Study Of Changing Patterns Research Articles

Highland-lowland interaction in mountain regions: a study of changing patterns among Bhotiya tribes of Garhwal Himalaya

Highland-lowland interaction in mountain regions: a study of changing patterns among Bhotiya tribes of Garhwal Himalaya

Patterns and reasons of migration to urban Odisha

The study of changing patterns and reasons for migration has tremendous policy implications. Odisha as an economically developing state of India represents a very low level of urbanization but around fifty percent of the urban population are migrants. Analysing census of India data through commonly used measures of descriptive statistics, this paper studies the changing patterns and reasons for migration to urban places of Odisha. This paper is descriptive, yet has come up with new findings and raised a few questions requiring further investigation. The rising trend of urban-to-urban migration along with the feminisation of migration are two such issues.

Neo-Liberalism and the Decline of Democratic Governance in Australia: A Problem of Institutional Design?

This paper is a preliminary attempt to evaluate changing patterns of democratic governance, at least in Westminster-style parliamentary settings, and possibly more generally. It has two specific purposes: first, to propose a paradigm for evaluating the empirical evolution of democratic governance; and second, to illustrate the explanatory potential of this paradigm through a mini-case study of changing patterns of governance in one particular polity. The conceptual framework is drawn from March and Olsen's eponymous study (1995) from which polar (‘thick’ and ‘thin’) forms of democratic governance are derived. Four conjectures about its evolution are then explored. First, in its mass party phase, the pattern of democratic governance approximated the ‘thick’ pole. Second, the subsequent evolution of democratic politics has been in the direction of the ‘thin’ (minimalist or populist) pole. Third, the cause of this shift was a failure to adapt political institutions to changing citizen identities, which was masked by the ascendancy amongst political elites of the neo-liberal account of governance. Fourth, the paper considers the means by which democratic governance might be renewed. The approach is applied to explain changes in Australian politics over recent decades.

Datapoints: Trends in psychiatric practice, 1988-1998: II. Caseload and treatment characteristics.

880 D the past decade, dramatic changes have been documented in the practice of psychiatry. This column is the second in a series examining the changing characteristics of practicing psychiatrists, their activities, and provision of treatments (1). The columns are based on the results of two surveys, the 1988–1999 Professional Activities Survey (PAS) and the 1998 National Survey of Psychiatric Practice. In 1998 psychiatrists reported seeing, on average, six more patients a week than they saw in 1988. The number increased from 35 to 41 patients per week (t=6.15, df=913, p<.001). On average, the proportion of patients aged 65 years and older grew from 9 percent of psychiatrists’ caseloads in 1988 to 13 percent in 1998 (t=6.31, df=1,222, p<.001), and the proportion of patients under 19 years of age decreased from 15 percent to 10 percent (t=5.66, df= 1,626, p<.001). As shown in Figure 1, in 1998 psychiatrists’ caseloads included significantly more patients with affective disorders (t=19.68, df=869, p<.001) and fewer patients with personality disorders (t=15.85, df=1,067, p<.001). A significantly larger proportion of patients were seen as outpatients in 1998 (data not shown)—76 percent versus 68 percent in 1988 (t=7.01, df=456, p<.001). The percentage of inpatients in caseloads fell from 29 percent to 17 percent over the same period, and the proportion of patients treated in partial hospitals or other settings doubled, from 3 percent to 6 percent. The data in Figure 2 reflect psychiatrists’ responses to questions in the 1998 survey about the types of treatment they provided in their most recent typical work week. They reported providing medication to more than 80 percent of their patients and some form of psychotherapy to about two-thirds. Only about a fifth of their patients received some form of insight-oriented psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In 1988 about 40 percent of outpatients seen by psychiatrists in private practice received medication, and 74 percent received some form of psychotherapy. The data reported here provide no information about the appropriateness and quality of the treatments. The findings are similar to those of other studies of changing patterns in psychiatric treatments. Changes in the provision of medication and psychotherapy may be partly the result of greater availability of safe and effective psychotropic drugs as well as substantial changes in the financing of mental health care (2).

POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION, MUNICIPAL FRAGMENTATION, AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT IN CARACAS, VENEZUELA

During the past decade, governments throughout the developing world have implemented policies promoting political and economic decentralization. To date, the study of decentralization has focused on political issues, while the consequences of these policies for geographical patterns of development have been largely ignored. This paper explores the geographical impacts of political decentralization with a study of changing patterns of real estate development in the metropolitan area of Caracas, Venezuela. In Venezuela, decentralization policies have created incentives for the fragmentation of the metropolitan area into a number of municipal governmental units, each pursuing its own developmental strategy. Resulting changes in the geographical patterns of real estate investment are examined. Particular consideration is given to development of a socially exclusive, multifunctional enclave within the city, that both divides and reorders the spatial structure of Caracas. [Key words: decentralization, municipal governance, real estate markets, Caracas, Venezuela.]

International adjustment and finance: Lessons of 1985–91

This is a review article of a conference volume on the effects of dollar depreciation in 1985 on the balances of payments of the U.S., Japan, and Germany. The body of the book consisted of in-depth country studies of changing patterns of foreign trade which asked whether the changes from 1986 to 1990 were consistent with the predictions of economists and the expectations of policymakers. On the basis of the evidence, Krugman concluded that exchange rates do promote adjustment and that the international mechanisms had worked about as well as could be expected from 1986 to 1990. This review article maintains a contrary conclusion; that the overvalued dollar from 1981 to 1985 severely injured the import-competing sector of U.S. manufacturing. As a result, the American external deficit widened for two years after depreciation, and stability was not restored to the external position by 1990 even though the dollar had been at the level of 1980 for about three years. This crippling of import-displacing manufacturing also helps to explain the unique character of the 1990–91 recession.

The Ok Tedi Health and Nutrition Project, Papua New Guinea: physique, growth and nutritional status of the Wopkaimin of the Star Mountains.

A survey was carried out to establish baseline anthropometric and health data in the Wopkaimin, a small group of Mountain Ok-speaking hunter-horticulturalists who live in a remote and isolated part of the Highland fringe of Papua New Guinea, where a major gold and copper mine is being developed. Malaria is hyperendemic in the region and infant mortality has been estimated at approximately 230 per thousand. A 79% sample of the population was examined and the results of the anthropometric survey are reported. Wopkaimin childrens' heights and weights are well below the 50th percentile of British standards throughout growth; at maturity boys' weights and girls' heights and weights are at or below the 3rd percentile, and boys' weights are just above the 10th percentile. Wopkaimin children lag far behind British children in percentage of adult height achieved at all ages, and appear to attain maturity at least four years later. This relatively slow growth and short adult stature may represent an adaptive response to chronic nutritional deprivation, for which there is evidence from skinfold thickness and arm circumference measurements. Younger adults are significntly taller, heavier, fatter and more muscular than older adults; possible explanations for this are discussed. Within the sample, individuals living in villages less than a day's walk from the mine town are significantly taller, heavier and fatter than those living further away, and there are also similar significant anthropometric differences between employed and unemployed men. Ready food availability which has come with the mine development appears to be the most likely explanation for these differences. A continuing study of changing patterns of health and nutrition in the area has been initiated.

Bombay in the 1870s: A study of changing patterns in urban politics

Bombay in the 1870s: A study of changing patterns in urban politics

Pan-Islam as Proto-Nationalism

Previous articleNext article No AccessPan-Islam as Proto-NationalismNikki R. KeddieNikki R. Keddie Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 41, Number 1Mar., 1969 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/240345 Views: 48Total views on this site Citations: 16Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1969 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Omair Anas Three Transitions in Turkey’s Foreign Policy, (Feb 2022): 17–36.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93515-3_2Serpil Atamaz From Enemies to Friends with No Benefits: The Failed Attempt at an Ottoman–Iranian Alliance in the Aftermath of the 1908 Revolution, Iranian Studies 54, no.5-65-6 (Nov 2021): 879–905.https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1868290Kaveh Farrokh Pan-Arabism and Iran, (Feb 2021): 2157–2164.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29901-9_258Kaveh Farrokh Pan-Arabism and Iran, (Mar 2020): 1–8.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_258-1Shoko Watanabe THE PARTY OF GOD: THE ASSOCIATION OF ALGERIAN MUSLIM ʿULAMAʾ IN CONTENTION WITH THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT AFTER WORLD WAR II, International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no.22 (May 2018): 271–290.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743818000065Raja M. Ali Saleem Nationalism and Islamization: Is There a Causal Link?, (Jun 2017): 1–30.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54006-1_1Immanuel Ness, Zak Cope Movements and Ideologies, (Jan 2016): 805–973.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230392786_5Andrew F. March Political Islam: Theory, Annual Review of Political Science 18, no.11 (May 2015): 103–123.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250 Imperial ideologies: cultural practices, (Mar 2014): 79–165.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337794.003Mário Artur Machaqueiro Foes or Allies? Portuguese Colonial Policies towards Islam in Mozambique and Guinea, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41, no.55 (Dec 2013): 843–869.https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2013.835983DAVID MOTADEL ISLAM AND THE EUROPEAN EMPIRES, The Historical Journal 55, no.33 (Aug 2012): 831–856.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X12000325Noor-Aiman I. Khan Introduction, (Jan 2011): 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230339514_1Willfried Spohn Multiple Modernity, Nationalism and Religion: A Global Perspective, Current Sociology 51, no.3-43-4 (May 2003): 265–286.https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392103051003007Arnold H. Green Political Attitudes and Activities of the Ulama in the Liberal Age: Tunisia as an Exceptional Case, International Journal of Middle East Studies 7, no.22 (Jan 2009): 209–241.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800023187Edmund Burke Pan-Islam and Moroccan resistance to French colonial penetration, 1900–1912, The Journal of African History 13, no.11 (Jan 2009): 97–118.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700000281G. Masselos Bombay in the 1870s: A study of changing patterns in urban politics, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 1, no.11 (Feb 2011): 29–55.https://doi.org/10.1080/00856407108730652