Study Of Volcanic Activity Research Articles

Volcanic Environments: Robots for Exploration and Measurement

The study of volcanic activity is important from a scientific point of view as it allows for a better understanding of one of the most spectacular geological phenomena and of the working principles that are at the basis of geophysics. Furthermore, there are numerous events that directly result from volcanic eruptions and that affect many populations. Therefore, improving the prediction methods of eruptive phenomena would be of great benefit. There are more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes in the world, and roughly 10% of the world's population live in areas directly threatened by volcanoes. In all of these areas, volcanoes have a strong influence on many day-to-day activities. The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland in April 2010 caused the cancellation of more than 100,000 European flights and, consequently, left more than 10 million passengers stranded. Each year, on a graver note, many regions in the world are destroyed or heavily damaged by lava or pyroclastic flows, in some cases, resulting in numbers of casualties that could have been avoided with the improvement of early warning systems.

Remotely monitoring volcanic activity with ground‐based Doppler radar

Concern about hazards that volcanic plumes pose, especially to aviation safety, has led scientists for about two decades to use satellite sensors in different wavelengths for the detection and study of volcanic activity. Together with ground‐based meteorological radars, these techniques now enable tracking the ascent and dispersal of large eruptive clouds, making reflectivity mapping, determining plume heights, measuring gas (SO2) and aerosols content, and estimating particle sizes and total mass of gas and fine ash [e.g., Harris and Rose, 1983].However, there is still a crucial need for direct measurements of particle velocities, especially near an emission vent, to constrain physical and numerical models of eruption dynamics, which in turn should improve our predictive capacity regarding plume behavior.

Planetary volcanism: a study of volcanic activity in the solar system

The nature of volcanic activity, theoretical models of its role in planetary evolution, and the evidence for volcanism on the planets and planetary satellites are examined in an introductory overview for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Chapters are devoted to volcanism as a planetary process, the generation and evolution of magmas, magma ascent and eruption, the properties and behavior of volcanic flows, volcanic landforms, the distribution of volcanic rocks in the solar system, and volcanic plains and their development. Consideration is given to lunar volcanism, shield volcanoes and paterae, volcanism on Io, volcanism on icy satellites, and the rheological analysis of volcanic flows.

Volcanoes of the Solar System and Planetary Volcanism: A Study of Volcanic Activity in the Solar System

Book review of Volcanoes of the Solar System by Charles Frankel and Planetary Volcanism: A Study of Volcanic Activity in the Solar System by Peter Cattermole

Analysis of active volcanoes from the earth observing system

A study of volcanic activity and its effects on the atmosphere is one of 28 interdisciplinary investigations, for the Earth Observing System (EOS), due to be launched in 1997 and 1999. The volcanology investigation will include long- and short-term monitoring of selected volcanoes, the detection of precursory activity associated with unanticipated eruptions, and the detailed study of on-going eruptions. The data collected will allow us to address two aspects of volcanism: volcanic padforms and the atmospheric effects of eruptions. A variety of instruments on the two NASA EOS platforms, together with supplemental data from the Japanese and European platforms, will enable the study of local- to regional-scale thermal and deformational features of volcanoes, and the chemical and structural features of volcanic eruption plumes and aerosols. This investigation fits well within the overall goal of the EOS Project, which is to study the regional and global interrelationships between components of the Earth System, because it specifically investigates the links between volcanism, atmospheric chemistry and short-term (1–3 year) climate change.

The Study of Volcanic Activity on Vesuvius

ON January 7 I had the good fortune to witness one phase of a minor eruption of Vesuvius in the company of Prof. Malladra, the distinguished director of the Vesuvian Observatory, and I shall be grateful if you will allow me the hospitality of your columns to direct the attention of all our younger geologists and mineralogists to the exceptionally favourable opportunities now presented by the mountain for the study of volcanic phenomena. The great crater left after the violent eruption of 1906 has been gradually filling up, and its floor is now within some 250 feet of the rim. On this floor stands an eruptive conelet, the apex of which is not far below the level of the rim of the 1906 crater, from which its explosions and ejections can be well observed.