Participative Style Research Articles

Protesting at the intersection of individual characteristics and obstacles to participation: an analysis of the in-person, online and pivoting styles

ABSTRACT Engaging with long-standing debates on the crisis of democracy, manifested as a downturn in civic involvement, this paper scrutinises the evolving landscape of protest participation. First delineating three distinct protest participation styles – in-person, online and what we conceive of as a pivoting style – we identify individual characteristics among protesters that are associated with each style and consider how different obstacles to participation are linked to these individual styles. Using novel survey data from six European countries, we show that online support can be a viable alternative for individuals unable to join protests due to obstacles they face. The online participation style is more common among people who lack connections with social contacts that can facilitate their participation. The in-person style is prevalent among older participants who are less frequent social media users while the pivoting style is more often realised among young, more biographically available people who are media omnivores. Participants who do not embrace the in-person style lack consensus mobilisation whereas those exhibiting a preference for the online or the pivoting styles face obstacles relating to action mobilisation. We conclude the article with a call for a more nuanced understanding of protest participation, as symptomatic of a transformation of democracy.

Youth activism and (de)personalized remix on TikTok

ABSTRACT Social media has provided everyday actors with a platform to share their personal stories and ideas. This has had a profound effect on activism, as movements are increasingly built up and amplified through the circulation of participants’ individualized motivations, experiences, and sentiments. TikTok has emerged as a salient site for studying this turn: it has proven to be a highly successful tool in activist campaigns, strongly affords personalized communication, and supports a main user base of young people known for emphasizing self-expression in their online participation. Since remix is the core form of sharing on TikTok, users are encouraged to insert and articulate themselves not only in the process of content creation, but in the process of circulation as well. Here, we focus on the way remix is exploited as a mode of personalizing activist content on TikTok, particularly among young users. We do so by qualitatively coding and analyzing remixed content associated with the digital activist organization Gen-Z for Change. We find that, despite expectations based on prior research and the observed behavior of older users, young users tended to resist personalization in their remix strategies. Yet, they simultaneously managed to assert their presence in ways that are meaningful on the app. Our results elaborate on digital activist strategies and the role of platform affordances therein, and add important nuance to common conceptions of youth political participation styles.

Leadership in the Employees of a Public Institution, Cajamarca

The general objective of this research was to understand the manifestations of managerial leadership in the employees of a public institution in Cajamarca. The research is qualitative in nature, based on the analysis of scientific research obtained from the review of various studies and academic documents. The main results revealed the coexistence of different leadership approaches within the institution, highlighting transformational leadership and systemic leadership, characterized by fostering skills development, promoting a shared vision, and stimulating innovation; however, the presence of autocratic leadership was also identified, suggesting the persistence of more traditional and centralized approaches in some aspects of management. The research concluded that the perception of employees regarding these leadership styles is crucial to understand their impact on motivation, satisfaction, and performance; therefore, more participatory and adaptable leadership styles should be prioritized in order to avoid feelings of dissatisfaction among workers, phenomena that manifest in autocratic or less participatory styles.

Online opinion leadership styles and purchase intention in livestreaming e-commerce

ABSTRACT As online opinion leaders and persuaders, livestreamers enable the widespread success of livestreaming e-commerce by substantially impacting viewers’ online purchase intention. Yet, extant studies have overlooked online opinion leadership styles exhibited by livestreamers and how these influence viewers’ online purchase intention. We explore this issue by developing a comprehensive framework of livestreamers’ online opinion leadership styles, comprising authentic, ethical, servant, and participative dimensions, based on both livestreaming and opinion leadership literature. Then, drawing on regulatory focus theory, the partial least square-structural equal modeling analysis of survey data collected from 321 Chinese viewers revealed that livestreamers with authentic and ethical online opinion leadership styles promote viewers’ prevention focus. Next, livestreamers with the servant and participative styles promote viewers’ promotion focus. Finally, viewers’ prevention and promotion focus propel their online purchase intention. Our findings contribute to the development of a comprehensive framework of online opinion leadership styles in computer-mediated livestreaming e-commerce.

Between consultation and partnership: participation styles in Swedish urban revitalization processes involving disabled people

ABSTRACT Inclusive urban design relies on the participation of disabled persons. This study examines how the involvement of this group is perceived and managed in three revitalization initiatives applying current legal and moral requirements, e.g. ‘universal design’. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on go-along interviews and participant observation in projects related to public places and buildings in three Swedish cities. Two participation styles were developed: Consultation and Partnership. Officials were focused on Consultation while disability organizations desired Partnership. There were overlapping styles in terms of organization, identification, and internal tensions, leading to misunderstandings about collaboration, participants’ legitimacy, and opportunities for influence.

Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Work Discipline at the Medan Tourism Academy

Basically, a leader must have capabilities to influence his subordinates to follow him and to be in accordance with the vision of the organization that has been stated. The implementation of good leadership styles may give positive contribution to the increase of employees’ work discipline. The good or bad leadership styles of a leader would affect the good or bad work discipline of employees who work under him. This study focuses on the problem of how leadership styles will affect work discipline of employees in Medan tourism academy. The purposes of the study are : 1) to determine and to analyse the impact of leadership styles on work discipline of employees in Medan tourism academy, 2) to determine and to analyse dominant variables which affect work discipline of employees in Akademi Pariwisata Medan. The hypothesis of the study is leadership styles affect work discipline of employees in Akademi Pariwisata Medan. There were 99 employees of Medan tourism academy considered as population. Using the Slovin formula, 50 samples were taken which were based upon the proportion of unit strata. The primary data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires, meanwhile the secondary data were obtained through the studies of documentation in the forms of official documents issued by Akademi Pariwisata Medan. The method of data analysis was descriptive statistical analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that simultaneously the leadership styles (authoritarian, participatory, delegative) affect work discipline of employees in Medan tourism academy. The partial test showed that participatory style of leadership was significantly dominant influential on work discipline of employees in Medan tourism academy, followed by delegative style of leadership. However, authoritarian style of leadership was not significantly influential on work discipline of employees, in accordance with test results of coefficient value t count < t table.

The transformative potential of textbooks

Education is recognized as crucial in addressing unsustainable practices, such as food waste. One of the aims of interdisciplinary food education in basic education is to promote sustainable food waste behavior, which can be promoted by transformative learning. This study examined how food waste is addressed in nine Finnish basic education textbooks. The content related to food waste and the pedagogical style of the texts were analyzed from home economics, biology, and geography textbooks designed for secondary level education (grades 7–9, age 13–16). The results were analysed to assess their potential to promote transformative learning. All of the textbooks approached the topic of food waste from the perspective of their own subject, and none presented it as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Home economics textbooks focused on students' perspectives, emphasizing food waste reduction and waste sorting. Geography textbooks frequently explored the topic in the context of the food supply chain or at a global level, while biology textbooks primarily addressed the sorting of food waste. The textbooks primarily used a neutral text style focusing on information transmission. In some contexts, a persuasive style was employed to encourage critical thinking and action. The participative style, which encourages active student engagement, was utilized the least in all textbooks, and primarily for exercises. By integrating learning-supportive text styles (such as participative and persuasive), including student tasks related to food waste, and fostering an interdisciplinary understanding of food waste, textbooks have the potential to transform student learning and engagement in sustainable food practices.

Effects of clothing congruity on male consumers’ perceptions of salesperson’s performance and consumers’ age as a moderation

The purposes of this study are to determine a) the effects of clothing congruity on male consumers’ expectation, evaluation, and functional congruity of and satisfaction with salesperson’s performance and b) whether consumers’ age moderates these effects. Clothing congruity in the study is defined as the congruence between the clothing style that a salesperson wears and the clothing style that a consumer prefers to wear. Functional congruity is defined as the difference between a consumer’s expectation and evaluation of a salesperson’s performance. A positive functional congruity indicates that a consumer’s evaluation exceeds expectation of a salesperson’s performance. Five hypotheses were generated based on the self-congruity theory and previous studies. A 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design was developed with a male salesperson wearing two styles of clothing (formal vs. casual) and participants in two age groups (adolescent vs. elderly). Data were collected from a survey of 120 male adolescents aged 16-18 and 120 elderly men aged 65-85. The results show that clothing congruity has a positive influence on expectation and evaluation of and satisfaction with salesperson’s performance. Male consumers tend to have higher expectations and evaluations of salesperson’s performance and be more satisfied with salesperson’s performance if the salesperson wears a style of clothing similar to what they prefer to wear. Consumers’ age moderates the effects of clothing congruity on expectation and functional congruity of and satisfaction with salesperson’s performance. The effects of clothing congruity are stronger among male elderly consumers than among male adolescent consumers. Academic contributions and contributions to the field are discussed.

Increasing Productivity of Gen Z Employees: The Role of Flexible Work Arrangements and Participative Style

Orientation: Employee productivity is affected by various social and psychological variables. Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and participative styles are expected to influence employee productivity.Research purpose: This study examined the effect of FWA and participative styles on employee productivity, specifically of Generation Z (Gen Z) employees. It also examines the mediating role of emotional engagement on the effect of FWA and participative styles on employee productivity.Motivation for the study: Gen Z workers have specific work-behavioural characteristics, including freedom and flexibility. This study provides empirical evidence of factors that increased the productivity of Gen Z employees by examining the influence of FWA and participative style.Research approach/design and method: This study was designed as explanatory. Data were collected using a survey involving 259 employees by purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed by the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the IBM AMOS 26 program.Main findings: Flexible work arrangement, participative style and emotional engagement affect employee productivity in direct and indirect relationships. However, there is no significant effect of FWAs on emotional engagement.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations need to develop FWA systems and more employee participation at work. It is expected to strengthen emotional engagement in their organisation and increase their productivity indirectly.Contribution/value-add: The study took Gen Z as the object of this research to support the assumption that this generation prefers a flexible way of working but still supports their productivity achievements.

Values-Based Education and the Promotion of Social Participation in Children’s Educational Leisure Organisations

As recent research has shown, the importance of integral development during childhood is a highly relevant issue linked to promoting values and participation styles in healthy and safe leisure environments, which serve as significant educational spaces for participants. Research shows that education in values is a foundation for citizens to commit to others and embrace diversity as a value and an enriching circumstance. In educational leisure spaces for children, personal and group identities are built around equity, justice, and inclusion, all of which generate greater social cohesion. The study universe of this work was made up of non-profit organisations working in the field of children’s educational leisure in the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Madrid. The methodology used was mixed and developed in three phases. The results presented here correspond to the first phase of the study (qualitative method) and focused on a content analysis, for which the categories of analysis related to education in values and the promotion of social participation were identified. Likewise, the results correspond to a specific territorial context, the historical territory of Bizkaia (northern Spain), specifically to ten non-profit organisations that develop their activity in the field of educational leisure time. The results have been organised around education in values, spaces and dynamics for social participation, and the vision of the sector’s future. The results highlight the entities’ role in methodological innovation, ethical commitment, the transmission of values, and the cultivation of participation from an early age through different activities. In conclusion, it emphasises the need for the children’s educational leisure sector to address the challenges of contemporary society.

SOCIAL ANXIETY IN ONLINE INSTRUCTIONAL DISCUSSION FORUMS: THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATION STYLES AND ICT INFRASTRUCTURE

Examination of the personal characteristics (i.e., gender, participation styles) of participants and the technical infrastructure (i.e., device type, internet connection type) of Instructional Discussion Forums (IDFs) can provide functional clues for mitigating social anxiety in these settings. In this context, this research investigated variances in learners' participation styles and social anxiety in IDFs in terms of gender and ICT availability. In addition, it explored the predictive relationships between participation styles and social anxiety. A sample of 272 freshman undergraduate students discussed various topics related to Internet ethics for three weeks through an IDF. The results indicated that participation styles differed by gender and ICT availability in several respects. First, handheld devices and cellular internet connections exerted a medium-size effect on social anxiety. Further, “to get information” and “to fulfill requirement” purposes in the “Why” dimension of participation styles had a small predictive relationship with social anxiety, as did “analytical” and “practical” participation approaches in the “How” dimension. Of these, only the “to get information” purpose negatively predicted social anxiety. Overall, participation styles accounted for 19.1% of the variance in social anxiety. Based on the findings, future directions and practical implications are suggested for both researchers and practitioners.

Interdisciplinary team members’ experiences of family meetings in an Irish rehabilitation hospital: a social work action-research project

This study set out to gain a better understanding of how family meetings are facilitated and experienced in an Irish rehabilitation hospital setting from the perspectives of interdisciplinary team (IDT) members, patients and their family members. This article reports the findings from IDT members’ perspectives. A critical-realist action-research approach was utilised that involved medical social workers (N = 15) and a social work academic. A quantitative, descriptive study design was adopted, which utilised a cross-sectional survey of IDT members. A total of 85 clinical staff responded to the questionnaire, of which 69 were fully completed. Four key themes emerged: pre-meeting engagement and preparation – a critical step; the impact of organisational structures; supporting participation; and mechanisms for effective family meetings. Findings indicate the importance of pre-meeting preparation, the mutuality of the relationships between participants, a standardised approach and the use of patient-centred and inclusive practices to achieve truly participatory family meetings. Family meetings involve complex processes in which mutual influence, context, preferences, values, information shared, the nature of the relationships involved and the communicative style of participants all play significant roles in both the process and decision-making outcomes. This study concluded that social workers are perhaps in a unique position to work with IDTs in clarifying the reality of the limits of choice and the involvement of the patient and family in rehabilitation hospital settings. In preparation for the role of family-meeting facilitation, the implementation of education and training programmes for IDT members is strongly recommended.

Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar

The aim of this literature study aims to determine, explain and analyze the leadership style of school principals in improving teacher performance. The method for writing literature studies uses a conceptual research approach relating to ideas and theories. The stages in writing a literature study include selecting a topic, searching for literature, developing an opinion, and a literature survey. Data analysis used used content analysis. The results of the literature study found that the principal's leadership style in improving teacher discipline is a storytelling style. Apart from the storytelling style, the principal also applies a situational style. The principal's leadership style in improving teacher performance is a selling (consultative) style by directing teachers to complete duties, the principal's leadership style in improving teacher abilities, namely the participative style applied during internal teacher council meetings and other meetings and the principal's leadership style in increasing teacher responsibility, is a delegative style, namely dividing authority among members to carry out organizational tasks. It is hoped that supervisors and school principals can provide encouragement and direction in the work of discipline, commitment, ability and responsibility of teachers effectively and efficiently to improve performance in schools.

Leadership Practices and Style, Managerial Effectiveness, and Job Satisfaction and Performance Among Heads of Local Social Welfare Development Offices (LSWDOS)

This study ascertained the leadership practices and style, managerial effectiveness, and job satisfaction and performance among heads of local social welfare development offices (LSWDOs) in Panay Island. Conducted in February 2023, 104 heads, selected through simple random sampling method, served as respondents of the study. Four (4) published standardized data-gathering instruments were utilized in the study-the Leadership Practices Inventory; the Leadership Style Survey; the Leadership Assessment instrument, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire; and the Agency’s Office Performance Commitment and Review and Individual Performance Commitment and Review. Statistical tools used were frequency count, percentage analysis, rank, mean, standard deviation, the eta correlation, and the Pearson’s r. Hypotheses were tested at .05 alpha level. Study results revealed that the most dominant leadership practices among heads of (LSWDOs) was “enabling others to act,” while “inspire a shared vision” was least dominant. “Model the way,” “challenge the process,” “enabling others to act,” and “encourage the heart” were extremely nurtured among the heads with participative style as their most dominant leadership style. These heads, described as great leaders, were very satisfied with their jobs and had outstanding job performance. They did not vary in their leadership practices, leadership styles, managerial effectiveness, job satisfaction, and job performance, regardless of their personal characteristics. Leadership practices, leadership style, managerial effectiveness; job satisfaction; and job performance were positively and not significantly related.

공변수 IRTree 모형을 적용한 대학전공선택검사 공학계열 문항의 성별에 따른 응답 경향성 분석

This study utilized the IRTree model to analyze specific response style in participants' item responses, irrespective of the content of the items being measured. The research instrument consisted of 30 items assessing engineering field activity preferences in the Korean College Major Interest Inventory (KCMII-2). A total of 9,069 data records were analyzed, excluding non-responses and repeated identical responses. The study explored the response process and response styles of participants in the engineering field activity preference items and investigated whether there were significant differences in response processes and response styles based on gender. The research findings indicated that among the graded response model (GRM), linear IRTree model, and nested IRTree model, the most suitable model was the nested IRTree model. The nodes within the model represented positive preference, positive extreme response, and negative extreme response for each item. Examination of the latent ability distribution for each node revealed that male students had higher latent abilities for positive preference and positive extreme response, while female students had higher latent abilities for negative extreme response. The IRTree model analysis, incorporating gender as a covariate, demonstrated that gender had a significant impact on the latent abilities at each node. In conclusion, this study suggested that applying the covariate IRTree model to various educational and psychological measurement tools can lead to more meaningful research results and their practical utilization in the future.

Face Ourselves: Striving for Antiracism in a Non-Profit

Advancing racial equity in workplaces requires ongoing and structural change. Organizations invested in this work need to view equity not as a checkbox, but as a continuous process of examination and change to organizational culture (Winters, 2020). In 2014, The Leadership Academy, a national education non-profit, began their journey to becoming an antiracist workplace. Through participatory action research methods, we focused on dismantling inequities and building empowerment, being iterative, and spurring staff’s greater awareness and action. Our journey has been undergirded by core elements of participatory research. We anchored ourselves in a commitment to supporting varying interests, perspectives, and styles of communication and participation. Here, we share what we produced and the practices we used, supported by lessons learned across our journey. We changed strategic plans, policies, and guiding values to be overtly antiracist, and we did so by supporting the voices and experiences of staff of color and spurring more involvement and accountability among white staff. These practices included affinity spaces, balancing small workgroups with whole-group discussions, and asynchronous work options. External facilitators were instrumental in helping us disrupt the structures and processes embedded in our organization; they held a mirror so we would truly face ourselves. We learned critical lessons about transparency, change management, flexibility, and relationships. Our antiracism journey at The Leadership Academy will never be done. Our dedicated, participant-led efforts yielded substantial shifts. We are eager to continue learning and pursuing deeper antiracist practices.

Attachment styles and unwanted consensual sex: Mediating role of Dark Triad traits

Past research has shown that insecure attachment, particularly anxious attachment has a role to play in consenting to unwanted sex. While previous studies have taken various factors that may come into play in consenting to unwanted sex, they have not focused on understanding the role that the personality traits of the Dark Triad could play on unwanted consensual sex, particularly in the context of individuals’ attachment styles, we are studying the participants not as perpetrators of abuse, rather how they can be susceptible to giving consent to sex when they don’t want to due to underlying factors like attachment and personality traits, particularly the Dark Triad traits of personality. The current study has 274 participants (Females = 55.50%, Males = 43.80% and Non-Binary = 0.70%) and examines the role of personality traits of the Dark Triad on the relationship between attachment styles of participants and their unwanted consent to sex. We assumed that all three traits machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy would explain unwanted consensual sex and attachment styles, but only machiavellianism and psychopathy showed a partial role in explaining the relationship between both anxious attachment and avoidant attachment with unwanted consent to sex or sexual activity. This study can be used to help in understanding the lesser discussed nuances of what underlies sexual abuse.

Narrative authority in online video: Legacy media and digital native production styles

This project examines the way journalists establish narrative authority in online video news through their strategic uses of epistemological production elements. Journalists have historically constructed video news stories with a combination of linguistic and photographic epistemic components to assert their role as authoritative arbiters of factual reality. Online news makes extensive use of video, but production formats and their associated epistemic strategies vary, largely in accordance with the traditions and values of different organizations. This study represents one part of a larger content analysis of video news narrative. It examines the epistemological choices in online video news narratives as produced by legacy print organizations (LP), TV stations (TV), or digital natives (DN). The results show that legacy traditions still divide print and TV organizations, while authority in DN video is constructed in a more diffuse and participatory style reflective of online culture.

Creative thinking does not promote dishonesty.

We assessed the relation of creativity and unethical behaviour by manipulating the thinking style of participants (N = 450 adults) and measuring the impact of this manipulation on the prevalence of dishonest behaviour. Participants performed one of three inducer tasks: the alternative uses task to promote divergent thinking, the remote associates task to promote convergent thinking, or a simple classification task for rule-based thinking. Before and after this manipulation, participants conducted the mind game as a straightforward measure of dishonesty. Dishonest behaviour increased from before to after the intervention, but we found no credible evidence that this increase differed between induced mindsets. Exploratory analyses did not support any relation of trait creativity and dishonesty either. We conclude that the influence of creative thinking on unethical behaviour seems to be more ambiguous than assumed in earlier research or might be restricted to specific populations or contexts.

46 Exploring Social Cognition Deficits Characterised by Impulsive Responding in Children

Objective:Theory suggests that symptoms of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; e.g., hyperactivity and impulsivity) may be associated with social cognition deficits characterised by fast but erroneous processing of social cues. Despite this, prior research has provided mixed evidence for (a) deficits in social cognition skills and (b) a link between such deficits and poor social outcomes among children with ADHD. We sought to clarify this ambiguity by (a) exploring variation in social cognition skills across a mixed clinical and normative population and (b) examining the demographic, clinical, and dimensional symptom profiles of children presenting with reduced social cognition skills characterised by fast but erroneous processing.Participants and Methods:Participants were children and adolescents (N = 1,097) aged 4–18 years (M = 9.02, SD = 2.72) assessed using the Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions Relationships and Socialisation (PEERS), a child-direct, ecologically sensitive measure of social cognition. Latent profile analysis of standardised social cognition scores and response times for incorrect encoding of social cues (error-response times) was used to identify social cognition profiles. Differences between each profile in terms of demographics, clinical profiles, symptom dimensions, and social outcomes were explored.Results:Four social cognition profiles were identified. Two profiles were identified as being of particular interest: one which captured typically developing children (TDC; n = 727), and another which was characterised by lower social cognition scores and faster error-response times (impulsive responding; n = 201). The remaining profiles captured the response styles of younger participants (n = 152) and children with more pervasive social cognition deficits (n = 17). Comparison of the two profiles of interest revealed a number of statistically significant differences (p < .05). Compared to the TDC group, the impulsive responding group had: higher SDQ scores for hyperactivity, conduct, emotional, and peer problems; lower IQ and prosocial scores, and; greater parent-perceived social function deficits. Children in this group were also more likely to be male and from a lower SES background. Clinically, 18% of children in the impulsive responding group had an ADHD diagnosis, and 14% had at lease one mental health diagnosis other than ADHD.Conclusions:A large minority of children (~18%) demonstrate social cognition deficits characterised by fast but erroneous processing of social cues. Although the explorative nature of this study does not allow conclusions to be made about the causes of such deficits, it is reasonable to conclude that they are not reducible to clinically significant symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity — less than 1/5 of the children in this group had an ADHD diagnosis, and 2/3 of children in this group had no mental health diagnosis at all. Child-direct tools designed to detect individual differences in social cognition skills may be beneficial in identifying individuals who will benefit from social support or interventions aimed at reducing social cognition deficits despite being missed by more traditional screening measures (e.g., clinical diagnoses). Future work should focus on understanding the causal relationships between symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, fast but erroneous processing of social cues, social cognition skills, and social outcomes for this group of children.