negatively charged molecular chains mounted on the membrane surface could form different “electric double” layers in response to the voltage stimuli. Consequently, the optimized membrane as the cathode exhibits superior permeations and separations of Congo red (99.9 %, 313.6 L/m2·h·bar) and indigo carmine (96.9 %, 420 L/m2·h·bar), and as the anode displays outstanding permeations and separations of methyl green (98 %, 381.6 L/m2·h·bar), crystal violet (95.7 %, 368.2 L/m2·h·bar) and methyl orange (94.6 %, 166.4 L/m2·h·bar) due to the effective combination of size sieving, electro-enhanced electrostatic repulsion and adsorption-induced electrostatic repulsion effects. Simultaneously, high flux recovery ratios are also achieved due to the superposition of a stable hydration layer and electrochemistry, indicating excellent antifouling properties.

Imidization of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer for dispersing nano-SiO2 in water

Imidization of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer for dispersing nano-SiO2 in water

Microcapsule by In Situ Polymerization: An Experiment Integrating Polymer Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis

Reported herein is a chemistry experiment integrating polymer chemistry and instrumental analysis for the juniors majoring in chemistry. This experiment has a different scheduling framework than traditional experiments with a fixed lab period and schedule. The students arrange their experiment flexibly and individually. Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was used to stabilize hexadecanol emulsion, followed by microencapsulation through in situ polymerization of formaldehyde-melamine. The obtained microcapsules are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gas chromatography (GC). This experiment enables the students to understand the concepts of polymeric surfactant, condensation reaction, and in situ polymerization. Furthermore, this experiment is beneficial to cultivate their practical ability of handling modern instruments. The flexibility and versatility significantly enhance the applicability of this experiment and the likelihood of widespread adaptation.

Low Dielectric Constant Characteristics of Styrene and Maleimide Anhydride Copolymer with Modification for High Frequency Application of Printed Circuit Board.

Recently, due to the intensive and fast progress of the high frequency wireless communication environment, including 5th generation (5G) wireless communication, more robust substrate for printed circuit board (PCB) application, especially with less power consumption, is required. In this study, modified resins based on styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer were prepared and evaluated as binder resin to accomplish a low dielectric constant or relative permittivity (εr: <3.0) substrate for the PCB application under ultrahigh frequencies (UHF; 1 GHz~9.4 GHz). The low εr dielectric characteristics of the modified SMA copolymer could be correlated with effects from the stereo-structure of carbon chains or conformational orientation, where the degree of crystallization was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Prepreg films of the low εr modified SMA copolymers and their compounds with epoxy resins were also characterized in terms of dielectric loss or dissipation factor (Df), which have shown more noticeable relation with their stereo-structures as well.

Graphene oxide-doped poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) for high-energy supercapacitors

Reliable energy-storage materials that can provide enhanced capacitance with good cycling stability along with improved energy and power densities are exceedingly relevant in the commercial arena to attenuate the prevalent energy shortage. Polymers with structural flexibility and good mechanical and thermal stability can be coupled with carbon-based additives to obtain an electrochemical platform for energy storage without compromising on the required thermal and mechanical attributes. Here, a styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer was modified with a diamine to form a polyimide. The samples were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to understand and investigate the spectral, morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the polymer nanocomposites. Efficacious intercalation of graphene oxide resulted in the formation of polymer nanocomposites that can act as excellent supercapacitor electrodes with a high specific capacitance of 700 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an energy and a power density of 129.23 Wh/kg and 5572 W/kg, respectively.

Effect of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer on Properties of PBST/PLA Blends.

Poly(butylene succinate-butylene terephthalate) (PBST) and polylactic acid (PLA) are both biodegradable polymeric materials. PBST has good ductility but low strength, while PLA exhibits high strength but poor toughness. Based on the complementary mechanical properties of the two polymers, PBST/PLA blends were prepared by melt blending in the mixing chamber of a torque rheometer using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (PSMA) as a compatibilizer. The effects of different contents of PSMA on the crystalline properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, rheological behavior, and morphology of PBST/PLA blends were investigated. The results showed that the addition of PSMA improved the compatibility between PBST and PLA. When the amount of PSMA is 3-4 wt%, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the blends are optimal, and the tensile strength was increased by 61.7% compared with the binary blend without PSMA. Additionally, rheological tests illustrated that the blends exhibited a typical shear-thinning behavior and belonged to pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids.

One-step fabrication of robust polyvinyl chloride loose nanofiltration membranes by synthesizing a novel polyether amine grafted styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer

Loose nanofiltration membrane possesses obvious advantages for treating textile wastewater to recycle the useful resources. However, the increasingly complicated composition of wastewater has raised significant challenges to the efficient separation of dye/salt mixtures and antifouling properties. Herein, a novel polyether amine grafted styrene-maleic anhydride polymer (SMA-g-PEA) was synthesized and utilized as the additive for fabricating PVC-based loose nanofiltration membranes. Segregated amphiphilic SMA-g-PEA in the membrane formation created uniform macropores on the surface due to its pore-forming ability, and the self-crosslinking and accelerated phase inversion generated a thin nanofiltration separation layer. By adjusting the grafting degree of PEA, the optimized PVC/SMA-g-PEA membrane displayed high rejections of methyl blue (96.4 %), Congo red (93.3 %) and acid fuchsin (68.6 %) and extremely low rejections of NaCl (0.18 %), Na2SO4 (4.75 %) and MgSO4 (2.24 %) due to the combination of size sieving and electrostatic interaction. Importantly, it also exhibited a permeate flux of 210 L/m2·h·bar during filtering the methyl blue/NaCl solution and a dye/salt selectivity of 31.93. Moreover, a strong and stable hydration layer was constructed on the membrane surface by integrating the amphiphilic characteristic of SMA-g-PEA and zwitterion potential in acid environment. Consequently, the antifouling properties were dramatically elevated by “fouling resistant” and “fouling release” strategies.

ADSORPTION OF Fe (III) IONS ON MODIFIED ADSORBENT: ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS

This work is devoted to the synthesis of a new type of adsorbent based on maleic anhydride styrene copolymer (MAST) and N,N`-diphenylguanidine (S) and its modification with 4,4'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(pentane-2-one) (S+R). Adsorption study of Fe (III) ions with this adsorbent has been carried out. Effects of the pH value, contact time, ionic strength and the initial concentration of metal ions on the adsorption capacity of the product have been studied. In the course of research, several adsorption isotherms and kinetic models have been studied and the equilibrium data has been found to agree well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the pseudo-second-order model can describe the adsorption process. The results best fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The studies have shown that compared to the initial product (S), for which the adsorption capacity was 404.88 mg/g, the reagent-modified adsorbent (S+R) shows higher adsorption capacity over Fe(III) ions which is equal to 890.68 mg/g. Synthesized adsorbent was characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (Uv/Vis). Temperature stability of adsorbent has been studied by thermal analysis methods (TG, DTA, DDTA)

Polivinilklorür/Polistiren Karışımlarına Uyumlaştırıcı Etkisinin Viskozimetrik İncelenmesi

In this study, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) polymers, which do not form a compatible blend with each other in certain concentration ranges and are widely used on an industrial scale, were used. The concentration range in which these two polymers do not form a compatible blend were determined viscometrically, and maleic anhydride-styrene (MAS) copolymer was added as a compatibilizing agent in this concentration range. The concentration range in which the polymer pair did not form a compatible blend was determined as 1.5 and 2.0 g dL-1. In this concentration range, 5.0 and 10.0 % MAS copolymer was added to the polymer couple and its compatibilizing effect was investigated. It was determined by viscometric method that the MAS copolymer was a good compatibilizer in the range where the polymer pair did not form a compatible blend.

Nanocomposites by in situ polymerization based on styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and clay

Nanocomposites by in situ polymerization based on styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and clay