Conflict Styles Research Articles

Evaluation of Psychological Symptoms in Terms of Childhood Traumas, Spirituality, and Conflict Tactics in Sheltered Battered Women.

The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological symptoms in terms of childhood traumas, spirituality and conflict styles in women victims of violence staying in women's shelters. Violence against women is a major public health problem. Spiritual values and practices are especially important for women to cope with the negative effects of violence. The study was conducted in women's shelters in two provinces of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies in Türkiye. The sample consisted of 92 women who had been subjected to violence and stayed in a women's shelter for at least 15 days. The data were collected using the "Brief Symptom Inventory", "Conflict Tactic Scale", "Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)", "Childhood Abuse Experiences Scale Short Form", and "Introductory Information Form" created by the researcher, and the data obtained were evaluated in SPSS 22.0 program. Frequency, percentage, Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the evaluation of the data. In all statistical analyses, p<0.05 was accepted as the significance level. It was found that 64.1% of the women in the study had at least one psychiatric diagnosis and major depression was in the first place (32.2%). According to the mean scores of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the relationships between all subdimensions except the somatization subdimension and the mean scores of the SWBS were found to be inversely significant at p<0.05 significance level. According to the mean scores of the SWBS, the relationships between all subdimensions except the transcendence subdimension and the mean scores of the Conflict Methods Scale were found to be inversely significant at the p<0.05 level of significance. According to the findings obtained from the study, it has been concluded that women should be encouraged to support them in order to be able to cope with the mental problems experienced in the psychiatric sense and to realize their spiritual beliefs and practices.

Who Am I? How Public Library Staff Manage Conflicting Information about the Self‐Concept

ABSTRACTThis poster describes how public library staff manage conflicting information about their identity. Public library staff completed audio diaries about times throughout the workday that made them feel frustrated or uncomfortable, revealing times when external and internal information about their self‐concept conflicted. Their responses were coded according to established conflict styles, revealing a dynamic approach to identity construction.

Conflict styles within individualistic, low power distance, and low context nations: a four nation comparison

ABSTRACT This study compared conflict styles approaches of four nations with similar cultural dimensions. Prior literature assumes similar cultural dimensions produce similar approaches to conflict. Four nations were examined: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Results reveal the conflict approaches of individuals from these nations differ despite similar cultural dimensions. In addition, the four nations scored relatively high on solution-oriented approaches to conflict (integrating and compromising). This is the first study to compare conflict styles across traditionally individualistic, low-context, independent self-construal, and low power distance nations.

Study of problems in utilizing the functions of Kasinan protected forest between local residents and "Sadar Alas" community groups

Understanding disputing styles is very important for solving a problem. The purpose of this research is to examine descriptively the problems in the Kasinan protected forest and to identify the conflicting styles of each party so that an appropriate resolution of the problems can be developed. This research was conducted in the protected forest of Kasinan, precisely in Pesanggrahan Village, Batu City. Data collection was carried out qualitatively, namely through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis used adapts the Disputing Style Analysis (AGATA). The results of the research show that the problems in the Kasinan protected forest stem from the use of the forest for tourism by relying on water sources from the Kasinan protected forest. The impact was a decrease in the discharge of water flowing into the rice fields and residents' homes, resulting in protests from residents. Actors involved in the problem include residents of Pesanggrahan village, HIPPA-HIPPAM, Pesanggrahan Village Government, Sadar Alas community, Perhutani KPH Malang, BKPH Pujon, and Walhi. Each party has various problems, including environmental beauty, reducing water discharge, and tourism interests. Communities are the most disadvantaged because they feel the impact directly. Each side has a different style of conflict. However, especially for residents of the Sadar Alas community, they have a competitive dispute style. So, in an accommodation style, the village government formed a team of Kasinan Forest Utilization Problem Resolution Facilities and held meetings including villagers, HIPPA-HIPPAM, Alas Awareness Community, Perhutani, and the Mayor of Batu City to negotiate and facilitate the proposal for zoning based on local policies so that the environment is beautiful. and the tour continues. So support from parties who have full authority, such as the Mayor of Batu City, is needed in order to realize a resolution to the conflict.

The effects of conflict resolution styles on perceived relational self-concept change

ABSTRACT No romantic relationship, no matter how fulfilling and satisfying it may be, is without conflict. We sought to understand how the conflict resolution styles a person uses in their relationship are associated with their perception of their self. Specifically, we examined negative conflict resolution styles and their influence on perceived relational self-concept degradation. In two studies (Ns = 272 and 184), we predicted and found that the more frequently people use negative conflict resolution styles in their relationship, the more strongly they perceive that their relationship has contributed to self-concept degradation. In Study 3 (N = 122), we conducted a longitudinal study and found greater destructive conflict styles at Time 1 predicted greater perceived relational self-concept degradation at Time 2.

Identifying disputants’ attitudinal variations in family mediations: A data mining approach

This article combines linguistic analysis and data mining methods to explore variations in speakers’ evaluative meaning-making in conflict talks. It focuses on conflict style construction through evaluative language, specifically how disputants advance attitudes. The corpus consists of 230 minutes of family mediation talks involving 12 divorcing spouses. The research draws from the Appraisal framework to analyse evaluative meaning-making at a discourse semantics level, capturing both explicit and implicit attitudes, as well as the scaling and dialogic framing of attitudes. Data exploration uses clustering algorithms via RStudio to identify variations in disputants’ discursive behaviour. The findings uncover three conflict styles based on disputants’ preference for attitude advancement formulations, with varying degrees of assertiveness and forcefulness. This study’s contributions include a holistic treatment of evaluative meaning-making, the marriage of digital tools to nuanced linguistic annotation, and a novel interpretation for conflict style. The findings offer fresh insights into disputants’ discursive self-presentation in confrontational exchanges.

An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach to Predict Sensory Processing Sensitivity Trait in Nursing Students.

Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a personality trait that makes certain individuals excessively sensitive to stimuli. People carrying this trait are defined as Highly Sensitive People (HSP). The SPS trait is notably prevalent among nursing students and nurse staff. Although there are HSP diagnostic tools, there is little information about early detection. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a prediction model to identify HSP and provide an individualized nursing assessment. A total of 672 nursing students completed all the evaluations. In addition to the HSP diagnosis, emotional intelligence, communication skills, and conflict styles were evaluated. An interpretable machine learning model was trained to predict the SPS trait. We observed a 33% prevalence of HSP, which was higher in women and people with previous health training. HSP were characterized by greater emotional repair (p = 0.033), empathy (p = 0.030), respect (p = 0.038), and global communication skills (p = 0.036). Overall, sex and emotional intelligence dimensions are important to detect this trait, although personal characteristics should be considered. The present individualized prediction model could help to predict the presence of the SPS trait in nursing students, which may be useful in conducting intervention strategies to avoid the negative consequences and reinforce the positive ones of this trait.

Conflict Style of Rohingya Refugee Rejection in Aceh from Face Negotiation Approach

Rohingya refugees in Indonesia were previously welcomed with open arms. However, recently there has been a rejection of the presence of Rohingya refugees in Aceh, both those already in refugee camps and those who just want to dock on the coast of Aceh. This transnational cultural conflict indicates the failure of the communication and interaction process between the two cultures. By applying and extending the face-negotiation theory (FNT) that explains the management style of intercultural conflict, this study explores the case of Rohingya refugee rejection in Aceh with FNT using the content analysis method of media coverage in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to assess and identify the conflict management styles of the stakeholders in the case. As a result, the government and parliament at the central level tend to display an integrating style, while the government in Aceh and DPRA tend to show an avoiding style, while community leaders and Acehnese citizens who are directly dealing with Rohingya refugees tend to dominate.

Partner’s unemployment and subjective well-being: The mediating role of relationship functioning

Unemployment affects not only the subjective well-being of the individual, but also that of the partner. Based on the life course perspective and the spillover-crossover-model, we examine the mediating role of relationship functioning for such crossover effects of partner’s unemployment on subjective well-being. We also test whether gender differences in the mechanism of relationship functioning can explain the larger overall crossover effects on women compared to men. We use data from the German Family Panel pairfam (2008/09–2018/19), which provide more direct and comprehensive measures of relationship functioning than previous research, and allow us to examine couples’ communication and interactions, their conflict styles and behaviors, relationship satisfaction, and perceived relationship instability as mediators. To analyze the impact of the partner’s transition to unemployment on subjective well-being, we use fixed effects panel regression models and the product method of mediation analysis to estimate the indirect effects of relationship functioning. The results show that a partner’s transition to unemployment has a negative impact on one’s own well-being. The effects are more pronounced for women than men which can be partly explained by gender-specific effects of the partner’s unemployment on various aspects of relationship functioning, rather than by differential effects of the latter on one’s own well-being.

Evlilik Çatışma Alanları İndeksi ve Çatışma Çözme Stilleri Envanteri’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları

The purpose of this study is to develop the Conflict Areas Index (CAI) to identify possible conflict areas that couples experience in their marriages and to develop the Conflict Styles Inventory (CSI) to assess how they deal with these conflicts. Exploratory (N=374) and confirmatory (N=152) factor analysis and test-retest (N=49) examinations were conducted with a sample of 575 married individuals in total. For the first scale, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the construct validity of the CAI. According to the results, a single component giving frequency values for 15 different conflict areas was identified. In the criterion-related validity studies, the scale had a significant, negative, and strong correlation with the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (r=-.72) and the level of satisfaction with the relationship (r=-.67). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found as .91. For the second scale, the construct validity of the CSI was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results revealed a three-dimensional structure named destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles. In the criterion-related validity studies, it was found significant and positive correlations between destructive (r=.14) and passive (r=.18) conflict resolution styles with CAI scores and a significant and negative correlation between active resolution style with CAI scores. In addition, there were significant and negative correlations between destructive (r=-.15) and passive (r=-.12) conflict resolution styles with the RAS scores and a significant and positive correlation between active conflict resolution style with the RAS scores. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .88, .87, and .87 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. The correlation values between the scores of the CSI within a 14-day time interval were ⍴=.94, ⍴=.91, and ⍴=.83 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. These results indicated that CAI and CSI have sufficient psychometric properties that can be used to assess conflict areas and conflict resolution styles of married individuals.

Medijacijska uloga negativnoga afekta u odnosima između stilova sukoba roditelja s adolescentima, zadovoljavanja triju osnovnih psiholoških potreba i zadovoljstva životom

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the psychological condition of parents due to changes in their place of activity and their increasingly complex roles in terms of work, children’s education, and households. The conditions have facilitated the increase in parents’ aggressive conflict styles with adolescents and the decrease in satisfaction of their basic psychological needs. Increased negative affect with indications of anger and emotional exhaustion was often found in parents during mandatory quarantine at home. Thus, parents’ decreased satisfaction of basic psychological needs, their conflict styles with adolescents, and increased negative affect may reduce their life satisfaction. This study investigated how negative affect mediates the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict styles and parents’ life satisfaction, as well as between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and life satisfaction. A total of 183 parents of adolescents completed questionnaires assessing parent-adolescent conflict styles, negative affect, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and life satisfaction. PLS-SEM was used to test hypotheses concerned with testing a theoretical framework from a prediction perspective when the structural model is complex. The hypothesized model performed excellently, as indicated by its predictive relevance and effect size on a significant path. Negative affect acts as a (1) full mediator in the relationship between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and life satisfaction, and (2) partial mediator between aggressive conflict style parent-child relationship and life satisfaction. The results of this study generally suggest that, to prevent each family member from developing adverse psychological problems, circumstances that necessitate quick changes in the family must be met with the pace of adaptation of family members. In general, the findings of this study imply that in limiting social conditions, family members are prone to committing and experiencing harshness and basic psychological needs frustration, thereby reducing their life satisfaction.

CORRELATION BETWEEN CULTURAL DIMENSIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CONFLICT STYLE PREFERENCES

This paper offers a multifaceted exploration of the intricate interplay between cultural dimensions and preferences in conflict resolution styles. It delves into the profound influence of cultural values on the choices individuals make when managing conflicts, enhancing our understanding of this complex relationship. Defining culture and conflict as central constructs, the paper investigates several key cultural dimensions within Hofstede's framework. It focuses on individualism and collectivism, high and low power distance, and high and low uncertainty avoidance. Few studies cover the research on power distance and conflict style preference, underscoring the importance of understanding how individuals choose styles that align with their cultural norms, whether maintaining low or high power distance within their own cultures.&#x0D; The study uncovers the correlation between different cultural types and conflict management styles. In cases of individualism, there is a preference for an avoidance style of conflict management, while collectivist cultures typically lean towards compromising and obliging conflict styles. In situations marked by high power distance, members of high power cultures are more likely to adopt an avoidance conflict style. The research holds significance for managing intercultural conflicts across various contexts, particularly in the realms of global governance, international relations, and multicultural team management. The findings provide a valuable reference for managers striving to navigate intercultural tensions and promote effective conflict resolution strategies aligned with cultural values. While this study offers valuable insights, it highlights the need for further in-depth research on additional cultural dimensions. This paper contributes to understanding the intricate relationship between culture and conflict resolution. It serves as a guide for analyzing preferences in intercultural conflicts, promoting conflict resolution management in multicultural projects, and advancing cross-cultural cooperation and understanding. Continuous research in this field is essential for more effective conflict management in an increasingly diverse global landscape.

Does Cooperative Conflict Management mediate the relationship between Diversity Appreciation and Self-Efficacy for Teamwork with Dissimilar Team-mates?

This research study examines the mediating influence of a problem-solving conflict style (PSCMS) on the relationship between diversity appreciation (DA) and self-efficacy for teamwork with team-mates who are perceived as dissimilar (SEDT). One hundred and ninety-six undergraduate business management students completed self-assessment measures of DA and SEDT, and identified a close associate who completed an observer version of the Dutch conflict management style scale. Product moment correlations were used to examine the hypothesized relationships between SEDT and both DA and PSCMS, and both the Hayes process and the Sobel test were used to test the hypothesis that PSCMS mediates the relationship between DA and SEDT. SEDT was significantly correlated with both DA (r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.01) and PSCMS (r = 0.43, p &lt; 0.01). DA was significantly correlated with PSCMS (r = 0.37, p &lt; 0.01). Both the Hayes process and Sobel test (Z = 3.91, p &lt; 0.001) confirmed that PSCMS partially mediated the relationship between DA and SEDT. Educators and practitioners need to be aware of the influence of DA and PSCMS on SEDT. Development activities that promote both diversity appreciation and use of a problem-solving conflict management style should help improve team member confidence in their ability to work with team-mates who they perceive as significantly different from themselves. This is the first study to examine the relationships between DA, PSCMS and SEDT. The results of this study highlight the importance of promoting both diversity appreciation and a problem-solving conflict management style as part of the process of helping team members develop confidence in their ability to successfully work with team-mates who they perceive as dissimilar.

Effects of e-portfolios on developing professional awareness for cardiac nurses

Abstract Introduction Professional electronic portfolios are becoming increasingly popular among nurses as a means of documenting their lifelong learning and self-reflection, as well as proving that they have fulfilled all of their licensure and certification criteria. An e-Portfolio can help nurses keep track of their renewal and registration paperwork in one location so that they can be updated and used in performance assessments and job applications. All nurses are obliged to participate in continuing professional development activities in order to maintain, update, and to improve their knowledge and practice. In addition, e-Portfolios allow nurses to assess their strengths and weaknesses. Also, establishing an e-Portfolio can help nurses develop a learning strategy to meet those needs. Aim To assess the nurses' feedback after developing their professional e-Portfolio. Process As part of their professional development, nurses at the Aswan Heart Centre were required to compile their professional development records. Even the most recent curriculum vitae (CV) was difficult for most nurses to locate.Using Google sites as the e-platform, the nursing education department established a method for generating the e-Portfolio in a systematic manner. The e-Portfolio contained all of the following dataset (Biography—CV—Nursing, leadership, or teaching philosophy—Teaching Perspective Inventory Result—Learning Style Result—Personality Type—Conflict Style—Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis—Learning Action Plan—Professional Certificates—Research Activities).A brief guide was developed to assist nurses in developing the e-Portfolio to the same criteria. In addition, short courses were designed to assist them in creating a SWOT analysis and learning action plan. Survey Result There were 130 nurses who joined the process, and 70 nurses filled out the survey. What was the best part of creating your e-Portfolio?The majority of the staff members responded that they do collect their professional development records.What was the worst part of creating your e-Portfolio?The staff's biggest challenge during the platform’s development was time. Data Analysis Participants responded that use of the e-portfolio was a way to keep track of their own professional growth and gain a better understanding of who they are as well as help develop their professional identity as lifelong learners by approximately 70%.According to the responses from the participants, using the e-portfolio was a technique to boost their level of creativity as well as their level of proficiency with computer skills by around 65%. Recommendations Building and maintaining an e-Portfolio can also provide nurses with the ability to assess their skills and determine areas in which they require additional training, as well as to create a lifelong learning plan to meet these needs. Additional Content An author video to accompany this abstract is available on https://academic.oup.com/eurheartjsupp. Please click on the arrow next to ‘More Content’ and then click on ‘Author videos’.

Using an Educational Intervention to Map our Surgical Teams’ Function, Emotional Intelligence, Communication and Conflict Styles

The leadership team invited surgical team members to participate in educational sessions that created self and other awareness as well as gathered baseline information about these topics: communication, conflict management, emotional intelligence, and teamwork. Each educational session included an inventory that was completed to help participants understand their own characteristics and the characteristics of their team members. The results from these inventories were aggregated, relationships were identified, and the intervention was evaluated. A level 1 trauma center, Baylor Scott and White Health, in central Texas; a 636-bed tertiary care main hospital and an affiliated children's hospital. An open invitation for all surgical team members yielded 551 interprofessional OR team members including anesthesia, attending physicians, nursing, physician assistants, residents, and administration. Surgeons' communication styles were individual focused, while other team members were group focused. The most common conflict management mode for surgical team members on average was avoiding, and the least common was collaborating. Surgeons primarily used competing mode for conflict management, with avoiding coming in a close second. Finally, the 5 dysfunctions of a team inventory revealed low accountability scores, meaning the participants struggled with holding team members accountable. Helping team members understand their own and others' strengths and blind spots will help create opportunity for more purposeful and clear communication. Additionally, this knowledge should improve efficiency and safety in the high-stakes environment of the operating room.

Conflict, communication and team collaboration: a comparison of Nigerians and US Americans

PurposeGiven the growing relationship between Nigeria and the USA, the purpose of this study is to compare conflict communication of Nigerians and Americans.Design/methodology/approachA total of 186 Nigerians and 214 Americans completed an online survey of Hammer’s (2005) Intercultural Conflict Style Inventory as well as items about the effect of conflict on team collaboration.FindingsContrary to expectations, Nigerians reported using more direct, whereas Americans reported using more indirect, communication when confronting conflict despite the stereotype that Americans are typically direct or more likely to say what is on their minds. However, consistent with expectations, Nigerians reported exercising more emotional restraint, whereas Americans favored the use of emotional expressiveness in conflict.Originality/valueOverall, Nigerians were more concerned than Americans about the negative effect of conflict on team collaboration in the workplace. This concern was associated with the use of directness, indirectness and emotional restraint. Further, an exploratory structural equation model showed that the use of emotional expression was affected, in different ways, by several aspects of work and communication. Implications of these results are discussed along with directions for future research.

Object relations couple therapy for a married Korean man with sexual dysfunction

AbstractThis study uses James Donovan's object relations couple therapy to examine the triangle of focus (conflict style, couple characteristics, and family of origin) and triangle of conflict (anxiety, defence mechanisms, and hidden emotions) of a married Korean man with sexual dysfunction (reduced sexual desire, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction). This qualitative study uses thematic analysis to identify, describe, and analyse a family therapy case study. The aim of this study is to examine the couple's interaction patterns and experiences of conflicts related to the husband's erectile dysfunction. The researchers induced patterns or topics by repeatedly reading and comparing the data. Then, they textualised and analysed the relevant data. To ensure the reliability and validity of the data analysis, the researchers conducted shared coding sessions to review and discuss the initial codes and the generated main themes and subthemes, triangulating the qualitative data. Findings show that a newlywed husband's sexual dysfunction is associated with his emotional resistance towards his wife's unilateral pursuit over their sexual relationship and the negative emotions triggered by their dysfunctional interactions. Further, couple characteristics, conflict style (dysfunctional interactions), and family‐of‐origin factors (transference and patrilocality) influenced their sexual relationship. Therefore, therapists who counsel Korean couples with sexual issues may pay attention to the sociocultural factors, interactional patterns, and psychological factors associated with unresolved issues with their families of origin.

Psychological, Communicative, and Relationship Characteristics That Relate to Social Media Users' Willingness to Denounce Fake News.

Fake news is on the rise on many social media platforms. The proliferation of fake news is concerning, yet little is known about the characteristics that may motivate social media users to denounce (or ignore) fake news when they see it posted by strangers, close friends, and family members. Active social media users (N = 218) completed an online survey examining psychological characteristics (i.e., misinformation correction importance, self-esteem) and communicative characteristics (i.e., argumentativeness, conflict style) that may relate to an individual's willingness to denounce fake news posted by either strangers or close friends/family members. Participants examined several manipulated fake news scenarios differing in political alignment and relevant topic content within a Facebook news article format. Results indicated that misinformation correction importance was positively related to willingness to denounce in the context of close friends and family, but not with strangers. Moreover, participants with higher self-esteem were less likely to denounce fake news posted by strangers (but not posted by close friends and family), which suggests that confident individuals prefer to avoid challenging people outside of their close ties. Argumentativeness was positively related to willingness to denounce fake news in all scenarios no matter the user's relationship to the fake news poster. Results for conflict styles were mixed. These findings provide preliminary evidence for how psychological, communicative, and relationship characteristics relate to social media users' decision to denounce (or ignore) fake news posted on a social media platform.

Abusive behaviours in relationships, need satisfaction, conflict styles and relationship satisfaction: mediation and moderation roles

BackgroundThe current study focuses on the mediator role of abusive behaviour in romantic relationships (ABRR) in the relationship between subordination, retreat, and relationship satisfaction and the moderation role of relatedness and autonomy in the relationships between ABRR and relationship satisfaction.Methods333 (91 men, 242 women) Turkish emerging adults in relationships participated in this research. These participants completed a measure of abusive behaviour in romantic relationship, conflict resolution styles, relationship satisfaction and need satisfaction in romantic relationship. Models 1 and 4 of Process Hayes were used in SPSS 22 to investigate moderation and mediation roles.ResultsAccording to the results, ABRR has a full mediator role in the relationship between subordination and relationship satisfaction and has a partial mediator role in the relationship between retreat and relationship satisfaction. Another result of the study showed that ABRR negatively affected relationship satisfaction and that relatedness and autonomy moderated this relationship. Moderator roles are strong when the level of relatedness and autonomy are high.ConclusionsIn conclusion, subordination and retreat as well as ABRR are risk factors for relationship satisfaction for individuals in romantic relationships. Our results suggest that relatedness and autonomy present an adaptive approach and protection method associated with improved relationship satisfaction. Therefore, subordination, withdrawal, ABRR, autonomy, and relatedness should be considered in relationship satisfaction assessment and couple therapies.

FNT: A Research about the Relationships Among Conflict Styles, Face Concerns and Four Individual-level Elements: Gender, Age, Occupation and Degree of Education

This study intends to examine the relationships among the four individual-level elements(i.e. age, gender, occupation and degree of education), face concerns and conflict styles in interpersonal conflicts in a certain culture. 205 participants from China were investigated by filling in a questionnaire survey. Significant results were discovered that gender mediates conflict styles while age and degree of education have respective links with face concerns among these Chinese participants: 1) In an interpersonal conflict, females relatively have a higher tendency to choose the avoiding style and comprising style while males relatively show a higher tendency to use the dominating style; 2) People from 30-50 years old have relatively highest concern for other faces, next are people above 50, and the last, people from 20-30 have relatively lowest concern for other faces; 3) Highly educated people in China show more concern for other faces than people with a low education background. Although more research is needed to examine how the four elements influence face concerns and conflict styles in other countries and cultures, and to identify the underlying factors that why age, gender and degree of education produce respective effects on face concerns or conflict styles, the current results can provide more detailed and recognizable predictors for Chinese people to foresee target persons face concern and choice of conflict styles in an interpersonal conflict.