Style Of Utterance Research Articles

Pragmatics of Communicative Tonality in Prohibiting Acts in English Educative Converse

Communicative tonality is introduced in terms of the utterance style that expresses the speaker’s opinion on the topic, assessment of interpersonal relations with the partner, in a pair with self-presentation in converse acts. It specifies the utterance proposition with the language means that are to transfer thoughtful, contemptuous, adverse, facetious, ironical, other emotional shades of speech. The research explores the notion of communicative tonality and methodology of its study in the theory of discourse and Cross-Cultural communication; examines the communicative tonality of prohibition as an aspect of pragmatic stylistics of communication; specifies its linguistic means in English-related tradition of educative converse. We propose that communicative tonality in the situation of prohibition is stylistically flexible and assembles symbolic obstacles or restrictions in a child’s conduct. Aimed at educative socializing goals, in traditional English converse communicative tonality of prohibition is characterized by dynamic unity of prohibiting genre conventions with paternalism and/or liberal-and-democratic mitigation tactics or authoritative intensification, variability of direct and indirect volition pressure acts. Mitigation in prohibition is achieved with modal verbal predicates and conditional syntactic constructions of utterances that are used by adults to explain reasons of banning or refusal. Signifying the status, the adult gives reasonable arguments, describes psychological states of sadness or disappointment. The alternations of thoughtful and friendly tonality make provision for variability of vertical and horizontal vectors of social distance while communicating with a child. Intensification of authoritativeness is marked by speech acts of strict banning, refusal, objections, which point to vertical vector of excessive control.

Utterance Style Transfer Using Deep Models

The paper describes a solution to utterance style transfer within the speaker’s identity and emotional tone exchange while maintaining the utterance’s content. Using deep generative neural networks, we developed two models that differ in introducing information related to the speaker’s identity and an additional variable representing the expected emotional category. The embedding of emotions is taken from the convolutional network that was trained to classify emotional categories. Siamese network is responsible for learning the content embeddings. The models can perform the style transfer between any two speakers with a satisfactory result. This assessment is based on a survey that considers the degree of content retention, the quality of transferring voice features related to identity, and the degree of converting emotional features into a desirable category.

COMMUNICATION STYLE PREFERENCES AND USAGE AS EMPLOYED IN A RANGE OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Aimed: The following research was aimed at establishing whether situations differentiate the use of utterance styles between affiliative, aggressive, self-defeating and self-enhancing. Additionally, an attempt was made to determine if context may induce a need to change a given utterance style. Methods: Four stories were used for the purpose of this research. Story 1 was meant as a speaker-threatening situation, whereby the participants were expected to relate to the sender. Moreover, the sender was facing a dominant addressee. Story 2 was meant as an addressee-threatening situation (ATS), whereby the sender appeared in a dominant position. Two more stories were used to illustrate situations where respectively speaker assertiveness (SAN) and addressee assertiveness (AAN) were required. Participants: There were 119 participants, average age being 21, with 54 male and 66 female participants. Results: Data was analysed by means of Student's t-test, which was to outline differences in usage regarding a given utterance style in two varied contexts. The analysis has shown that what is mostly preferred are styles which ensure positive relations with other participants as well as enhance the self, however, not at the expense of others. Thus, aggressive styles are disliked. The use of a given style seems correlated with an obligation to utilise a different style, which might be context-dependant. In self-threatening situations participants tend to opt for more control, which demonstrates their hope for a more symmetrical speaker-addressee relationship. Here also, the tendency to refrain from domineering behaviour for the sake of a better relation may be observed. The following research raises an important issue of correlation between human behaviour and situational context. The literature on the subject rarely investigates the problem of composing utterances, which would provide insight into the patterns of usage of a given style within a given context. Furthermore, the following research tries to verify whether the need to use a given style pattern is situation-dependant.

Unrecognized Prophetic Ostracon from Ḥorvat ʿUza


 
 
 The uncertainty concerning the genre of the Ḥorvat ʿUza ostracon 1 is problematized through the lens of linguistic anthropology. Although a denotative approach to the linguistic forms in this Hebrew ostracon is well attested, less attention has been paid to the indexical meaning of specific stylistic features and their semi- otic register implications. Several linguistic-ideological concepts are drawn upon to examine how the act of inscription and specialized linguistic forms align the discursive genre of the ostracon with prophecy. I seek to determine what salient discourse forms in the ostracon index the employment of habitual utterance styles of prophecy that construct context, genre, and social identity.
 
 

Robotic utterance style to promote conversation with older people in Japan

Robotic utterance style to promote conversation with older people in Japan

Robotic utterance style to promote conversation with older people in Japan

Robotic utterance style to promote conversation with older people in Japan

Impression Evaluation Focusing on the End-of-Sentence Style of Utterance in Driving Support Agent Based on Politeness Theory

Impression Evaluation Focusing on the End-of-Sentence Style of Utterance in Driving Support Agent Based on Politeness Theory

Factor Analysis of Utterances in Japanese Fiction-Writing Based on BCCWJ Speaker Information Corpus

To analyse the characteristics of utterances in Japanese novels, several attributes (e.g., the speaker, listener, relationship between the speaker and listener, and gender of the speaker) were added to a randomly extracted Japanese novel corpus. A total of 887 data sets, with 5632 annotated utterances, were prepared. Based on the attribute annotated utterance corpus, the characteristics of utterance styles were extracted quantitatively. A chi-square test was used for particles and auxiliary verbs to extract utterance characteristics which reflected the genders of and relationships between the speakers and listeners. Results revealed that the use of imperative words was higher among male characters than their female counterparts, who used more particle verbs, and that auxiliaries of politeness were used more frequently for ‘coworkers’ and ‘superior authorities’. In addition, utterances varied between close and intimate relationships between the speaker and listener. Moreover, repeated factor analyses for 7576 data sets in BCCWJ speaker information corpus revealed ten typical utterance styles (neutral, frank, dialect, polite, feminine, crude, aged, interrogative, approval, and dandy). The factor scores indicated relationships between various utterance styles and fundamental attributes of speakers. Thus, results of this study would be utilisable in speaker identification tasks, automatic speech generation tasks, and scientific interpretation of stories and characters.

Emotional Empathy Model For Robot Partners Using Recurrent Spiking Neural Network Model With Hebbian-Lms Learning

This paper discusses the development of an emotion model for robot partner system. In our previous studies, we have focused only on the robot’s emotional state. However, the emotional state of the other party is also an important factor for smooth conversation in human society. Therefore, the robot partner has two emotional structures for human: empathy and robot emotion. First, human empathy uses a perceptual based emotion model to know the human’s emotional state based on the sensory information. Next, we propose a recurrent simple spike response model to improve the robot’s emotional model, and we apply “Hebbian-LMS” learning to modify the weights in the spiking neural network. The robot’s emotional state is calculated by using the human’s emotional information, internal and external information. The robot partner can use the emotional results to control the facial and gesture expression. The utterance style is also changed by the robot’s emotional state. As a result, the robot partner can interact emotionally and naturally with human. First, we explain the related works and the development of the robot partner “iPhonoid-C”. Next, we define the architecture of the emotional model to realize emotional empathy towards human. Then, we discuss the algorithms and the methods for developing the emotional model. Finally, we show experimental results of the proposed method, and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

Matched guise effects can be robust to speech style.

When investigating how listeners evaluate the social meaning of variability in speech, researchers using the Matched Guise Technique (MGT) must decide whether to use read speech or conversational speech stimuli. An MGT experiment comparing social evaluation of /ɪŋ/ ∼ /ɪn/ variation in read and conversational speech styles found no evidence that the social evaluation of this variation differed across frame utterance styles. This suggests that use of read speech stimuli can be an appropriate methodological choice in MGT research.

Kosakata Lagu Daerah Banyuwangi: Kajian Etnolinguistik Etnik Using

The Banyuwangi folksongs, which from theoretical perspective are an expression of the culture of Using people. The folksongs are cultural product of the Using ethnic, which is a result of the interaction of the Using people with their natural and social-cultural surroundings. As a cultural product, the utterance of this folksongs has distinct characteristics. The variety of vocabulary in an utterance reflects the dynamics on communication and social life of its speakers. The differences of cultural content in the vocabulary of the utterance are caused by the differences in the strategy of adaptation and perception pattern of the people towards the natural and social-cultural environment. For a language which does not have hierarchy of register, the utterance style of that language is used by its speakers as politeness strategy to distinguish the social classes in speech.

Distributional and stylistic variation in /r/‐misarticulations: A case study

This article describes the case of a client who displayed some interesting patterns of realization of the target English phoneme /r/. These varied according to both distribution within the word, and style of utterance. We speculate as to the cause of some of these forms, and on possible therapy strategies.

A dialogue method for assisting students in understanding causalities in physical systems

This paper presents methods for modeling and assisting students' understanding of causal relationships between physical quantities based on comparative reasoning. Our tutoring system discusses causalities in an object system with the student by choosing dialogue strategies according to the student's understanding state. This state is represented by the causal network and table. Dialogue strategies are characterized by the following four elements of dialogue: control of topic, progress of dialogue, granularity of dialogue, and style of utterance. This paper also presents a method of deepening the student's understanding of the object system by comparing it with a similar system, which is generated by partitioning or simplifying the original system. The partitioned system has a causality different from that of the original system, and the simplified system has a causality similar to that of the original system. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 29(6): 1–15, 1998

Variability of speech production: A C/D-model perspective

Variability in speech signals for the same linguistic message, both systematic and random, can be described by an abstract representation of an utterance as manipulation of control variables. Random variation of linguistic variables are often considered speech errors. The C/D model converts segmental and prosodic phonological specifications supplemented by utterance parameters such as speed and style of utterance, speaker’s anatomical and physiological characteristics, emotional state, etc. into continuously variable signals. Such parameter manipulations involve slower changes in system parameters including coefficients for relating the syllable magnitude to syllable component durations, certain limited modifications of parameters in impulse response function (IRF) specifications for elemental consonantal gestures, etc. The relative stability of IRF’s provides a solid basis for the perceptual strategy in segmental identification, whereas relatively free control of base functions related to laryngeal, mandibular, and vocalic dorsal/labial adjustments, possibly with auditory feedback, constitute prosodic variability of the message. Contributions of prosodic variability to the languages’ historical evolution and child language development are also noted. [Work supported in part by research and education funds provided by ATR/ITL and ATR/HIP.]