Study Of Hoards Research Articles

Hoarding in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence, clinical correlates, and cognitive behavioral therapy outcome.

Hoarding, common in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has specific clinical correlates and is associated with poor prognosis. However, there are few studies of hoarding in pediatric OCD. This study estimates the occurrence of hoarding symptoms in a sample of children and adolescents with OCD, investigating possible differences in demographic and clinical variables between pediatric OCD with and without hoarding symptoms. Furthermore, the study investigates whether hoarding symptoms predict poorer treatment outcomes after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The study sample comprised 269 children and adolescents with OCD, aged 7-17years, from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, who were all included in the Nordic long-term obsessive-compulsive disorder Treatment Study. All had an OCD diagnosis according to the DSM-IV and were treated with 14 weekly sessions of manualized, exposure-based CBT. Hoarding symptoms and OCD severity were assessed with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and group differences in treatment outcome were analyzed using linear mixed-effect modelling. Seventy-two patients (26.8%) had one or more symptoms of hoarding. Comorbid tic disorders (p = 0.005) and indecision (p = 0.024) were more prevalent among those with hoarding symptoms than those without hoarding symptoms. In addition, youth with hoarding symptoms had a different OCD symptom profile. Having symptoms of hoarding did not affect CBT outcome (p = 0.933). Results from the study suggest that CBT is equally effective for those with and without hoarding-related OCD.

E.03.02 - Hoarding disorder: update on neurobiology, diagnosis and treatment

Compared to studies in adults, there have been few studies of hoarding in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In the current study, we evaluated OCD clinical features, Axis I disorders, and social reciprocity scores in 641 children and adolescents with OCD, of whom 163 (25%) had hoarding compulsions and 478 did not. We found that, as a group, youth with hoarding had an earlier age at onset and more severe lifetime OCD symptoms, poorer insight, more difficulty making decisions and completing tasks, and more overall impairment. The hoarding group also had a greater lifetime prevalence of panic disorder, specific phobia, Tourette disorder, and tics. As measured with the Social Reciprocity Scale, the hoarding group had more severe deficits in parent-rated domains of social communication, social motivation, and restricted interests and repetitive behavior. In a multivariable model, the overall social reciprocity score, age at onset of OCD symptoms, symmetry obsessions, and indecision were independently related to hoarding in these children and adolescents with OCD. These features should be considered as candidate risk factors for the development of hoarding behavior in pediatric OCD.

Hoarding in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Compared to studies in adults, there have been few studies of hoarding in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In the current study, we evaluated OCD clinical features, Axis I disorders, and social reciprocity scores in 641 children and adolescents with OCD, of whom 163 (25%) had hoarding compulsions and 478 did not. We found that, as a group, youth with hoarding had an earlier age at onset and more severe lifetime OCD symptoms, poorer insight, more difficulty making decisions and completing tasks, and more overall impairment. The hoarding group also had a greater lifetime prevalence of panic disorder, specific phobia, Tourette disorder, and tics. As measured with the Social Reciprocity Scale, the hoarding group had more severe deficits in parent-rated domains of social communication, social motivation, and restricted interests and repetitive behavior. In a multivariable model, the overall social reciprocity score, age at onset of OCD symptoms, symmetry obsessions, and indecision were independently related to hoarding in these children and adolescents with OCD. These features should be considered as candidate risk factors for the development of hoarding behavior in pediatric OCD.

The Changing Face of Republican Numismatics

Roman Republican coins have been of considerable interest to antiquarians, collectors and historians for several hundred years. Perhaps their greatest attraction has lain in the great variety of designs used, sometimes with an obscurity appealing to the antiquarian mind and sometimes with a more obvious series of allusions to some of the famous personalities of the late Republic, since the Renaissance one of the principal areas of interest in antiquity. Since that time there have been three main lines of enquiry into Republican coins. First, there has been the collection and publication of as many different and new specimens of the coinage as possible. Nowadays, this is not a very important aspect of the subject, since the result of the intense interest in these coins over such a long period has been that something like 99 per cent of the coinage is already known, to judge by the fact that very few new types ever turn up, despite the continuing large quantity of new material that comes to light from hoards, excavations and old private collections. The new pieces are generally confined to 'gap-fillers', for instance, the discovery of a particular bronze denomination for a moneyer for whom it had not previously been recorded. This is not very exciting. Only occasionally have more interesting pieces come to light, for instance the denarius of Octavian of 43 B.C. with the head of Caesar on the reverse, or the unique aureus from the Castagneto hoard (now in Berlin) with a portrait of Octavia, the first portrait of a Roman woman. The second main focus of interest has traditionally been on the designs used and their interpretation. This is an area that has not attracted so much interest in contemporary British scholarship, though it has been taken much more seriously in the continental tradition, its main modern proponents being Alf6ldi and Weinstock. Even if their conclusions and indeed methodology have sometimes seemed questionable, their intentions and approach were undoubtedly correct, namely to use the designs of coins to help explain and illuminate contemporary history, and vice versa. The prerequisites for such correct historical interpretation are an accurate description of each coin design and the establishment of the date at which it was minted. Dating the coins has been the third very important aspect of the subject. Many methods have been used, based on style, metrology, hoards or nomenclature. Far and away the most important of these is the study of hoards, since the absence of a coin issue or group of common issues from a particular hoard will normally provide an objective indication that it was produced after those issues that were included in the hoard. The study of enough hoards, all with slightly different terminal dates, should in theory enable one to work out with a reasonable degree of precision the order in which the moneyers made their issues. An appreciation of this methodology and the importance of hoards for establishing the correct sequence goes back a long way, beginning in the nineteenth century. The process begun then is still far from completion, as there are several periods where even today there is hardly any relevant hoard evidence: within the last decade three large hoards have thrown much light on the coinage of about I25, ioo and 55 B.C., respectively. These three aspects, the collection of material, its interpretation and its dating, dominated the subject in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The two landmarks in twentieth-century study were the publication of the British Museum Catalogue in I9IO by H. A. Grueber (although in fact this was mainly the publication of work carried out a generation before by Count de Salis), and the publication in I952 of The Coinage of the Roman Republic by E. A. Sydenham. Sydenham's book was not very advanced, even by the standards of its day, but it remained the standard reference book for two decades until the publication in I974 (actually I975) of Crawford's Roman Republican Coinage (=RRC). The recent publication, in I985, of another major book on Republican numismatics from the same pen, Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic (=CMRR), provides the opportunity to look at the development of the subject over the last decade or so, and to assess the very substantial impact that C. has made on