Style Practices Research Articles

Constructing identities in institutional impersonation fraud: self-styling and other-styling practices through stances

Drawing on the key notions of style/styling and stance as positioning practices, this article analyzes the styling practices of fraudsters in institutional impersonation fraud (IIF), namely, how fraudsters style themselves and others (i.e., targets and opponents) through recurring stance-taking patterns to achieve their manipulative goals. We use the authentic data of 26 IIF cases as research objects. The analysis reveals that fraudsters style themselves through regular stance-taking acts that index professional authority, target avidity, and community integrity, while targets are styled through stances of being troublesome, being innocent, and needing help. Opponents that comprise culprits and obstacles to fraudulent success are consistently assigned negative stances. Additionally, three interactive patterns are found through the configurations of styling practices via stances, namely, the Antagonizing pattern, the Pseudo-allied pattern, and the Selective Stance-accentuation pattern. This study provides a linguistic perspective for understanding the IIF interactive process and sheds light on the ongoing anti-telefraud campaign.

Unisex Fashion as a Social Practice: A Comparative Study Between Young Heterosexual Consumers in the United States and China

Using Alan Warde’s tripartite model of practice theory (understanding, procedure, and engagement) as our theoretical framework, we compare how young heterosexual consumers in the United States and China understand, follow the perceived rules of, and engage with unisex fashion, and how different socio-cultural values and political ideologies in these two countries shape consumers’ gendered perceptions and practice of unisex style. We interviewed 15 participants in each country. Our findings suggest that unisex fashion is a more routinized practice for US participants, who appreciate gender fluidity due to a long history of fighting for gender equality and the current political emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Chinese participants, however, demonstrate a more deliberate and reflexive attitude. While they claim to embrace unisex fashion to express their gender identity, they are still restricted by a heteropatriarchal definition of gender, particularly with the recent revival of traditional gender ideologies advocated by the Chinese leadership. This comparative study of a gender-related fashion practice contributes to a reappraisal of cultural meaning within practice theories. We hope this study will stimulate further intellectual interest in the intersections of fashion studies, consumption research, and cultural sociology.

Transformational leadership and organizational culture of Islamic boarding school mediated by employee engagement

This study examines the effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance in teachers of formal boarding schools in Bangkalan, Madura through the mediation of employee engagement. This research was conducted at three boarding schools in Bangkalan, Madura. This research uses saturated sampling. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 89 teaching staff. Data analysis used the Least Square partial structural equation model (SEM-PLS) with the Smart-PLS 3.0 application. The results showed that transformational leadership and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This study also found that employee engagement is able to partially mediate the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance. Employee engagement also acts as a partial mediation on the effect of organizational culture on employee performance. Based on these findings, it is necessary to pay attention and optimize the practice of transformational leadership style and organizational culture continuously to be able to improve employee performance.

GASLIGHTING, PARENTING STYLES, AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study aims to identify the level of gaslighting, parenting style, and mental health of secondary school students in Malaysia. Gaslighting, as a hidden form of psychological manipulation, can have a negative impact on the mental well-being of adolescents. Parenting styles, especially those of a negative nature such as authoritarian and permissive, have also been identified as risk factors for mental health problems. A total of 273 secondary school students in the Petaling Perdana district, Malaysia were selected as respondents to this study. Data were collected using questionnaires consisting of the Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire (VGQ), Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Descriptive analysis is used to analyse the data. The results showed that the mental health of pupils was reported to be at a normal level, however, there were a large number of those who experienced higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Gaslighting among secondary school students has been detected to be at an alarming level and needs to be paid attention to by the relevant authorities. Authoritative parenting style is described as the most dominant parenting style practice among parents of secondary school students. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of family relationships that affect adolescent mental health and can be used to plan more effective interventions and support programmes.

PERCEIVED STIGMA, BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEM AND DEPRESSION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBSTANCE ABUSE ATTENDING SELECTED DE-ADDICTION CENTRES, KOLKATA, WEST BENGAL

Substance abuse is a considerable public health problem throughout the world with vast implication on public health. Its real impact is on the social and family dynamics that underlie its communities.Aim: This study aims to assess Perceived stigma, behavioural problem and depression among individuals with substance abuse attending selected de-addiction centers, Kolkata, West Bengal.Methods: A Descriptive survey design was adopted and 200 individuals with substance abuse were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using semi structured demographic Proforma, standardized perceived stigma of substance abuse scale (PSAS), standardized behavioural problem scale (BPS) and Beck’s depression Inventry.Result: The findings revealed that majority 81% individual with substance abuse had moderate perceived stigma whereas 18% had high perceived stigma and 1 % had low perceived stigma and (85% ) individuals with substance abuse were mild behavioural problem and (15%) in individuals with substance abuse were moderate behavioural problem and (41.5% ) individuals had moderate depression , ( 28% ) had borderline clinical depression , (27.5%) had mild mood disturbance ,(3%) had these ups and downs were considered normal. Result showed that there was significant association between level of depression with Regularity of treatment, life style practices with monthly family income and educational status of participants.Conclusion: The current study concludes that perceived stigma, behavioural problems and depression among individuals with substance abuse is effective to motivational prevention in the field of psychiatry nursing.

User Acceptability Testing of Mobile Application in Indian Local Languages for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification and Modification among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes. Digital health tools like mobile application have fast emerged as a technology capable of closing the gap in cardiovascular disease self- management and revolutionizing the way healthcare is traditionally delivered. One of the causes for low app engagement of Apps in India is perhaps that few of these apps are available in local languages. The goal is to reach as many diabetic patients as possible while avoiding linguistic hurdles.  Methodology: The ‘healthy heart’ mobile app was developed and translated into Hindi and Marathi languages for CVD risk stratification and risk management among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. User acceptability testing of the app on its design, presentation, content, and user- friendliness was undertaken. The feedback on utility of the app for CVD risk stratification and modification was assessed. A total 100 multilingual app users profile were noted for CVD Risk Status, Life Style Practices and CVD Risk Factors.  Results: The Healthy Heart multi-lingual app was successfully developed for CVD risk classification and risk management among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The patients had the choice to select the desired language of the app from the versions available in English, Hindi and Marathi. The Mobile App's Home Screen displayed the CVD risk score and category, a health tracker to monitor compliance with WHO recommendations regarding diet, physical activity, addictions, medication adherence, diabetic, and CVD Risk Profile. The majority of respondents rated the App's design, presentation, content, and user- friendliness favorably and emphasized the utility of App for CVD self-management and risk reduction. Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetic patients demonstrated poor compliance for total fruits and vegetable intake, total fat intake and total salt intake, physical activity Guidelines apart from poor control for blood pressure, glycemic control and lipid targets.  Conclusion: The multilingual mobile App for CVD risk stratification, self-management and CVD risk reduction among diabetic patients was successfully developed in Hindi and Marathi language. User acceptability testing results were found to be favorable for the mobile app.

1231 Using Novel Technologies and Innovative Theatre Utilisation Procedures to More Than Triple Operating Theatre Output

Abstract Aim In the current climate of extended waiting lists and increasing demands on theatre time and personnel, efficiency gains are vital in shaping the future of surgical practice. We have utilised novel surgical technology to drive massive increases in throughput for one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide (tonsillectomies). Method Use of the BiZactTM device, a vessel sealing bipolar instrument, has been shown in our trust and worldwide to be safe and offer greater efficiency. We combined this with a conveyor-belt style theatre arrangement - with a second team preparing and anaesthetising the following patient simultaneously, and changes to anaesthetic and post-op procedures to maximise productivity. Results Contrasting the GIRFT recommended 3 adult half day tonsillectomy list, we were able to safely perform 10 adult tonsillectomies in one session, with no change in expected post-operative complication rates. Average time recorded on the theatre system was 10m:00s per patient, with the average time-on-tonsil just 2m:59s. There was 1 patient who presented post-operatively with secondary haemorrhage that was managed conservatively. Conclusions The implementation of efficient technology, combined with innovative theatre procedural technique, short lasting anaesthetics and reduced post operative observation time allowed the half day list capacity to be increased by 333%. Complication rates in this case, and in our wider use of this technique (n=103), have been within normal range, whilst allowing greatly increased efficiency and rapid reduction of local waiting lists. Lessons learned from this conveyor-belt style practice have wide ranging potential applications across specialties that will drive efficient future practice.

Islamic Leadership Style and its Relation to the Academic Leaders’ Work Performance in Southern Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This descriptive study was conducted with the aims to investigate the academic leaders’ practice of Islamic leadership style in southern universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, to find out the level of work performance of the academic leaders perceived by their teaching faculty, and to find out the correlation between academic leaders’ Islamic leadership style with their work performance. Data were collected from teaching faculty working in different departments of four universities located in southern Pakhtunkhwa. Mean, SD, and Pearson Coefficient Correlation were applied as statistical tests for data analysis. The study’s results showed that academic leaders of different departments in southern universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, sometimes use Islamic leadership style, and their work performance is average, as perceived by their teaching faculty, Islamic Leadership style has strong correlation with academic leader’ work performance. Researchers recommended that academic leaders should practice Islamic leadership style as it ensures the exemplary performance of the leaders and organization as well.

The reality of school principals’ practice of educational leadership styles in Aqaba Governorate and their relationship to solving school problems from the teachers’ point of view

The reality of school principals’ practice of educational leadership styles in Aqaba Governorate and their relationship to solving school problems from the teachers’ point of view

LLM-Generated Multiple Choice Practice Quizzes for Pre-Clinical Medical Students; Use and Validity

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are frequently used in medical education, and practice questions are commonly requested by students. Automated generation of MCQs in board-exam format would potentially save significant time for faculty and generate a wider set of practice materials. The goals of this study were to explore the feasibility of using ChatGPT by OpenAI to generate USMLE/COMLEX style practice quiz items as study aids, and to analyze how and to what extent medical students would voluntarily use these quiz items to prepare for exams. Researchers gave second year medical students studying renal physiology access to a set of practice quizzes with chatGPT generated questions. The number and timing of click throughs to the quizzes, number of question attempts, and scores of completed quizzes were anonymously recorded by custom quiz software. Practice questions were accessed 15,245 times by a class of 399 students. The majority of quiz click throughs occurred in the time immediately preceding exams. To analyze the quality of exam items, they were evaluated by independent experts for quality and adherence to USMLE/COMLEX guidelines. These results demonstrate the feasibility of LLM-generated practice questions in medical education when supervised by a human faculty. Supported By a Grant from the New York Institute of Technology Emerging Technology Group. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

A correlational study to assess the relationship between body mass index and selected life style practices among high school students in selected schools at Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India

People in the 18.5-22.4 BMI range with high scores on the alternate healthy eating index and high levels of physical activity have the lowest risk of early mortality, while those with higher BMIs can still have a lower risk if they also have at least one low risk lifestyle component. To assess the body mass index of high school students in a selected school, lifestyle practice, find the association between selected lifestyle practices with demographic variables in high school students and association between Body Mass Index with demographic variables in high school students. Prior to starting the data gathering process, approval from BEO and the headmistresses of the chosen high schools was obtained. Canara High School and St. Aloysius High School in Mangalore hosted the primary study. The data gathering period ran from October 121, 2017, to January 1, 2018. All participants were told of the study's goal and gave their informed permission. The respondents received guarantees on the privacy and confidentiality of the data they submitted. Data from the samples were gathered by the researcher herself. In order to gather data, questionnaires about baseline data were used, along with a self-made rating scale to evaluate lifestyle behaviours and measures of height and weight to determine BMI. Karl Pearson ‘s correlation coefficient and Chi square test.The majority of samples, or 70%, had normal BMIs. Merely 20% of those surveyed were overweight. The least number of respondents (10%) were underweighted. Eighty-two percent of the respondents followed moderate lifestyles. Good living habits are present in 15% of the samples. The fewest responders (3%) led unhealthy lifestyles. Level of lifestyle habits broken down by area: The average lifestyle practice of students was 60.657.68, indicating that the majority of students follow a moderate lifestyle.A noteworthy correlation was observed between the mother's work and certain baseline factors, such as the body mass index score. Consequently, the null hypothesis was disproved. The score of a few chosen lifestyle activities and a few chosen baseline characteristics, such gender, were significantly correlated. They rejected the null hypothesis.Teenagers are the future citizens of this country, and their future depends on them. It is crucial to regularly assess students' body mass index and lifestyle choices so that those who lead unhealthy lifestyles can be quickly identified and treated appropriately to reduce their chance of developing health issues later on. Nurses will be able to teach parents and pupils about healthy lifestyle practices since they are aware of the relationship. The present study's findings have been taken into consideration for drawing the following conclusions.

Risk factors for Undiagnosed Kidney Disease among Stable First-Degree Relatives of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, South Eastern Nigeria

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem and has a major impact on health and cost of health care. In Nigeria, renal replacement therapy (RRT) is funded out of pockets by patients and their relatives unlike in most developed countries. There is a high clustering of the risk factors for CKD in FDRs of CKD patients, making then an ideal population for the screening for and the reversal of the modifiable risk factors that predispose to CKD.
 Objective: This study determined the risk factors for CKD in the FDRs of patients
 Methodology: This study involving 300 subjects: 150 FDRs of CKD patients and 150 control subjects without personal or family history of CKD. The study and control subjects were screened for CKD using urine albumin creatinine ratio (uACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Prevalence rate of the risk factors for CKD such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricaemia and life style practices like significant smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were determined for both the FDRs and the control subjects. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 21.0. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparing the variables between the two study groups for continuous variables that were not normally distributed and Chi square tests for categorical variables.
 Results: The prevalence rate of dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia was significantly higher among the FDRs of CKD patients compared with the control subjects (26% versus 12%; P = 0.003) and (20.7% versus 7.3%; P = 0.001) respectively. The other risk factors for CKD that included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, significant cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption and herbal medication use were equally more among the FDRs of CKD patients compared with the controls, although not statistically significant.
 Conclusion: The risk factors for CKD were common among FDRs of CKD patients. Screening for these risk factors at the earliest possible contact with the FDRs of CKD patients and taking appropriate actions to tackle the modifiable ones will prevent the development of CKD and retard the progression of the already existing disease, reduce the alarming global burden of CKD.

Administrative Style among Primary School Principals within the Green Line and its Relationship to Teachers' Participation in Administrative Decision-Making Process

The current study aimed to identify the administrative style practiced by primary school principals within the green line and its relationship to teachers' participation in decision-making process from the teachers' point of view. The study used the descriptive correlational survey methodology, through utilizing two questionnaires for data collection, first, a questionnaire to identify the leadership style, which consisted of (30) items distributed equally into the autocratic style, the democratic style, and the laissez-faire style, second, a questionnaire measuring the level of teachers’ participation in the decision-making process, which consisted of (25) items, distributed into the two fields: Decisions related to educational aspects (15 items), and decisions related to administrative aspects (10 items), as they were applied to a simple random sample consisted of (380) teachers.The results showed that the three leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire) came with a medium degree of practice, and that the level of teachers' participation in decision-making was medium. The results also showed the existence of a positive statistically significant correlation between the practice of the democratic and laissez-faire styles and the participation of teachers in decision-making, and the absence of a statistically significant relationship between the practice of the autocratic style and the participation of teachers in decision-making.

Leadership Style in The Private Sector: Bibliometric Analysis

Even though the private sector faces many challenges about human resources, there is still a dearth of literature on HR management methods in the private sector and private enterprise. The purpose of this research is to review the literature on private sector leadership style practices and how they affect other constructs. The Google Scholar database was chosen, and the publish or perish program was utilized to gather literature data. "Leadership style on private sector" is the keyword that is employed. 200 publications from 2018 to 2023 were found in the first search. After that, 43 references were found after the 200 literatures were chosen, Data on the most cited articles, prestigious journals, and top publishers were gathered using the Mendeley reference system and the Publish or Perish program. In addition, the VOS Viewer was used to process the 43 references to provide cluster data, which included the objects that were present in each cluster. There were also illustrations of author networks connected to keywords, overlay visualizations, and density visualizations. An overview of leadership style research is given by this study, with a focus on the commercial sector.

Behavioral aspects of accounting and auditing

Over the past 50 years, in the research of foreign scientists the issues of accounting and auditing are being considered through the theory of behavioral accounting. On the other hand, in the studies of Ukrainian scientists the behavioral accounting in accounting and auditing almost was not considered. The main meaning of the theory of behavioral accounting is not to consider the accounting and auditing exclusively in numbers, but to consider that accountants and auditors are people with a specific profession who behave according to their feelings and thoughts. It is customary to consider the concept of behavioral accounting according to the following topics: the influence of accounting information on behavior, management control, audit, ethics. The way the information is perceived and applied has an important influence on people's behavior and management decision-making. The financial and non-financial information used for decision-making is considered. The financial information plays a key role in structured decision-making problems, while non-financial information is considered more useful for problems of unstructured decision-making, such as identifying new business opportunities. For its part, two characteristic styles of information's application are distinguished: diagnostic and interactive. In the application of the diagnostic style the senior managers pay attention to the achievement of planned results, while managers who lead an interactive style practice continuous exchange of information between members of the organization. In the article it is also considered the behavioral aspects of planning, including financial, management and control. The results of employees' work can be assessed on the basis of financial indicators or on the basis of non-financial information. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. In the 1990's, the system of balanced indicators became widespread to assess all aspects of management activity, which applies both financial and non-financial indicators with an emphasis on non-financial indicators. Such a system has four measurement categories, including financial, customers, internal business processes, and employee's study and growth prospects. The theory of behavioral accounting is widely used in audit research. The following publications will consider the behavioral aspects of auditing in the context of: auditor independence, auditor professional judgment and professional skepticism, fraud in financial statements.

A Study on the Differentiation of “Tatsuno Style” Architecture between China and Japan -- Taking Tokyo Railway Station and Shenyang Railway Station as Examples

Modern architecture in China developed late, through the stage of wholesale westernization and discovery of traditional architectural styles, and embarked on the road of returning to its own culture after a bumpy ride. Japan, which has gone through a similar process in the development of modern architecture. Japan developed its own architectural style first and absorbed other cultures while exporting its own culture to the Asian countries to complete the practice and refinement of the architectural style. The Fengtian Station and the Tokyo Railway Station were built during the same period of the Tatsuno style, and the similarities and differences in building materials and design details can reflect that the Japanese designers did not copy the Tatsuno style, but rather, combined the design of the site to design according to local conditions. Conducting research through literature review and comparative analysis of case studies. Exploring the development trajectories of architecture in China and Japan to provide a reference for the development of Chinese architecture.

Laying Waste to History: Recyclia and Urban Art Traditions in Mozambique

ABSTRACT The present article examines the material and cultural foundations of art made with recycled materials in Mozambique, assessing the continuities (and discontinuities) it exhibits with urban art elsewhere. It connects the longstanding practice of recycling street waste into artwork to economic hardship, colonial history, the environmental crisis, and the increasing influence of hip hop and global urban cultural trends. While the scholarly discourse surrounding urban art has tended to focus on the street as an exhibition space and the use of materials such as spray paints that remain unaffordable for many in Africa, this study argues that despite their prevailing recourse to indoor exhibition, many of Mozambique's street ‘recyclists’ harbour similar aims, practices, and concerns to urban artists elsewhere. Considering artwork by a wide range of artists and of varying technologies, media, and overall complexity, the article thus seeks to connect existing scholarship on the use of recyclia in African arts to the much-theorised practices of street art, graffiti and style writing.

Hairdressing Practices and Alopecia among Women Aged 15 to 45 in Bamako

Introduction: Alopecia is the pathological loss of hair, a frequent sign in dermatology whose etiologies are multifactorial. Alopecia in women can lead to a loss of self-esteem leading to depression and thus alter the quality of life. Better knowledge of the etiologies will make it possible to prevent certain types of alopecia in women and to improve case management. The aim of this work is to study the causes of alopecia in women aged 15 to 45 in the dermatology department of the National Center for Support in the Fight against Disease (CNAM). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from February 2018 to February 2019, all women aged 15 to 45 consulting in the service during the study period. Case definition: alopecia any patient between the ages of 15 and 45 consulting for localized or diffuse hair loss. Results: We recruited 102 cases of alopecia out of 7223 women, i.e. a prevalence of 1.41%. The 25-35 age group represented 39%, with an average age of 28. Married women numbered 48, or 47.06%. Civil servants accounted for 28.43%. 87.25% of cases resided in urban areas. The duration of disease progression ranged from 1-12 months for 48.04% to 1-3 years for 36.28% and more than 3 years for 15.68%. The styling practices found in our cases: weaving, straightening, additions, represented respectively (97.06%, 53.92%, 72.54%); braids with addition every 04 weeks was practiced by 30 of our cases. Potash was used by 72.54% of cases for straightening. Our patients straightened their hair at a periodic rate of 3 months for 31.51% of cases, a rate of 6 months for 26.03% of cases. Alopecia was frontal seat, Traumatic alopecia was found in 33.33% of subjects practicing straightening. Rural women suffered from inflammatory causes (P=0.00005). Close straightening sessions expose to the risk of traumatic alopecia (P=0.03). Conclusion: The etiologies of alopecia are dominated by traumatic causes. This underlines the harmful effect of certain styling practices in ...

Stress Resolution in Mothers of Autism Spectrum Children: An Efficacy Study of Healthy Lifestyle Practices

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder of developmental disability that affects not only the child but their parents too. These children need support in routine chores, education, and rehabilitation that are permanent stressors of mothers with ASD children. Present research is an effort to understand these stressors of mothers with an efficacy study of healthy practices in daily life routine. This research aimed to improve the life of ASD children’s mother through daily life style practices. Study was based on pre-posttest quasi experimental research design and purposive sampling technique to select the sample of mothers with ASD children. Perceived stress scale was used as pre and posttest task. Six weeks’ intervention plan of daily life practices were scheduled according to mother’s availability which contained guidelines related to healthy food, importance of nocturnal sleep, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and spirituality. Sessions were conducted individually with one-week gap. Results revealed significant positive impact of this plan on mother’s perceived stress. Mothers of ASD children reported low levels of stress after the modification of their daily life practices. Finding further elucidates the importance of healthy life practices as coping skill to omit permanent stressors.

Pengaruh Gaya Mengajar dan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Menggiring Bola pada Permainan Sepakbola (Studi Eksperimen di SMPN 2 Manado)

This study aims to determine the influence of teaching style and motivation on learning the results of dribbling in a soccer game. In addition, this study also aims to determine the effect of motivation on both teaching styles. The teaching style in this study is the opposite of the teaching style in practice, and learning motivation is high and low. Research conducted at SMPN 2 Manado Education Development, Manado City, North Sulawesi, class VIII, 2021–2022. The research method is an experiment with a treatment-level 2x2 design and a sample size of 52 people. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Overall, there is a difference between teaching style and practice teaching style as opposed to dribbling learning outcomes; (2) for students who have high learning motivation, provide an inclusive teaching style to give a better effect than the practice of teaching style on dribbling learning outcomes; (3) for students who have low learning motivation, the provision of practice teaching style gives a better effect than the opposite of inclusive teaching style for dribbling learning outcomes; and (4) there is an interaction between styles of teaching and motivation towards the learning outcomes of dribbling.