Study Of Dermatophytosis Research Articles

A study of dermatophytosis in patients attending dermatology outdoor patient department at a tertiary care center

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissue caused by dermatophytes. The dermatophytes are included in three fungal genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. The infections caused by dermatophytes are known as ringworm or tinea infections. Although there are increasing numbers of antifungals available for the treatment of dermatophytes, some cases and relapses have been unresponsive to treatment. The aim and objectives of the present study are to identify the dermatophyte species causing superficial fungal infections and study their susceptibility to antifungals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytosis of patients attending the dermatology outdoor patient department were studied. The samples of these patients were collected and processed for microscopic examination and fungal culture. The causative dermatophytes were isolated and identified. Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes was done by Epsilometer strip minimum inhibitory concentration method against antifungal agents – fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine.RESULTS: The most common clinical presentation in patients found was tinea corporis. Maximum dermatophyte isolates obtained on culture were Trichophyton rubrum. On antifungal susceptibility testing, terbinafine showed good results compared to azoles.CONCLUSION: Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes could be performed to study response and assist clinicians in choosing an effective therapy for patients.

Microbiological study of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary care Hospital in South-west Bihar

Microbiological study of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary care Hospital in South-west Bihar

Clinico-mycological Study of Dermatophytosis and Their Antifungal Susceptibility, A Hospital Based Study

Background: Dermatophytosis refers to superficial fungal infections of keratinized tissues caused by keratinophilic dermatophytes. It is the most common of the superficial fungal infections. Nowadays, these fungal infections are at a rise and run a prolonged course despite of treatment due to resistance to conventional antifungal agents. There is a felt need to conduct an epidemiological studies to know the change in the pattern and causes of widespread resistance.
 Objectives: This study was aimed at identifying clinico-mycological patterns of dermatophytic infections in patients attending the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Birgunj and the adjoining areas.
 Methods: The study included cases of clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis from the outpatient department of Dermatology of National Medical College, Birgunj. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected as per proforma and skin scraping, hair plucking, and nail clipping were done and materials were examined microscopically by KOH mount then cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and antifungal susceptibility were done by disk diffusion test.
 Results: here were 349 patients recruited in the study, with a male: female ratio of 1.6:1. The most commonly affected age group was 20–29 years (27.3%). Tinea corporis was the most common type observed (38.1%). Potassium hydroxide positivity was seen in 228 samples (65.3%) and culture positivity was found in 202 samples (57.9%). The most common species identified was Trichophyton rubrum (55%). The most sensitive drug was itraconazole, and more number of resistances was noted with fluconazole.
 Conclusion: Dermatophytic infection is ecumenical in distribution with increased frequency in tropical and subtropical countries with variable epidemiology. Inadequate and irregular use of antifungal drugs has led to the emergence of resistant strains, which cause poor treatment outcomes. Thus, it is essential to test for antifungal sensitivity to check for resistance to antifungals.

English

English

Clinico-mycological study of dermatophytosis in a tertiary-care hospital in Ghaziabad

Introduction: Dermatophytosis is a superficial infection, which varies according to the geographic region wise, socio-economic level of the population, time of study, climatic variations, presence of domestic animals and age. Aim: To determine the clinical profile of dermatophytic infections and causative fungal species in the various clinical presentations. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 samples of clinically suspected dermatophytosis were collected. Direct microscopy by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) was done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Out of 105 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, Tinea corporis 47 (44.8%) was the commonest clinical type followed by tinea cruris 19 (18.09%), Commonest age group affected was 31-40 years (27.6%) with male to female ratio of 2.38:1. Of the dermatophytes isolated, T. rubrum 19 (51.35%) was the most common followed by T. mentagrophyte 16 (43.24%) and E. floccosum 2 (5.4%). Conclusions: The major types of tinea were tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Among dermatophytosis, T. rubrum was the predominant etiological agent present and DTM being a good screening medium in the laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to SDA with antibiotics. Keywords: Dermatophyte test medium, Dermatophytosis, Sabouraud dextrose agar, Tinea.

“A clinico epidemiological study of dermatophytosis in a tertiary care center, Ujjain”

Introduction: Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause infections of the skin, hair & nails due to their ability to invade keratin. Dermatophytosis is the most common superficial fungal infection worldwide, more common in tropics and subtropical regions. It may present in epidemic proportions in areas of high humidity. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed to determine the distribution and to identify the clinical types of dermatophytosis that are prevalent in Malwa region. Materials and Methods: A total of 298 samples were collected from infected skin, hair and nails for a period of 1 year.Samples were collected under aseptic condition by skin scrapping, nails and hairs clipping by using scalpel or forceps and were then subjected to direct microscopy by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount. Results: Dermatophytosis manifested more in the age group of 21-30 years, with male predominance. Among various clinical types, tinea cruris was the commonest type. Direct microscopy on KOH mount revealed the presence of dermatophytic fungi in 71.8% of the samples. Conclusions: Dermatophytosis is the commonest disease presenting in dermatology clinics and are responsible for myriad of clinical manifestations in human. Empirical use of steroid/mixed preprations, poor patient compliance due to high cost and changing dress sense are some important contributing factors for the real upsurge in incidence and prevalence of dermatophytosis in the last few years. Keywords: Dermatophytoses, Tinea cruris, Tinea corporis. Introduction Dermatophytes are a group of closely related filamentous fungi that can cause infections of the skin, hairs & nails due to their ability to utilize keratin.[1]They are classified into three genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Trichophyton rubrum has been the most common isolates. These superficial cutaneous mycoses affect 20% to 25% of the world’s population.[2]In the present scenario of India, dermatophytoses

Clinicomycological study of dermatophytosis in a tertiary care centre

Background: Fungal infections constitute a major health problem all over the world. Signs and symptoms induced by various dermatophytic infections are hardly distinguishable clinically from each other. Hence, characterisation by in vitro culture is required for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment as well as for studying the epidemiological characteristics in a region. Objectives: The objectives of this study are: (1) To isolate and identify dermatophytes affecting skin and nail. (2) To compare two different culture media, namely Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA, Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai) with Chloramphenicol and Actidione with dermatophyte test medium (DTM, Hi-Media Laboratories). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which patients attending the outpatient wing of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, with clinical features of dermatophytosis were included from March 2011 to February 2012. Skin and nail scrapings were subjected to direct microscopy by 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), 40% KOH and cultured on SDA with Actidione (Hi-Media Laboratories) and DTM (Hi-Media Laboratories). Results: The total number of samples in this period was 150, of which 99 (66%) samples were positive by direct microscopy and 74 (49.33%) were positive by culture. The most common clinical type was tinea corporis 75 (50%) followed by tinea cruris 40 (26.67%). Out of the 74 isolates, Trichophyton rubrum 40 (54.05%) was the most common species followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes 29 (39.19%), Microsporum gypseum three (4.05%), Trichophyton schoenleinii one (1.35%) and Epidermophyton floccosum one (1.35%).Nearly 86.1% of the dermatophytes were isolated on DTM within 5-10 days of inoculation whereas 47.05% were isolated on SDA within 10 days of inoculation. This was statistically significant with P < 0.0001 (χ2 = 22.43). Conclusion: DTM can be used as a rapid screening medium for the isolation and identification of dermatophytes compared to SDA with Actidione. However, DTM is inferior to SDA with Actidione in the identification of dermatophyte species.

Clinico-Mycological Study of Dermatophytosis in and around Kakinada

Background: Dermatophytosis is a clinical condition caused by a fungal infection of the skin in humans and domesticated animals. Currently up to 20% of the population may be infected by one of the dermatophytes. Objective: To isolate and identify the fungal agents from clinical samples of dermatophytosis patients in and around kakinada. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples from 150 patients were subjected to potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination and culture. Causative organisms are identified macroscopically and microscopically. Statistical analysis was done by chi square test. Results: Out of 150 samples, 120 shown KOH positive and 66/120 (55%) samples were culture positive. Of these isolation rate of dermatophytes was 70/120 (58.3%) among these, 66 were Trichophyton species, 3 were Microsporum species, 1 was Epidermophyton floccosum. T. rubrum was the major isolate about 35(29.1%) strains. The male to female ratio of the positive cases was recorded as 11:3. The most effected age group was 21-30years (40%) followed by 31-40 years (28.6%). Conclusion: It may concluded from the present study that Tinea corporis is more frequently encountered condition followed by Tinea cruris. T.rubrum was implicated as major predominating species followed by T.mentagrophytes. Unhygienic conditions among low socioeconomic group, frequent migration of laborers, workers, hot and humid climatic conditions may be some of the contributing epidemiological factors. The study signifies the importance of mycological examination of dermatophytoses samples for effective management and also for epidemiological studies.

Clinical Study of Dermatophytosis Caused by Microsporum canis

Clinical Study of Dermatophytosis Caused by Microsporum canis

A Clinical and Mycological Study of Dermatophytoses in Chungcheongnam-do Province (2008~2012)

A Clinical and Mycological Study of Dermatophytoses in Chungcheongnam-do Province (2008~2012)

A Study of Dermatophytes in Dogs and in vitro Response of Psoralea corylifolia Essential Oil

Fungal activity of the essential oil extracted from Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae), was studied against dermatophytic fungi like Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. In this paper we report on the study of dermatophytosis in dogs of Jaipur. Out of 110 samples studied the incidence of ringworm infection was about 50 %followed by pyodermas 22.72 %, allergic skin 18.18 and parasitic skin was the lowest of 0.9 %. In screening of the essential oil, extracted from seeds of the plant, by using disc diffusion method, the diameter of inhibition zone was found to be 20 mm, 35 mm and 37 mm for M. canis, Tr rubrum and Tr mentagrophytes respectively. By using micro dilution method, the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil was studied. Results show that Minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oil with reference to M. canis, Tr rubrum and Tr mentagrophytes are 1.4 μl/m1,0.4 μl/ml and 0.5 μl/ml.

Outbreak of tinea gladiatorum in wrestlers in Tehran (Iran).

Background:In recent years, skin diseases in wrestling have finally received the attention they deserve. Outbreaks of tinea corporis are often associated with sports involving extensive bodily contact; such sports include wrestling. Tinea corporis gladiatorum is primarily caused by Trichophyton tonsurans, infecting wrestlers at alarming rates. The management of skin infections in wrestlers and other athletes in sports involving skin-to-skin contact entails numerous challenges, from making an accurate diagnosis to determining eligibility for playing the sports. To control outbreaks, we conducted an epidemiologic investigation. The purpose of this article is to determine the prevalence of tinea corporis gladiatorum in wrestlers in Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods:A study of dermatophytosis was carried out during the period of March 2004 to December 2005 on 612 mycological proven cases of dermatophytosis found in male wrestlers in Tehran. Mycological examination consisted of culturing of pathologic material followed by direct microscopic observation. Diagnosis was based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies.Results:T. tonsurans was the predominant dermatophyte, accounting for >90% of all tinea corporis gladiatorum isolates during the 2 year analysis. Tinea corporis gladiatorum was found to be more frequent in individuals between the ages of 10 and 20 years of age (72.7%). Wrestlers with tinea corporis gladiatorum were predominantly from wrestling clubs in southern and southeastern Tehran. Transmission of tinea corporis is primarily through skin-to-skin contact.Conclusion:Rapid identification and treatment of tinea corporis gladiatorum is required to minimize the disruption of team practices and competitions. Infection with dermatophytes can disqualify a wrestler from competing in matches, and thus, vigilant surveillance and rapid initiation of treatment is important to prevent the suspension of team practices and competitions.

A study of dermatophytosis in South West of Iran (Ahwaz)

Two hundred and seventy nine patients suspected of having fungal lesions were examined. Skin scrapping, hair samples and nail clippings were collected from patients. Direct and culture examinations were performed for all samples. About 115 cases of examined subjects had dermatophytosis. Dermatophytosis occurred mainly in adults males (20-29 years). Tinea cruris (24.3%) was the most common type of dermatophytosis followed by tinea pedis (16.5%), tinea corporis (14.8%), tinea ungium (13%), tinea capitis (11.3%), tinea faciei (11.3%), tinea manuum (7%) and tinea barbae (1.7%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most prevalent species followed by Epidermophyton floccosum.

A study of dermatophytoses in Sana'a, Yemen Republic.

The present study describes the extent and causative agents of dermatophytoses in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen Republic. Out of 1100 patients with various skin diseases, 16.6% were affected with dermatophytoses. Among them, 70% were male and the age group 11-20 years was most susceptible to tinea infections. Tinea corporis was the most common disease, followed by tinea capitis. One hundred and seventy isolates of dermatophytes related to 9 species were identified. Microsporum canis was the most prevalent species, followed by Trichophyton violaceum.

A study of dermatophytoses in Hamadan, the governmentship of West Iran.

In order to determine the extent and causative agents of dermatophytoses in the Hamadan region of West Iran; a study was made during a 9-month period from October 1991 to June 1992. A total of 7495 individuals were studied of whom 681 (9%) were suspect of having cutaneous mycoses. Among them dermatophytoses were the commonest infections (259/681 = 38%). Of 259 individuals infected with dermatophytes, tinea capitis were observed in 163 (62.9%); t. corporis in 27 (10.4%); t. manuum and t. cruris in 19 (7.3%) each; t. barbae and faciei in 14 (5.4%); t. pedis in 13 (5%) and t. unguium in 4 (1.5%). A total of 144 patients yielded dermatophyte cultures. The frequency of the isolated species in decreasing order was as follows: Trichophyton verrucosum, 78 (54.1%); T. schoenleinii, 48 (33.3%); Microsporum canis, 8 (5.5%); Epidermophyton floccosum, 5 (3.5%); T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum, 2 (1.4%) each; T. tonsurans, 1 (0.7%). In conclusion, the most prevalent dermatophytosis in this region was t. capitis with the infecting agent of T. schoenleinii.

Epidemiologic study of dermatophytoses in Salamanca (Spain).

An epidemiologic study of the dermatophytoses in Salamanca (Spain) from 1973 to 1976 was performed. Dermatophyte species were identified in 224 patients with clinical tinea infections; 31 bovines, 18 rodents and 70 soil samples. The prevalence of Trichophyton verrucosum and Epidermophyton floccosum was strikingly high in relation to other statistics. The most common clinical forms were tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Tinea capitis by anthropophilic species was uncommon.

TREATMENT OF HYPERHIDROSIS AND SYMMETRIC LIVIDITIES OF THE FEET

IN THE course of a study of dermatophytosis in the infantry troops at Fort Benning, Ga., numerous cases of severe inflammation of the feet were encountered which could not, on the basis of our evidence, be ascribed to fungous or to pyogenic infection or to sensitization to footgear. It appeared that the essential cause was hyperhidrosis. The cases were of two types. DIFFUSE HYPERHIDROSIS The larger group was of men who showed excessive sweating of the entire foot. The skin was often macerated. There was frequent erythema and edema of the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the toes and often denudation of the corneal epithelium and fissures on the webs of the toes. In a number of men definite nonsuppurative cellulitis of the toes developed. All toes were uniformly involved, and the complaints of the men were of burning and pain rather than of itching. In 201 such cases fungi

DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN INDUSTRY

A study of dermatophytosis in industry was made with the object of obtaining some data in reference to: (1) the incidence of dermatophytosis in industry; (2) the possible spread of dermatophytosis in industrial shower rooms and locker rooms; (3) whether the presence of fungous infection predisposes to the development of industrial dermatitis; (4) the differential diagnosis between dermatophytids and industrial dermatitis of the hands. The investigations were carried out in industrial plants in the District of Columbia, New Jersey, Connecticut, Indiana and Louisiana. A total of 2,123 workers were examined in two munitions plants, three plants processing steel and other metal parts and one plant making glass products.¹Two of the plants were revisited at different seasons. As the studies progressed it was found that cultures for pathogenic fungi were desirable for comparison with clinical diagnoses. Therefore, cultures were made from the last 819 workers