Women's Styles Research Articles

The Rise and Diversity of Women's Art: A Study on Self-Expression in Art

In the middle of the 20th century, with the rise of the feminist movement and the continuous development of society, feminism gradually received attention. The artistic creation associated with it also developed, and people noticed the value of it. The status of female artists is gradually rising. The art is gradually diversifying. In this field of artistic creation, female artists have finally gained a place in the field of art according to their own research and efforts. According to their own unique aesthetic value and emotion, female artists give play to their unique artistic talent, breaking the inertia of male dominance in traditional art, and showing the creativity of female art. Through the introduction of the development of women's art from the 1960s to the present, this paper analyzes the characteristics and styles of women's art in different historical periods through the self-expression in women's art works and the maternal image in women's art works. Furthermore, it concludes the differences between them and male creators in art, so as to judge the new direction of contemporary female art to be developed.

Attachment styles in Tunisian women with schizophrenia

IntroductionAttachment refers to the emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver, reflecting the child’s confidence in the caregiver’s capacity to offer security. Evaluating attachment styles in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders holds significance in pinpointing a potential factor affecting therapeutic relationships. This, in turn, indirectly aids in comprehending the emergence of low adherence as a significant barrier to schizophreniaObjectivesThe goal of this study is to assess attachment styles in women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study at the Psychiatry “B” department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia, during May and June 2023. Our study involved stabilized female patients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We utilized the 26-item Revised Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM_R) questionnaire translated into Arabic and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score to assess schizophrenic symptoms.ResultsWe enrolled a total of 41 female patients in our study, with 65.9% diagnosed with schizophrenia and 34.2% with schizoaffective disorder. The average age of the participants was 49.19 years, ranging from 17 to 79 years old. In terms of attachment styles, avoidant attachment was the most prevalent (60.97%), followed by anxious attachment (24.39%), and disorganized attachment (14.63%). Our study revealed significant associations between avoidant attachment and several factors. Patients who began psychiatric follow-up with hospitalization had a significantly higher level of avoidant attachment compared to those starting with outpatient consultation (p < 0.001). The type of therapy also influenced avoidant attachment, with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Insight into their condition also played a significant role (p < 0.001). Moreover, the age at which psychiatric follow-up began showed a statistically significant correlation with avoidant attachment (Spearman’s ρ = 0.000, p < 0.001). Individuals with higher avoidant attachment tended to have a longer duration of untreated psychosis, supported by a statistically significant positive correlation (Spearman’s ρ = 0.082, p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant relationship between avoidant attachment and the equivalent dose of chlorpromazine, with a positive correlation (Spearman’s ρ = 0.091, p < 0.001), indicating that individuals with higher avoidant attachment may require higher equivalent doses of chlorpromazine. Finally, higher levels of avoidant attachment were associated with a lower presence of positive symptoms in schizophrenia (Spearman’s ρ = -0.026, p < 0.001).ConclusionsInsecure attachment is a valuable mechanism for understanding the evolution of schizophrenia spectrum phenomenology and may be a useful target for prophylactic interventions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Coping Styles in Women Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

Purpose: The present study aimed to examine therelationship between perceived stress levels andcoping styles of women with breast cancer.Materials and Methods: This descriptive and crosssectional study was carried out with 132 women whounderwent breast cancer surgery at a training andresearch hospital in Turkey between March andOctober 2021. Data were collected face-to-facemethod before the discharge from the hospital via thePersonal Information Form, the Perceived StressScale, and the Brief Cope Inventory. Data wereanalyzed with descriptive statistics, independentsample t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Pearsoncorrelation analysis.Results: It was found that women who hadsecondary or above education, were housewives, had comorbidities, had undergone a total radicalmastectomy, and were supported by their childrenduring the disease had higher perceived stress levels(p<0.05). Women without social security had lowercoping styles (p<0.05). On the other hand, there wasa significant negative relationship between women'sperceived stress levels and their coping styles(p<0.05).Conclusions: The results emphasize the importanceof evaluating the perceived stress levels and copingstyles of women undergoing breast cancer surgeryby the multidisciplinary healthcare team andproviding counseling on this issue.

Общие стили принятия решений: апробация русскоязычной модификации опросника GDMS

Background. Individual techniques, or decision-making styles, are included in the regulation of hierarchies of processes that mediate a person’s exit from situations of uncertainty. Diagnostics of these styles helps both to solve practical problems and to clarify theoretical issues — in particular, the issue of the generalization of styles and their connections with the intellectual and personal spheres. Objective. The aim is to test and adjust the General Decision-Making Style Inventory questionnaire to a Russian sample. Study Participants. 456 people aged 18 to 50 years (M = 24.80; SD = 7.61); of these, 74 were men (M = 22.96; SD = 4.88) and 358 were women (M = 25.25; SD = 8.08), 24 subjects did not indicate gender. 80% were university students, 20% were working employees. Methods. The study included 3 stages: translation, assessment of structural validity and reliability on a Russian sample, assessment of convergent validity. 4 questionnaires were used: the General Decision-Making Style, Rational-Experiential Inventory, Personal Factors of Decision Making (PFDM), Impulsivity-7. Results. A structural model of connections between the scales (factors) of the General Decision-Making Style Questionnaire has been constructed. The model demonstrated good fit to the data and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were acceptable (0.75 to 0.85). The convergent validity of the questionnaire scales was confirmed. Analysis of differences by gender revealed significantly higher scores for Intuitive and Dependent styles in women. Conclusions. The General Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire has a 5-factor structure and acceptable psychometric properties. Convergent validity has been demonstrated primarily for the Rational and Intuitive styles when identifying their connections with other similar constructs. Both styles are not related to each other, but are related in the opposite way to the Spontaneous (Impulsive) style.

The Relationship Between Breast Enlargement And Psychological Stress In Women: Mediating Effects Of Coping Styles

Aim: To study the interactions between breast hyperplasia and psychological stress and coping styles in women. Methods: A total of 230 women were examined, and 130 subjects with breast hyperplasia and 100 subjects without breast hyperplasia were selected and administered the Adult Version of the Coping Methods Questionnaire and the Health Perceptions and Behaviors Questionnaire. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between breast hyperplasia and psychological stress scores in women (R=0.177, P<0.01), a significant negative correlation with positive coping style scores for coping methods (R=-0.153, P<0.05), and a significant negative correlation between psychological stress and positive coping style (R=-0.268, P<0.01). In the mediation effect test, it was found that women with breast enlargement not only acted directly on their psychological stress of health behaviors, but also indirectly through positive coping of coping styles. Conclusion: The use of positive coping styles in patients suffering from breast enlargement is able to reduce their level of psychological stress.

KADINLARDA BAĞLANMA STİLLERİ VE SİNDERELLA SENDROMU

Bağımsızlıktan korkan kadınları ifade eden “Sinderella Sendromu”, kadınların yaşadıkları olumsuzluklara rağmen bir gün bir erkek tarafından kurtarılmayı bekleyen ve psikolojik bağımlı özellikte olduğunu gösteren bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Sinderella Sendromunun bağlanma stilleri açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmaya, uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 25 yaş üstü 431 yetişkin kadın katılmıştır. Veriler “Sinderella Sendromu Ölçeği” ve “Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Sinderella sendromunun tüm alt boyutları ile kaçınan ve kaygılı bağlanma stilleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde ve pozitif yönde korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kaçınan ve kaygılı bağlanma stili, Sinderella sendromunun %6.4’ünü açıklamaktadır. Ebeveynleri ayrı olan ve ebeveyni vefat etmiş olan kadınların kariyerden vazgeçme puanlarının ebeveynleri birlikte olan kadınlara göre anlamlı ölçüde daha yüksek olduğu; üniversite mezunlarının Sinderella Sendromu düzeyinin daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları Sinderella Sendromuyla da ilişkili görünen toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin bağlanma stilleriyle ilişkisi ele alınarak yorumlanmıştır.

The Effect of Health Literacy Level on Breastfeeding and Delivery Styles in Women

Araştırma kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin emzirme ve doğum şekline etkisinin olup olmadığını belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. 
 Araştırmanın tipi kesitsel olup, örneklem büyüklüğünü 318 kadın oluşturdu. Veriler “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ve “Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (YSOÖ)” kullanılarak toplandı. Araştırmamız için etik kuruldan, kaymakamlıktan, ölçek sahibinden ve kadınlardan izin alındı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde sayısal ve yüzdelik dağılımı, Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanıldı.
 Kadınların yaş ortalaması 37,68±6,41’dir (min=25, max=49). Kadınların %96,9’u evli ve %51,9’u ilköğretim mezunudur. Kadınların %24,2’si primipar ve %75’8’si multipardır. Normal doğum yapanların oranı %46,5, sezeryan doğum yapanların oranı %53,5 olarak bulundu. Kadınların %45,0’i bir sağlık personelinden emzirme eğitimi aldığını belirtti. Kadınların YSOÖ toplam puanı 10,19±5,68 olarak bulundu. Kadınların YSOÖ toplam puanı ile yaşayan çocuk sayısı (p≤0,001), düşük yapma (p=0,006), küretaj yapma (p=0,006), emzirme eğitimi alma (p≤0,001) ve ilk 1 saatte emzirme (p≤0,001) oranları arasında anlamlı fark bulundu. Bunun yanı sıra kadınların YSOÖ toplam puanı ile doğum şekli (p=0,482) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı.
 Araştırmanın sonuçları kadınlarda sağlık okuryazarlığının ilk bir saatte emzirmeye başlamada etkisi olduğunu, ancak doğum şekline etkisi olmadığını gösterdi.

Comparison of primary maladaptive schemas and attachment styles of women involved in emotional relationships with an age gap of 10 years or less and an age gap of 15 years or more (with male age advantage)

Aim: The current study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women involved in romantic relationships with an age difference of 10 years or less and an age difference of 15 years or more (with the man being older). Method: This study was causal-comparative in nature; the statistical population comprised 91 individuals, with 50 women involved in romantic relationships with an age difference of 10 years or less (Group One) and 41 women in relationships with an age difference of 15 years or more (Group Two). Participants were selected through convenient and snowball sampling methods and responded to the Hazan and Shaver Attachment Styles Questionnaire (1987) and Young’s 90-item Schema Questionnaire (1990). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SPSS software. Results: The findings indicated significant differences between the two groups in the anxious/ambivalent attachment style and avoidant attachment style components (P<0.01). There were significant differences between the two groups in the components of emotional deprivation, mistrust, social isolation, defectiveness/shame, failure, dependence, vulnerability, emotional inhibition, entitlement/grandiosity, and self-sacrifice (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in the secure attachment style and components of abandonment, self-sacrifice, compliance, unrelenting standards, attention seeking, pessimism, and punishment (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that there are differences between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women involved in romantic relationships with a minor and a greater age difference (with the man being older). The findings underscore the importance of schema-focused and emotion-focused approaches in resolving interpersonal conflicts in couples with significant age differences.

Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) and defensive styles in women with Post traumatic stress disorder: a comparative study

Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) and defensive styles in women with Post traumatic stress disorder: a comparative study

The Relationship Between Resilience and Mindfulness with Post-Traumatic Growth: The Mediating Role of Coping Styles in Women with Cancer

The Relationship Between Resilience and Mindfulness with Post-Traumatic Growth: The Mediating Role of Coping Styles in Women with Cancer

A survey of coping strategies and resilience in women victims of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, 2020.

BackgroundDomestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negative effects. The COVID‐19 pandemic, quarantine, and staying at home can lead to violent and domestic violence against women. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted to investigate the coping strategies and resilience of women victims of domestic violence in the COVID‐19 epidemic in Tehran, 2020.MethodsThe present study is a descriptive‐analytical study on 420 women who suffered domestic violence in Tehran, 2020. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, socioeconomic status questionnaire, WHO standardized domestic violence questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and Endler and Parker's coping strategies questionnaire. This study was based on the Internet and online. The research poster, the characteristics of the participants, the voluntary participation in the study, the confidentiality of the information, and the link to the online questionnaire were made public through Internet networks.ResultsThere was no correlation between resilience with general violence (p =.221), types of physical violence (p =.502), psychological violence (p =.178), and sexual violence (p =.386). The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the women who were using or not using a problem‐oriented style with physical violence, using or not using an emotion‐oriented style with physical, psychological, sexual violence, and using or not using an avoidance style with physical violence among the samples (p < .05).ConclusionThe use of coping strategies leads to a reduction in domestic violence against women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, designing and implementing training programs to improve coping styles in women can be effective in dealing with such stressful situations and help prevent injuries caused by violence.

Potential Galactogogues: A Review

Worldwide many infants die every year due to malnutrition or disease. WHO advises breastfeeding as it is an inexpensive and effective form of feeding for saving life of infant’s health. Insufficient milk production in lactating mother is one of the main causes of death and malnutrition in infants. Main cause of milk deficiency is mother or child illness, preterm birth, mother-baby separation, lactation after long gape, anxiety, fatigue emotional stress, busy schedules, unhealthy life style of women’s and hormonal imbalance. This review aims to summarize that insufficiency of lactation should be treated in appropriate manner; there are substantial numbers of herbal drugs which are used to augment milk production in lactating mother. Alcoholic/Aqueous extract of different lactogenic drugs maintain or increase the lactation by different physiological changes in biological level. The systematic search for Herbal Medicine used as lactation considering all the articles published until 2021 through three scientific databases.

Semantics of the regulative maty (mother) in Andrei Sheptytsky’s epistles

The article highlights the issue of the lexical regulative maty semantics in the epistles of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky. Since the case study material is the religious style texts, the lexeme under consideration, in addition to its basic meaning of „woman, in relation to the child she gave birth to”, expands its semantics with the meaning of „church, in relation to its believers” with its concretization through the adjective lexemes native, genuine. The frequency actualization of the regulative maty (mother) has been revealed in the names of the religious discourse Mother of God, God’s Mother, Mother of Christ, Holy Mother, Blessed Mother, used to denote the motherhood of the Virgin Mary in relation to Jesus Christ, and in the nomens the Mother of us all, the Mother of Heaven, used for the explication of her motherhood significance to all the faithful on the Earth. The secular meaning of the lexical regulative mother is determined by the style of woman’s behavior as a Christian and indicated, primarily, by the attributes of pious, Christian, native mother (a family status in relation to children). The Metropolitan’s idiostyle illustrates the use of the studied regulative in a clear family hierarchy, for example father and mother; father, mother, brother, sister, wife, husband; mother and a child, including a generalized collective image of all women, whose primary mission is the birth and upbringing of children.

Women and the Politics of Incivility and Discrimination: Introduction

Women and the Politics of Incivility and Discrimination: Introduction

Effect of Wuyan click on psychological elasticity and coping style of women of childbearing age after induced abortion.

Effect of Wuyan click on psychological elasticity and coping style of women of childbearing age after induced abortion.

Effect of Schema-Based Couple Therapy and Solution-Oriented Couple Therapy on Marital Conflict Resolution Styles in Women Referring to Counseling Centers

Background: Marital conflict is one of the most important challenges in modern life and has found a special place in the field of modern studies and research. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Schema-Based Couple Therapy (SBCT) and Solution-Oriented Couple Therapy (SOCT) on the marital conflict resolution style of women referring to counseling centers.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 women with marital conflict were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental groups such as SBCT and SOCT groups (20 people equally) and control group (n=20). Participants in the experimental groups received 8 and 7 sessions of SBCT and SOCT, respectively; while control group did not receive any therapy. Rahim Couples Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnairewere measured pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance.Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of SBCT and SOCT on the marital conflict resolution style of women referred to counseling centers (P=0.025). SBCT approach was more effective than SOCT on women's marital conflict resolution style.Conclusion: SBCT approach can reduce the marital conflict of women referring to counseling centers to an acceptable level.

Structural Equation Modeling of Adherence to Treatment on Emotional Regulation Mediated by Coping Strategies by in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

Background: Cancer is a complex, debilitating, and common disease with many dimensions, consequences, and psychological, biological, and social complications. We aimed to investigate the structural equations of treatment adherence based on emotional, cognitive regulation mediated by coping styles in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The present study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included patients with breast cancer referred to specialized cancer clinics in Tehran between October and February 2018. The sample consisted of 250 patients with breast cancer who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were obtained using the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data were also analyzed using correlation coefficients, Pearson’s correlation matrix, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. Also, all statistical calculations were performed using Amos 22 and SPSS 22 software. Results: Emotion regulation had a direct effect on coping strategies (β=0.48, P&lt;0.001) and adherence to treatment (β=0.63, P&lt;0.001). Coping strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between emotion regulation and adherence to treatment (AGFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.067). Conclusion: There is a relationship between emotion regulation and adherence to treatment and coping strategies has a mediating role in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Changing portrayal of women during the late modern period in regards to visual communication design

The Industrial Revolution, world wars, the post-war periods, herewith called the Late Modern period, along with technological advances created a series of social changes in the world. As this transformation became more visible in social life, it has also manifested itself in visual forms such as painting, photography or posters. These social changes, influencing women’s lives directly, had also an impact on the manner they were addressed in visual forms. In this regard, this study is centred on the history of visual communication design with a visual cultural approach to observe a connection between the changes that occurred in social life during each period and their effects on the portrayal of women while at the same time it also examines these representations in relation to the development of poster design. Five images produced as advertising and posters ranging from the Industrial Revolution to the Second-Wave Feminism era were selected randomly and examined as illustrative case studies. Zeitgeist approach was used reviewing the periods and countries where these posters were produced. This small study exhibits how the style of women’s representation can transform depending on the changing conditions of the era.

The values-driven startup

Study level/applicability The case is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate business students. The suggestions in the teaching note would suit classes of varying sizes and can be organized by teams or for individual work. Subject area The case is suitable for classes discussing a range of topics including business ethics, values-based leadership and entrepreneurship. The case is told from the perspective of a Hispanic, first-generation female CEO in tech – a male-dominated field. As some of its decision points include discussions with other female entrepreneurs in similar positions, this case is also suitable for discussions on gender and minority leader representation. Case overview This case tells the story of a female tech entrepreneur in Baltimore, how her personal values influenced the values of her company and how she successfully applied those values even in the early stages of her venture. It includes a discussion of her former career in the military and her experiences as a first-generation American. Expected learning outcomes The case offers several decision points where students are invited to anticipate and discuss the protagonists’ values and their application of them in her work. It likewise invites students to reflect on their own values and how they influence their business decisions. As the case is based on true events and uses real names, students may also perform research on the real business and its context to extend this case even further. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Social implications Women are chronically underrepresented in leadership positions and some choose to become entrepreneurs because it offers a surer path to CEO roles. Additionally, this case offers some perspective on the different leadership styles of women, such as this protagonist’s choice to allow her personal and corporate values to drive important early decisions for her business. The instructor and students also may wish to focus on aspects of the case related to the protagonist’s ethnicity and her family’s status as recent immigrants to the USA. Ideally, class discussions will consider the protagonist holistically, and her identities as intersectional. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

The Feature of Female Language in the Novel Love Rosie

This journal investigated the feature of female language in the Novel entitled Love Rosie. There are two objectives of this research; 1) to identify the type of feature female language used by the main character in the novel Love Rosie and 2) to describe which female language feature supports the communication style. The type of research was qualitative descriptive because the data were analyzed and described in the form of words and sentences. The data were taken from the conversations that is uttered by the main character of Love Rosie the novel. The conversation in the novel was taken out as the primary data. The theory used in this research is the sociolinguistics analysis using Robin Lakoff's theory of female language feature and supported by Deborah Tannen's theory of communication styles in women's conversation. The result of the research, the researcher found that the features of female language found in the novel Love Rosie there are eight types, super polite forms, tag questions, empty adjectives, logical hedges, strong avoidance of words, price color terms, intensifiers, and emphatic stress. The female language feature that is the most widely used main character supports the communication style that tends to use indirect communication styles.