House Style Research Articles

Understanding Agraharam’s Culture and Importance in Interiors

The study is to understand the importance of agraharam culture and its influence and importance in interiors. It is needed for this fast-moving world and globalisation we need to preserve and need people to know about the past culture, tradition and the importance of cultural context to the society. As a result, this paper aids in understanding the significance of a specific vernacular housing style and assists interior designers in using them for interior aspects of houses. Traditional built environments are excellent examples for us to understand how physical design plays an effective role in bringing people together and creating a sense of community and, hence, ahealthy society.

Studi Kelayakan Investasi Proyek Pembangunan Perumahan Citra Harmoni Desa Sukamakmur Kecamatan Sukajadi Kabupaten Lebak

Housing is a group of houses or other buildings built together as a single development. The form varies from country to country. Housing is usually built by a single contractor with only a few house or building design styles, so that the appearance is uniform. In Asian cities such as Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Seoul, housing includes high-density tower blocks with or without commercial facilities. Meanwhile, Indonesia is one of the profitable countries for housing development. Home investment is a form of investment that is profitable in the long term. So it's not surprising that many people are interested in doing it. Houses have a stable value when compared with other investment instruments. It will not decrease even if inflation occurs. Property investment is an investment aimed at getting a return on investment or return on investment by utilizing a property. Knowing the value of housing investment returns, many business people invest in property. So it is necessary to analyze the feasibility of investment and the parameters that influence investment in this project and also the characteristics of consumers. Citra Harmoni Housing, which is located in Sukamakmur village, Sukajadi subdistrict, Lebak Regency, is a housing project whose investment feasibility we will calculate. From the analysis results of this project, the NPV calculation value for the housing project is IDR 35,913,597,917, which is certainly greater than 0, indicating that this housing project activity has financial benefits. The calculated value of the internal rate of return (IRR) is 36.943%, which is higher than the interest value of 10.9%, indicating that this housing project has a high rate of return and can be a profitable investment opportunity. The results of the Payback Period (PP) calculation show that the time required to return the initial capital in this project or investment is 1 year 7 months.

Do Where People Interact Matters to Social Capital? Comparative Analysis of Middle- and High-Rise Public Housing

As a growing country, the challenge of providing affordable housing has grown over recent years. Public housing has emerged as a leading government initiative to provide better housing alternatives, especially for low incomes. However, due to the limited land availability, public housing development has shifted from middle- to high-rise housing type. Previous studies have shown that high-rise living can have detrimental effects on low-income residents, especially regarding their social capital. This study explores the interactional spaces within both housing types, their social capital, and whether the former influences the latter. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 255 respondents in middle- and high-rise public housing for low incomes in the Jakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The results indicated some similarities as well as differences in both housing styles. Respondents in both housing types mostly interacted in corridor areas, even though the percentage was higher for the high-rise case. Moreover, while both cases lacked the same social capital indicators, the middle-rise case had a relatively better situation than its high-rise counterparts. Furthermore, it was found that interactional spaces appear to influence their social capital, and the effects were varied for both middle- and high-rise and each social capital indicator. This study concludes that the intensity of interaction within a particular space does not necessarily translate to better social capital.

The Kind of Hedonism Life Styles Found in John Hughes’s The Home Alone Movie (1990)

This research was conducted to analyze the types of hedonism that exist in the 1990 Home Alone film. Home Alone itself is not even a film that focuses on luxury, this film focuses on a situation where a child lives alone at home and is terrorized by a group of robbers who want the priceless stuffs in the house. Several scene on this movie feature scenes related to lifestyle. One of them is the hedon lifestyle. It also includes experiences that are intrinsically valuable, such as reading a good book. Hedonic lifestyles can be divided into 2 (two), as follows: (a) Egoistic Hedonism and (b) Universal Hedonism. The method of this study is descriptive and qualitative. The object of this study is to analyze kind of the hedonism life style aspect in this movie. The author collects data primary data by watching scenes in the filmHome Alone to know and understand what the meaning of scenes shown in the film. In analyzing data, author use the literature study method which requires author to find and analyze research or journals from various sources. The results of the data there are has found kind of the Hedonism like eating style, house style, fashion style, pet option, and vacation style. All of them has divided into 2 kind of hedonism type egoistic and universal hedonism. By studying the case of hedonism in the film Home Alone 1990, it is hoped that readers will be able to choose wisely in seeking satisfaction/pleasure in life. So as to avoid the bad impacts of hedonism.

Impressions of sow overgrown toes on U.S. farms: What environmental-based factors are driving this?

The purpose of this study was to poll farm managers regarding the environmental-based factors that may drive overgrown toes on-farm. All survey questions were self-reported by the participants. There was a total of 20 questions, which were separated into 6 different categories: farm demographics, flooring, sow characteristics, lameness, incidence of overgrown toes, and removal reason. The top 20 swine producing companies were chosen as potential survey participants by utilizing the Successful Farming Exclusive: Top 40 U.S. Pork Powerhouse List of 2020. Data will be presented descriptively (numbers and percentages). A total of 63 surveys (that encompassed 275,000 gilts and sows) were received. Half of the responses noted both types of gestation housing were used, and similarly, most used partial slatted flooring. The vast majority of participants reported that lactating sow flooring was cast iron. Over 75% of the participants reported that the gestation floors were “dry”. Just over 90% noted that their flooring had less than 25% fecal matter on the surface. Collectively, these reports provide a current inventory of what type of housing style, flooring material, and flooring conditions are in modern U.S. sow farms.

Employing “Issue” and “Number” in the enumeration of scientific journal releases: A brief analysis of foreign practice

Introduction. Publishers of scientific journals use the terms “Issue” and “Number” to denote individual issues of their publications. There are discussions within the professional community of scientific editors about the legitimacy of using one term over the other.Purpose. To analyse the practice of foreign journals regarding the marking of their issues with the terms Issue (Iss.) and Number (No.) to justify a strategy for the correct use of these terms in Russian scientific journals that have English-language or parallel bilingual titles.Materials and Methods. Policies of 130 foreign scientific journals indexed in the international scientometric database Scopus were analysed. All journals are distributed as open-access, are published in different countries, and cover various subject fields. An examination was carried out on the Archive section found on the official websites of the chosen journals, along with their covers and layouts available on these sites, to monitor the practices used in marking the issues.Results and Discussion. It has been found that there is no unification of issue numbering in the global scientific periodical press. The term Issue is frequently used on the websites of scientific journals, while the term Number, or no letter designation at all, is more often used on covers and other layout elements. This trend is characteristic both for the entire sample and for groups of journals grouped by individual features of belonging: to one country, to one language group of countries, to one scientific specialty. The exception is publications of major publishing houses, which use one publishing platform and / or uniform requirements for the journal format (House Style Guide) for all their journals, and thus regulate the numbering of issues.Conclusion. The accumulated international experience can contribute to the development of a unified approach to the presentation of issue numbering in Russian scientific journals and, as a result, to changes in normative documents and methodological recommendations.

Town Planning, Housing, and the Politics of Sanitation and Public Health in the Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), c. 1880 - 1950.

Colonial officials remarked disparagingly about the nature of houses and what they presented as congested layouts in Gold Coast communities. Subsequently, drawing on nineteenth-century epidemiological theory that connected diseases and poor health to defective housing and congested settlements, the colonial administration introduced measures to redesign and reorder Gold Coast communities. This article examines the connection between colonial town planning and housing measures and the politics of sanitation and public health in the Gold Coast. It argues that the colonial state's imposition of imported British town planning measures, building techniques, and housing styles in the Gold Coast and their aspiration to compel Gold Coast people to build and pattern their communities along so-called sanitary lines could not be fully realised. Thus, the extent to which colonial town planning and the accompanying transformations in African building styles improved sanitation and consequently, public health, is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, this study reveals that the local population's holistic approaches to spatial designing and planning of their communities and their building styles were somewhat altered by the colonial imposition of eurocentric town planning policies and building styles.

Perceptions of Taiwanese owners and behaviour veterinarians on behavioural problems in dogs and preferred training approaches

Dogs are popular pets in Taiwan but many owners fail to recognise and address undesirable behaviours exhibited by their dogs. Little is known about dog owner attitudes and perceptions in Taiwan. In this study, an online survey was distributed to Taiwanese dog owners to investigate their perceptions of five behavioural factors, including 35 behavioural descriptions, with 479 completed surveys received. Seven behaviour veterinarians in Taiwan were also invited to complete a similar survey to identify their perceptions of the urgency for seeking help for different behaviours. Results showed that Taiwanese dog owners were most likely to seek professional help when faced with behaviours relating to potential medical issues, fearfulness to sounds, and difficulty in handling. In contrast, Taiwanese behaviour veterinarians considered most of the listed behaviours to be urgent except for changes in appetite and mounting. Taiwanese owners were more likely to apply reward-based or environmental and day-to-day management approaches to deal with 26/35 of commonly seen undesirable behaviours, while aversive methods were more prevalently used in 9/35 of commonly seen undesirable behaviours, specifically behaviours related to destruction, aggression, and undesirable play behaviour. Respondents were most likely to ignore behaviours not involving immediate harm to humans or animals, for example, staring at nothing, mounting objects and people’s legs, tail/shadow chasing, air-snapping and lip-licking. Lastly, human factors (e.g. gender, housing style, and owners’ use of learning resources) influenced how owners perceived and responded to the canine behavioural issues posed in this study. In conclusion, there were discrepancies regarding the perceived urgency of seeking professional assistance between dog owners and behaviour veterinarians in Taiwan. To promote dog health and welfare as well as owner safety, veterinary and dog behaviour professionals in Taiwan are encouraged to incorporate the findings of this study by raising owner awareness of concerning behavioural issues, and promoting training approaches that support healthy dog-owner relationships.

General knowledge and practice of household dog owners regarding gastrointestinal parasites in Cebu, Philippines.

Canine gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites are of public health and veterinary concern and are harmful to both humans and animals. The risk of transmitting GIT parasites can be minimized depending on dog owners' knowledge and management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dog owners' general knowledge and practices regarding GIT parasites. A structured questionnaire containing 10-point Likert statements was administered to 130 respondents in Cebu, Philippines, to obtain information about their profile (age, sex, civil status, and educational attainment) and data regarding their home environment, number of dogs and other pets owned, and their knowledge and practices regarding canine GIT parasites. These respondents had previously provided canine stool samples for fecalysis. Most respondents were female (65.4%), 18-24 years old (55.4%), single (71.5%), and educated to college level (49.2%). Housing styles were mostly gated (76.9%), and >50% had a garden. The majority owned 1-3 dogs (56.9%) and did not own any other pets (73.8%). All knew about canine GIT parasites. There was a significant association between GIT parasite positivity in dogs and the owner's sex (p = 0.005). Gastrointestinal parasite positivity was also associated with the owner's knowledge about the transmission of parasites from the mother's milk to her puppies (p = 0.001), canine intestinal parasites potentially causing weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting (p = 0.001), and dogs potentially becoming infected with parasites from licking or sniffing the soil or grass where other animals have been (p = 0.005). Moreover, there was a significant association between GIT parasite positivity and the owner's practice of daily cleaning of the areas where the dog defecated (p = 0.001), deworming every 6-12 months (p = 0.001), and unfailingly following the vaccination and deworming schedule (p = 0.006). Finally, the summative knowledge and practice level of the owners were significantly associated with GIT parasite positivity (p = 0.001). This study highlights the need for continuous education of dog owners to maintain good knowledge and practices to prevent GIT parasite infection. Frequent deworming (once a month) of adult dogs is recommended.

Metataxonomic Analysis of the Uterine Microbiota Associated with Low Fertility in Dairy Cows Using Endometrial Tissues Prior to First Artificial Insemination.

The deterioration in reproductive performance in association with low fertility leads to significant economic losses on dairy farms. The uterine microbiota has begun to attract attention as a possible cause of unexplained low fertility. We analyzed the uterine microbiota associated with fertility by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dairy cows. First, the alpha (Chao1 and Shannon) and beta (unweighted and weighted UniFrac) diversities of 69 cows at four dairy farms that had passed the voluntary waiting period before the first artificial insemination (AI) were analyzed with respect to factors including farm, housing style, feeding management, parity, and AI frequency to conception. Significant differences were observed in the farm, housing style, and feeding management, except parity and AI frequency to conception. The other diversity metrics did not show significant differences in the tested factors. Similar results were obtained for the predicted functional profile. Next, the microbial diversity analysis of 31 cows at a single farm using weighted UniFrac distance matrices revealed a correlation with AI frequency to conception but not with parity. In correlation with AI frequency to conception, the predicted function profile appeared to be slightly modified and a single bacterial taxon, Arcobacter, was detected. The bacterial associations related to fertility were estimated. Considering these, the uterine microbiota in dairy cows can be varied depending on the farm management practices and may become one of the measures for low fertility. IMPORTANCE We examined the uterine microbiota associated with low fertility in dairy cows derived from four commercial farms via a metataxonomic approach using endometrial tissues prior to the first artificial insemination. The present study provided two new insights into the relevance of uterine microbiota with respect to fertility. First, the uterine microbiota varied depending on housing style and feeding management. Next, a subtle change was observed in functional profile analysis: a formation of uterine microbiota was detected to be different in correlation with fertility in one farm studied. Considering these insights, an examination system on bovine uterine microbiota is hopefully established based on continuous research on this topic.

Leadership Style of Student Production House Organization (Case Study on Label N)

The research is based on finding out how the leadership style of a production house founded by college students named Label N. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Qualitative research with a case study approach seeks to describe data in words or sentences separated by categories to obtain conclusions. Sources of data were collected through in-depth interviews regarding the leadership style applied by Label N. In the leadership style, Label N tries to establish a democratic leadership style. However, this democratic leadership style which is similar to the "four Likert system leadership style" in the fourth system, can run more smoothly if all members' views can be open in accepting each other's opinions so that when discussion no debate causes conflict. Members are also advised to keep the main focus in the discussion so as not to get out of the topic being discussed. In addition, because this leadership style is the “four Likert system leadership style" in the fourth system, we must be able to respect ideas that are data from other members, this is intended to keep things conducive to the ongoing discussions. This leadership style is also referred to as "participatory", as it allows active participation and contribution from all members in decision making

Cost Estimation Model Based on Building Information Modeling and Virtual Reality for Customizing Presold Homes

Presold homes refer to houses that are sold before construction has begun or while the construction is still underway. To facilitate the selection and purchase of houses by clients, construction companies usually use sample houses, models, or videos to show the appearance of new houses being constructed. Clients have numerous opportunities to participate in the spatial planning and spatial allocation of the houses because these houses have not yet been constructed, and clients can direct the style and materials used for interior partition walls and furnishings. However, when discussing housing styles with their clients, construction companies often depend on their imagination to create three-dimensional images depicting the interior layout of houses. Construction companies can neither immediately present new styles when clients request changes to partition walls or styles nor estimate the costs of the changes. Consequently, clients cannot immediately decide on such changes, which then leads to poor communication between the two parties. Accordingly, this study designed a system that integrates building information modeling (BIM) and virtual reality (VR). Through this system, clients can change and immediately view house styles in immersive VR and decide on whether the changes meet their demands. Furthermore, the designed system is linked to a unit price database for materials. When clients make alterations in the system, it automatically calculates the costs of the changes and then helps the client determine whether the changes are within their budgets. The results of this study indicate that the designed system can accurately and rapidly achieve cost estimation. Furthermore, the proposed system ensures consistency between BIM and virtual environment information, thereby promoting the application of BIM in the stages of a building life cycle subsequent to building design.

Developing an Evaluation System Suitable for Coastal Rural Houses’ Characteristic Style and Its Inspiration for Rural Revitalization: Case Study of Rongcheng in Shandong Province

The characteristic style of rural houses is an important manifestation of the historical and cultural values of rural areas and is the key focus of the implementation of the strategy for the construction of beautiful China and the revitalization of rural areas. Taking 17 villages in the Rongcheng of Shandong as an example, this article integrated multidimensional data, including geospatial data, survey data and socio-economic data, and constructed a suitable index system to evaluate the characteristic style of coastal rural houses in 2018 and put forward the characteristic style regionalization of coastal rural houses. The results show that the characteristic style of coastal rural houses can be measured by the overall village environment, coastal architectural value and traditional folk culture, among which the coastal architectural value is the most critical. Two villages scored over 60 points in the comprehensive evaluation, namely the Dongchu Island village and Dazhuang Xujia Community. Different dominant characteristic styles of rural houses were identified according to single-factor evaluation. Based on the evaluation results and factors such as location, nature, social economy and the status quo of protection and development management, characteristic styles of rural houses in the research area can be divided into four continuous areas: historical and cultural characteristics, folk customs and industrial development characteristics, natural scenery characteristics and folk customs characteristics. Combined with regional positioning and development planning, the construction direction of different regional types was defined, and then the protection and improvement measures of rural residential features were put forward. This study not only provides a certain basis for the evaluation, construction and protection of the characteristic features of coastal rural dwellings in Rongcheng City but also provides guidance for the implementation of rural construction planning.

적색마연토기의 생산과 교환

The introduction of farming method using paddy field and the intensive agricultural production in the mid- Bronze Age brought about major changes in society, politics and economy in the Bronze Age. The increase in production involved a series of changes in political and economic aspects such as storage and surplus, housing style, village structure and formation of hierarchies. In particular, the production and exchange system of logis- tics is very important in that it provides a decisive clue for this pattern of change.
 This study aims to approach the production and distribution system in the society of the Bronze Age by pay- ing attention to a special container called red-burnished pottery. It is possible to present the use and symbolism, the official recognition for making skill and the systemized production-exchange system of red-burnished pot- tery. The commonality and differentiation of the most representative remains of the Geum River basin and the Nam River basin are compared and reviewed in the middle Bronze Age for this purpose. The degree of stan- dardization of pottery production according to the timing and model is reviewed using the coefficient of varia- tion. And the correlation between the production system and places of consumption of red-burnished pottery is analyzed through the fall-off curve.
 Towards the middle of the Bronze Age in the two regions, it is understood that standardization is underway compared to the previous period and plain pottery, through which the systematization of pottery production can be presumed. It is supposed that the production-exchange range of red-burnished pottery in the Nam River basin went through the process of expansion and reduction centering around Daepyeong-ri over the early and mid- term, in which process medium and large villages distributed along the Nam River seem to have played a major role. In the Geum River basin, it is assumed that a relatively narrow production-exchange system was formed based on direct exchange with the Songguk-ri. The differences found in the two regions are judged to be the result of a combination of several socioeconomic factors like the role of central villages and the differentiation of regional integrated networks including the consumption of pottery.

A study of menstrual hygiene practices and associated environmental & social factors among adolescent girls in rural Puducherry

Introduction. Adolescent females were prevented from receiving the appropriate knowledge due to social restrictions and traditional beliefs, which in turn led to poor hygiene habits.
 Material and methods. A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study employing a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out in the rural field practice region of MGMCRI, Puducherry, between the 15th of March 2019 and the 31st of April 2021. The study was done in Puducherry. The comprehensive enumeration yielded a total of 528 countable teenage females.
 Results. The vast majority of the teenage females (89.2%) reported using sanitary pads, whereas just 6.6% and 4.2%, respectively, reported using fresh or reused towels. 65.3% of the girls changed their wet absorbent between two and five times during the day. The vast majority of the girls, or 60.8% of them, disposed of their spent absorbent by either burying it or burning it. 67.9% of the girls were cleansing their genitalia when they were urinating. 54.4% of people cleaned their hands using soap and water, whereas 1.4% utilized ash soil, muddy dirt, or other types of soil. There was a statistically significant correlation between the style of housing and the availability of sanitary latrines (p<0.005) in relation to menstrual hygiene behaviors.
 Conclusions. This research also highlighted the absence of sanitary toilet facilities in the majority of residences, which negatively impacted the girls' ability to maintain their privacy and led to bad practices around menstruation hygiene.
 

Correction to 'Exaggerated trans-membrane charge of ammonium transporters in nutrient-poor marine environments' (2022) by Kellom et al.

Open AccessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Kellom M., Pagliara S., Richards T. A. and Santoro A. 2022Correction to ‘Exaggerated trans-membrane charge of ammonium transporters in nutrient-poor marine environments’ (2022) by Kellom et al.Open Biol.12220268220268http://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220268SectionOpen AccessCorrectionCorrection to ‘Exaggerated trans-membrane charge of ammonium transporters in nutrient-poor marine environments’ (2022) by Kellom et al. M. Kellom M. Kellom http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7078 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , S. Pagliara S. Pagliara Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , T. A. Richards T. A. Richards Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and A. Santoro A. Santoro Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author M. Kellom M. Kellom http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7078 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , S. Pagliara S. Pagliara Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , T. A. Richards T. A. Richards Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and A. Santoro A. Santoro Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:28 September 2022https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220268This article corrects the followingResearch ArticleExaggerated trans-membrane charge of ammonium transporters in nutrient-poor marine environmentshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220041 Matthew Kellom, Stefano Pagliara, Thomas A. Richards and Alyson E. Santoro volume 12issue 7Open Biology13 July 2022 Review history Review history is available via Publons at https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/10.1098%2Frsob.220268?type=doi AbstractOpen Biology12, 220041. (Published online 13 July 2022) (https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220041)In figure 2, a typo of ‘MES > 500 m’ was introduced to the third y-axis label from the top when edited to meet house style. This label has been corrected to ‘MES < 500 m’ in the updated version of figure 2, below. Download figureOpen in new tabDownload PowerPoint Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesExaggerated trans-membrane charge of ammonium transporters in nutrient-poor marine environments13 July 2022Open Biology This IssueSeptember 2022Volume 12Issue 9 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220268PubMed:36167087Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:2046-2441History: Manuscript received07/09/2022Manuscript accepted08/09/2022Published online28/09/2022 License:© 2022 The Authors.Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Citations and impact Subjectsbioinformaticsmicrobiology molecular biology

Academic House Style and Acknowledgement Writing: the Case of Two Ghanaian Universities

This descriptive study sought to examine the structural features of Thesis Acknowledgements (TA) from two disciplines in two Ghanaian Universities. Forty TAs were sampled from the fields of Chemistry and English. Hyland’s (2004) generic move structure was modified in analyzing the sampled TAs. The data was also examined on the basis of the two institutions’ academic style guides for conformity. The findings indicate that the structural features of TAs from the two fields differ. It also revealed that out of the seven steps identified in the obligatory Elaborative Move, DoC writers generally use three steps, and DoE writers mostly use four steps. It is further revealed that while writers from the DoC mostly acknowledged contributors for their technical support, writers from DoE acknowledged their helpers for providing materials for the research. It was revealed that the data followed the institutional style guide. The paper argues that though the contextual difference in the TAs from both fields is minimal, subtle variances and parallels still exist between the two fields. Therefore, it is suggested that these variations in linguistic forms that account for the discursive styles of the TAs should be further examined. Finally, additional analysis by corpus analytic tools applied to large data from the research context could complement this study.

A Review of Bioclimatic Housing Performance in Kampung Surabaya Using Response Surface Methodology

The existence of old houses as folk's houses in urban villages or kampong in Surabaya City that are still sustainable can be a precedent for today's architecture. Kampung with residential neighborhoods and dense urban village communities with middle to lower socio-economic strata have produced many distinctive architectural styles of houses. Several studies have shown that kampung's housing has high adaptability to urban developments. A comprehensive review of adaptation, one of which is a bioclimatic adaptation, where the performance of the house building is influenced by the relationship of living organisms, climate, and shape of the building. Bioclimatic adaptation as an architectural strategy is based on comfort-based rationale and low energy to create buildings with better thermal performance. Then how does the thermal performance of old houses as cultural products in the kampung contribute to sustainable thermal comfort? For this reason, the development of a response surface methodology is used as a technique to assess building performance in a quantitative bioclimatic context to complement the qualitative description. Data or information about facts in the field of old houses were obtained from observing the physical traces of the building and interviews with the occupants of the house. Analysis with the response surface methodology will show building optimization in achieving thermal comfort with energy efficiency efforts in old houses in Kampung Peneleh, Surabaya City with various levels depending on the architectural style of the building (Javanese House, Indische House, Yankee House, Modern House). The good thermal performance of old houses can be a precedent in the bioclimatic architectural design of houses in dense settlements such as in urban villages.

OTTOMAN ARCHITECTURE

Introduction: Throughout the years, numerous factors have contributed to the formation of city identity, urban fabric, and architecture. These factors include inspirations from various civilizations and religious influences. Architecture is also determined by such physical constraints as climate, geography, and the availability of specific materials. This article in particular addresses Turkey, a vast country with significant culture, and its architecture shaped by the strong identity of the nation. Methods: The article explores the influence of diverse aspects and intangible factors on Turkish residential and sacral architecture. For that purpose, the history of the Ottoman Empire is analyzed, and the evolution of the Turkish Hayat house is examined, which is the basis of various housing styles in Turkey. Results and discussion: Political will and ambition as well as the glorification of victories in battles were the key elements behind many landmarked mosques. As for the Hayat house, it is closely associated with the lifestyle of the Turks who founded the Ottoman Empire.

Characterizing manure drying practices in Iowa commercial egg production facilities

As laying hen housing styles change throughout Iowa to meet legislative and consumer demands, drying of manure can be economically expensive and energy intensive. With about 50% of total electricity consumption and about 60% of annual electricity costs attributed to manure drying, this represents an opportunity for producers to decrease production costs while reducing electrical grid strain. To understand current practices and potential opportunities, survey data were collected from 34 Iowa egg producers in fall 2020, representing egg-laying ( n = 50), breeding ( n = 30), and rearing ( n = 20) facilities. Average (± SD) reported number of weekly manure removal events was 2.2 ± 0.50 for all housing styles with 2.4 ± 0.09 for cage-free aviaries and 2.2 ± 0.58 for conventional cage. Reported daily manure blower operation was 14.2 ± 11.0 h/d for all facilities, with cage-free aviaries operating blowers for 10.0 ± 11.8 h/d while conventional cage houses operated blowers for 15.1 ±10.8 h/d. On a per thousand bird basis, reported overall energy usage was 10.1 kWh per day, 308 kWh per month, and 3.7 MWh per year. Energy costs per thousand birds were US$0.81 per day, US$25 per month, and US$296 per year. Respondents from 16 facilities reported their facility did not have smart meters (i.e., monitoring voltage, current, power factor, and energy consumption), while 10 reported smart meter usage and 5 reported they were unsure. Managers were no more likely to be aware of facility peak demand or track peak demand regardless of whether the facility had a smart meter (aware: P = 0.09; track: P = 0.26). Interestingly, all 21 respondents reported being aware of peak demand incentives; however, only 9 (43%) respondents indicated their facilities participate in these incentives. These results provide a characterization of manure drying practices and energy usage in Iowa egg production facilities. There are opportunities to impact the manure drying process through control strategies that optimize blower energy based on environmental conditions, target manure moisture content, and peak demand periods.