Study Of Morphological Parameters Research Articles

Morphological parameters of geese blood in amidostomy invasion

The vital activity of the body of waterfowl depends on many factors, but primarily on the state of the erythrocytopoiesis system. This is a unique mechanism that occupies a dominant position in ensuring tissue respiration and stability of metabolic processes in the body. Based on research and analysis of publications, it can be argued that changes in erythrocytopoiesis indicate a pathological condition, which in the early stages of helminthiasis occurs without pronounced clinical signs. It is known that the nematode – Amidostomum anseris – hematophagous. The condition of erythrocytopoiesis is most studied in cattle and carnivores. In Ukraine, not enough attention is paid to the study of morphological parameters in geese. Therefore, in order to determine the effect of amidost on the morphological parameters of sick goslings, an experimental group of birds aged 1.5 months, as well as a control group (eight heads in each) was formed. The work was performed in the conditions of individual peasant farms in the village of Decembrists of Myrhorod district of the Poltava region. Morphological parameters were studied according to generally accepted methods. The article summarizes the results of the experiment on the effect of amidostom on the performance of infested goslings of the large gray breed. It was found that parasitism in waterfowl species A. anseris led to changes in the overall analysis of the blood of geese: a decrease in hemoglobin by 8.39, the number of erythrocytes – 13.46 %, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes to 24.44 G/l. At the same time, a morphological study of the shaped elements of the bird's blood with a differential calculation of the leukocyte formula was performed. There was a decrease in the number of segmental neutrophils (22.0 ± 0.57) compared with the control group (26.5 ± 1.45) due to lymphocytes and monocytes, which, in our opinion, is associated with the adaptation of the organism to parasitism of nematodes. The results of morphological studies of the blood of infested goslings indicate significant changes in their body and may indicate activation of the cellular immune system.

Morphological characteristics pf Heifei saffron (Crocus heuffelianus Herb.) in the Podilsky Tovtry national nature park

The article performs the results of the study of morphological parameters of individuals of the population of Crocus heuffelianus Herb on the territory of the nature reserve fund in the conditions of the Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park. The aim of our research was to study the morphometric parameters of Crocus heuffelianus to establish the adaptive capacity of the species in the study area. The morphometry of 50 generative individuals of Crocus heuffelianus growing in the 10th quarter of the Chemerivtsi environmental scientific-research department was performed.The general characteristic of the dynamics of vegetative cover on the investigated territory is representes basing on the conducted geobotanical descriptions of phytocenoses with the participation of Crocus heuffelianus Herb. Crocus heufellianus grows within 10 quarters in the forest crops Quercus robur L. (twenty-five years old), plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. (forty years old) and in the area with the group of QUERCO-FAGETEA BR.-BL. ET VLIEGER 1937, Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawі. 1928, Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Mayer 1937 where eighty-year-old Carpinus betulus L., Quercus robur L. predominate. The analysis of measurements was carried out in the studied population of the species: plant height together with inflorescence; length and width of leaves. According to the results of our study, it has been found out that the height of plants in the population ranged from 7.6 cm to 14 cm. On average, this figure was 10.3 ± 2.0 cm. The size of the leaves of the predominant number of individuals in the population was characterized by the following anatomical and morphological parameters: width – 0.2-0.7 cm, length – 4.9-10.7 cm. It is shown that the vast majority of individuals of the species have one flower. Crocus heuffelianus has some variability of morphological features in the studied population. This indicates a significant potential for the species to grow in different environmental conditions, which can not be realized under conditions of increased anthropogenic pressure. The unique plain localities of this Montana-Alpine species on the territory of the Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park have a high sozological and scientific significance and require systematic, long-term monitoring.

EFFICIENCY OF INDEZ DISINFECTANT APPLICATION IN PRODUCTION CONDITIONS

The article presents the results of a study to research the effectiveness and safety of disinfectant "Indez" as a sanitizing substance for the prevention of bacterial infections of poultry, as well as its effect on the respiratory system. In the course of the experiment, broiler chickens from 2 poultry houses were used, where each of them had 10,000 heads of Cobb crosses, which were kept by the floor method. Before and after the use of disinfectant "Indez" measurements of total bacterial contamination were carried out, including sanitary-indicative (coliform bacteria) microflora of poultry, and also studied the effect of disinfectant on the morphological and biochemical parameters of poultry blood. Blood for morphological and biochemical studies was taken in the morning before feeding, by puncture of the axillary vein on the 5th, 10th and 20th day of the experiment. Morphological parameters were determined in the blood of broiler chickens, and in the serum were determined: total protein content, protein fractions, bilirubin level, alkaline phosphatase (LF) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The investigated means "Indez" was used to rehabilitate the poultry house by uniformly sprinkling the surface where the chickens were kept at the rate of: the first sprinkling 80 g / m2, and the following - once a week 50 g / m2. In the poultry house, where the chickens of the control group were, the premises were not disinfected. Analysis of the obtained data on bacterial air pollution in both experimental poultry houses shows that after the use of the drug "Indez" the level of total bacterial contamination decreased in the poultry house № 1 in 3.35 times, including sanitary-indicative microflora in 2.83 times . In the poultry house № 2 after treatment with the test agent, the level of total bacterial contamination was - 573.3 thousand microns. cells / m3 of air, which is 1.5 times less than before treatment. At the same time, the level of coliform bacteria decreased by 1.68 times. The influence of disinfectant on the dynamics of hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens is analyzed. In the study of morphological parameters of the blood of broiler chickens under the conditions of application of disinfectant "Indez" on the 20th day of the experiment in both groups of birds their hematological parameters did not differ statistically and fluctuated within the parameters of physiological norm:
 hemoglobin concentration (95.6 ± 0.6 and 95.4 ± 2.04 g / l, respectively), the number of erythrocytes (3.6 ± 0.24 and 3.5 ± 0.16 T / l), leukocytes (23.8 ± 0.37 and 24.2 ± 0.58 G/l). When studying the biochemical parameters of the serum of broiler chickens, it was found that the activity of the enzymes AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase in the experimental and control groups of chickens during the experiment remained at the same level - from 233.75 ± 3.36 to 238.67 ± 1.28 U/cm3, from 17.4 ± 1.21 to 20.28 ± 1.11 U/l and from 64.2 ± 1.88 to 65.20 ± 2.18 U/l, respectively. It should be noted that the serum of control and experimental birds after remediation "Indez" during the experiment, the content of total protein and albumin, as well as the level of α-, β- and γ-globulins were at the same level with slight fluctuations within the physiological norm: 58.02±1.07– 60.74±1.17 g/l and 33.2 ± 0.65–34.38 ± 1.1%, as well as 16.44 ± 0.68–17.39 ± 0.87%, 13.3 ± 0.91–14.92 ± 0.77% and 33.7 ± 1.03–36.9 ± 0.98%, respectively. The index of total bilirubin in the serum of the control and experimental groups of chickens was also within the parameters of the physiological norm both before and after disinfection of the poultry house in the presence of poultry: from 1.87 ± 0.28 to 2.13 ± 0.22 μmol / l . The displayed results indicate that the use of disinfectant "Indez" for disinfection in the presence of birds did not cause visible clinical changes in the body. The safety of the use of the drug "Indez" in poultry houses in the presence of poultry is proved by the results of hematological and biochemical studies, as well as confirmed by the results of pathological autopsy.

Морфометричні ознаки Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) в різних фітоценозах Шосткинського геоботанічного району Сумської області (Україна)

У складі різних фітоценозів рослини Plantago major L.зазнають значного антропогенного впливу і потребують детального вивчення та розробки заходів щодо збереження та відтворення його популяцій. Питання зміни морфометричних параметрів залежно від типу лісу та густоти насаджень залишаються недостатньо вивченими. Вивчення морфологічних показників P. major дозволяє цілеспрямовано втручатися у процеси росту та розвитку рослин, більш повно використовувати природні властивості рослин, зберігати та відтворювати популяцію та підвищувати її продуктивність. У цій статті проаналізовані розмірні особливості рослин P. major та визначені їх морфометричні особливості в різних фітоценозах Шосткинського геоботанічного району Сумської області. Для визначення розмірних параметрів рослин досліджуваного виду ми зробили морфометричний аналіз. З цією метою в досліджуваних ценопопуляціях оцінювали ряд статичних метричних та статичних алометричних параметрів.Рослини P. major проявляють досить різноманітний характер змін величини морфопараметрів відносно угруповання в якому вони зростають. Формування рослин P. major. в угрупованні Plantagetum (majoris) urticosum (dioici), відрізняються найменшими статичними метричними та алометричними показниками, що указує на наближеність місцезростань до умов еколого-ценотичного стресу. І навпаки наявність в угрупованні Pinetum (sylvestris) sorboso (aucuparii)–urticosum (dioici) великорозмірних особин P. major , які виділяються ще й найвищими значеннями низки як, статичних метричних та алометричних показників, указує на наближеність цього місцезростання до еколого-ценотичного оптимуму та відношення популяції до процвітаючих.Виходячи з отриманих результатів, можна сказати, що розмірна структура ценопопуляцій P. major, суттєво змінюється при переході від одного фітоценозу до іншого. Ця особливість вказує на здатність даного виду до адаптації в різних умовах зростання. На основі отриманих кількісних та якісних характеристик ценопопуляцій досліджуваного виду ми можемо більш чітко оцінити ресурсний потенціал P. major та запропонувати науково обґрунтовані підходи до раціонального використання наявних запасів цінної лікарської сировини в зоні дослідження.
 На основі отриманих кількісних та якісних характеристик ценопопуляцій досліджуваного виду ми можемо більш чітко оцінити ресурсний потенціал P. major та запропонувати науково обґрунтовані підходи до раціонального використання наявних запасів цінної лікарської сировини в зоні дослідження.

Morphometric parameters ofConvallaria majalis L. in the conditions of different phytocenoses in the Yampil district of Sumy region

Introduction . There is a decrease in the populations of many species, which prompts us to find directions and ways of regulating the mechanisms of development of natural phytocenoses as a result of radical changes in natural ecosystems. As a part of the forest phytocenoses, C . majalis undergoes significant anthropogenic effects and requires detailed study and development of measures for the preservation and reproduction of its populations. The issues of changing the morphometric parameters, depending on the forest site type and the stand density, remain poorly studied. The study of morphological parameters C . majalis allows to interfere purposefully in the processes of growth and development of plants, to use more fully the natural properties of plants, to preserve and reproduce the population and increase its productivity. Purpose . To estimate dimensional sizes of C. majalis plants and to determine their morphometric features in different forest phytocenoses in Yampil district of Sumy region. Methods of research. We made a morphometric analysis to determine the dimensional parameters of plants of the researched species. For this purpose, a number of static metric and static alometric parameters were evaluated in the studied cenopopulations. Based on the generally accepted approaches of morphometric analysis, such parameters from the number of static metric parameters were determined, in particular, the height of the main shoot (H), the diameter of the main shoot (D), the number of leaves (NL), and the buds (B), the total weight of the plant (W), of all leaves (WL) and of one leaf (W1L), total weight of generative organs (Wg) and total area of leaf surface(A). We estimated leaf area ratio (LAR=A/W), leaf weight ratio (LWR=WL/W), heartwood ratio (HWR=H/W), height diameter ratio (HDR=H/D), absolute diameter ratio (ADR=A/D); specific leaf area (SLA=A/WL) and reproductive effort: (RE1=(Wg / W) x 100%, RE2=(Wg / A) x 100%) from static alometric parameters. Results . Each of the morpho-parameters has its own specific features regarding changes in values upon transition from one cenopopulation to another. At the same time, the greatest values of four (the weight of one leaf (W 1 L =2,03 + 0,030 g), the weight of all leaves ( WL =4,06 + 0,03 g); the diameter of the main shoots (D=0,5 + 0,01 mm) and the number of buds ( B =3,1 + 0,04 pieces)) of the nine static metric parameters that were evaluated in C . majalis are recorded in the Pinetum ( sylvestris ) coryloso ( avellanae )– urticosum ( dioici ) population. Plants from this group are also differed from the largest values of three of the eight evaluated static alometric parameters, such as: leaf area ratio ( (LAR=15,2 + 0,35 cm 2 / g) and the parameter of the reproductive effort ( (RE1=69,9 + 7,88%, RE2=4,6 + 0,53%). At the same time, plants from this group have comparatively low indicator of such a morpho-parameter as heartwood ratio ( HWR = 4,24 + 0,054 cm/g), with the values of this characteristic in the researched populations within the range of 4,03-6,07 cm/g. It was registered the lowest values of the four static parameters (height of the main shoot ( H =29,7 + 1,04 cm), the diameter of the main shoot ( D =0,3 + 0,015 mm), number of buds ( B =2,5 + 0,12 pieces.), weight of generative organs ( Wg =0,3 + 0,03 g)) and of three alometric parameters ( heartwood ratio (HWR=4,0 + 0,150 cm/g), parameter of reproductive effort (RE1=4,5 + 0,47 %, RE2=0,32 + 0,039 %), at the same time, they have the highest values - height diameter ratio (HDR =111,2 + 5,28 cm/cm) and absolute diameter ratio (ADR=404,9+35,19 см2/см) in the cenopopulation of Querceto ( roboris )− Tilietum ( cordatae ) fragariosum ( vescae ) . Originality . We are able to distinguish more clearly the features of ecological-cenotic optimum, to estimate the resource potential of C. majalis and to propose scientifically grounded approaches for the rational use of available stocks of valuable medicinal raw materials in the research area on the basis of the obtained quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the cenopopulations of the researched species. Conclusions. Plants of C. majalis show a rather diverse nature of changes in the magnitude of morphological parameters relative to the group in which they grow. Formation of plants C. majalis in the group Querceto (roboris)−Tilietum (cordatae) fragariosum (vescae),), is characterized by the smallest static metric and alometric parameters indicating the proximity of places to ecological-cenotic stress conditions. Conversely, the presence in Pinetum ( sylvestris ) coryloso ( avellanae ) – urticosum ( dioici ) of large-sized individuals, which are also distinguished by the highest values of a number, static metric and alometric parameters, indicates the proximity of this location to the ecological-cenotic optimum.

Comparative study of morphological parameters of Grand Nain banana (Musa AAA) after in vitro multiplication with growth retardants

The incorporation of growth retardants (GR) such as ancymidol (ANC) or paclobutrazol (PBZ) in liquid culture media during multiplication stage of bananas decreases the excessive growth of stems and leaves. However, it is unknown if these chemicals have residual effect on further plant growth. To study the effect of ANC and PBZ on Grand Nain banana shoots, they were subcultured for five cycles in the multiplication stage and evaluated in elongation-rooting and acclimatization stages. Multiplication basal medium was Murashige and Skoog supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 thiamine-HCl and 17.7 μM 6-benzylaminpurine (6-BAP), 9.75 μM ANC or 8.5 μM PBZ. Multiplied Grand Nain banana shoots were transferred to elongation-rooting stage and later on to ex-vitro conditions. The evaluation of GR residual effect and somaclonal variation on Grand Nain banana plants was determined through a comparative study of several morphological parameters in elongation-rooting and acclimatization stages. All morphological parameters evaluated in the elongation-rooting stage showed a similar performance with the exception of the pseudo-stem diameter of the vitroplants treated with both GR. There were significant differences for plant height in the acclimatization stage when shoots were multiplied in a medium containing ANC. The similarities of the parameters evaluated in both stages and the normal morphology recovery of vitroplants multiplied with PBZ suggest that there were no residual effects by adding PBZ to the culture media. The addition of ANC induced significant differences in plant height during the acclimatization stage.