Population Studies Research Articles

The importance of IgG glycosylation-What did we learn after analyzing over 100,000 individuals.

All four subclasses of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have glycan structures attached to the protein part of the IgG molecules. Glycans linked to the Fc portion of IgG are found in all IgG antibodies, while about one-fifth of IgG antibodies in plasma also have glycans attached to the Fab portion of IgG. The IgG3 subclass is characterized by more complex glycosylation compared to other IgG subclasses. In this review, we discuss the significant influence that glycans exert on the structural and functional properties of IgG. We provide a comprehensive overview of how the composition of these glycans can affect IgG's effector functions by modulating its interactions with Fcγ receptors and other molecules such as the C1q component of complement, which in turn influence various immune responses triggered by IgG, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In addition, the importance of glycans for the efficacy of therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy is discussed. Moreover, we offer insights into IgG glycosylation characteristics and roles derived from general population, disease-specific, and interventional studies. These studies indicate that IgG glycans are important biomarkers and functional effectors in health and disease.

Higher hair cortisol levels associated with previous cardiovascular events and cardiovascular risks in a large cross-sectional population study.

Stress is today a common feature of patients seeking medical care and a growing public health issue in society. A method has been developed to measure biological chronic stress by Hair Cortisol Concentrations (HCC). This biomarker, for chronic stress, captures information about cumulative cortisol levels over the course of several months. Long-term stress might be one of the factors contributing to the onset of cardiovascular conditions and also affecting different risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between Hair Cortisol Concentrations and previous cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. The method of measuring chronic stress by Hair Cortisol Concentration was applied in a large Swedish national observational cross-sectional study. A population-based random sample of N = 4,821 Swedish middle-aged men and women was analysed for hair cortisol levels in relation to diagnosed previous cardiovascular diseases and biologically measured cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term stress, measured by hair cortisol, was significantly associated with the classical cardiovascular risk factors hypertension and high cholesterol, but not smoking. Those with elevated HCC levels also had a significantly increased pre-history of myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation and by-pass surgery, but not regarding stroke, angina pectoris or sleep apnoea. Higher HCC was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with Body mass index and waist circumference, but only for females. HCC was also associated with the risk markers leukocytes, and high-sensitivity CRP, indicating a possible linkage between HCC and inflammation and hypothetically also the bodily immune defense. No association was found between perceived stress and HCC. An overall conclusion of our results is that health care should put more emphasis on patients reporting that they have been exposed to long term stress. Altogether, these analyses of Hair cortisol levels in a large middle-aged population show that chronically elevated cortisol levels represent a relevant and significant factor associated with cardiovascular diseases and classical cardiovascular risk factors.

Early prediction and impact assessment of CYP3A4-related drug-drug interactions for small molecule anti-cancer drugs using human-CYP3A4-transgenic mouse models.

Early detection of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can facilitate timely drug development decisions, prevent unnecessary restrictions on patient enrollment, resulting in clinical study populations that are not representative of the indicated study population, and allow for appropriate dose adjustments to ensure safety in clinical trials. All of these factors contribute to a streamlined drug approval process and enhanced patient safety. Here, we describe a new approach for early prediction of the magnitude of change in exposure for cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 related DDIs of small molecule anti-cancer drugs based on the model-based extrapolation of human-CYP3A4-transgenic mice pharmacokinetics to humans. Victim drugs brigatinib and lorlatinib were evaluated with the new approach in combination with the perpetrator drugs itraconazole and rifampicin. Predictions of the magnitude of change in exposure deviated at most 0.99 to 1.31 fold from clinical trial results for inhibition with itraconazole, while exposure predictions for the induction with rifampicin were less accurate with deviations of 0.22 to 0.48 fold. Results for the early prediction of DDIs and their clinical impact appear promising for CYP3A4 inhibition, but validation with more victim and perpetrator drugs is essential to evaluate the performance of the new method. Significance Statement The described method offers an alternative for the early detection and assessment of potential clinical impact of CYP3A4-related DDIs. The model was able to adequately describe the inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism and the subsequent magnitude of change in exposure. However, it was unable to accurately predict the magnitude of change in exposure of victim drugs in combination with an inducer.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs for Breast Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Narrative Review of Epidemiological Studies from Taiwan.

This review aims to describe the association of integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs into conventional medicine (CM) in preventing breast cancer and improving survival rates among breast cancer patients of Taiwan. Of 7 relevant studies, spanning 2014-2023, 4 investigated breast cancer risk in women with menopausal symptoms and other comorbidities. All 4 reported that TCM herbal use was associated with lower risks of developing breast cancer. Three studies investigated survival in newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients receiving CM. All reported that adjunctive TCM users had lower mortality rates than CM-only patients. However, the heterogeneity of study designs, populations, and interventions may limit the generalizability and robustness of the findings. TCM herbs may promote breast cancer prevention and survival when used alongside CM. More rigorous observational research and clinical trials in specific patient populations are needed to guide clinical decision-making.

Signatures of circumbinary disk dynamics in multi-messenger population studies of massive black hole binaries

Signatures of circumbinary disk dynamics in multi-messenger population studies of massive black hole binaries

Factors associated with anxiety in colorectal cancer survivors: a scoping review.

Anxiety is one of the most common psychological issues among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. It can interact with physical symptoms, impacting cancer progression, survival, and quality of life. This scoping review aims to explore the factors associated with anxiety in patients with CRC and the instruments used to measure anxiety. Using Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework for the scoping review, studies investigating anxiety in CRC patients published in CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus between 2013 and 2024 were included. We analyzed fifty-one studies for this review. The review identified several risk factors and consequences of anxiety in CRC patients. The risk factors were classified into six domains using Niedzwiedz et al.'s (2019) framework: individual characteristics, social/ contextual factors, prior psychological factors, psychological responses to diagnosis and treatment, characteristics of cancer, and treatment. The consequences of anxiety were classified into three categories: global health status/quality of life, functions, and symptoms/problems. The most frequently used tool was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with International Classification of Diseases codes being the second most used. This scoping review highlighted the intricate interaction between biological and psychosocial aspects in the lives of CRC survivors. It also identified unique factors associated with anxiety among these individuals. However, the review found some inconsistencies in the results related to anxiety-related factors, potentially due to differences in study populations, designs, measurement tools, and analysis methods. This review underscores the potential for interventions targeting modifiable factors to prevent or reduce anxiety and enhance the quality of life for CRC survivors.

Data resource profile: Exploring freely accessible data describing wider determinants of health in England

IntroductionIn England, life expectancy has stalled and significant decreases observed in certain geographical areas and populations. The cause of this involves complex dynamics between an individual's health, characteristics, lifestyle, and their wider environment known as the wider determinants of health which are key to good life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and prevention of long-term medical conditions. Knowing the availability, breadth, features, and linkage potential of datasets relevant to wider determinants of health is important for exploring trends and associations for policy and public health planning. MethodsA systematic mapping of internet content identified accessible datasets relevant to wider determinants of health in England with town level geographical granularity or lower. Search terms were used in search engines and chatbots to identify weblinks subsequently examined for eligible datasets. Results105 potential weblinks to datasets were identified. Of these, twenty-one weblinks were explored further after exclusion of those: not accessible or currently live (n = 13); duplicated across search engines (n = 17); providing information only (i.e. no raw data, n = 14); did not provide freely accessible data (n 3); were not relevant to wider determinants of health (n = 17); lacked geographical granularity (n = 26). Eighty-nine datasets of interest were compiled with sub-town level data aggregation. Approximately half (n = 47, 52%) were from the England and Wales census 2021, with the remaining sources including government bodies, public services, and research datasets. Datasets covered many valuable categories of wider determinants of health. Key data gaps included food consumption, social care data and community/voluntary services. ConclusionIn England, access to data relevant to wider determinants of health is good and available at relatively small geographical resolution. Accessible datasets were identified and compiled within multiple categories of wider determinants of health as a useful data resource to explore wider determinants of health at place if linked to relevant health data or population studies. Key Features This data resource profile describes a systematic mapping of freely accessible population data on wider determinants of health in England. To the authors knowledge this is the first comprehensive compilation of freely accessible data resources of this kind. This data resource profile was created to support research into the mechanisms and impact of wider determinants on the health of populations in England but is applicable to research and populations studies wider than this. Eighty-nine datasets were identified that may be of use to researchers in health and other population data fields. Datasets are held separately but many have the potential to be linked through common geographical area codes to other relevant datasets such as health data. The datasets originate from multiple sources including government bodies, public services, and research datasets. They cover many key categories of wider determinants of health including socioeconomics, employment, housing, support services, and the environment. Key data gaps included food consumption, social care data and community/voluntary services. The data resource profile in this article links directly to freely accessible datasets at the time of publication in the tables provided. The authors welcome contact from researchers for collaboration on exploring wider determinants of health through data use. Please contact Dr Melanie Rees-Roberts m.rees-roberts@kent.ac.uk

A Group Parenting Intervention for Male Postpartum Depression

Male postpartum depression is prevalent across populations; however, there is limited evidence on strategies to address it, particularly in low-income settings. To evaluate the effectiveness of Learning Through Play Plus Dads (LTP + Dads), a nonspecialist-delivered psychosocial intervention, in improving symptoms of male postpartum depression compared to treatment as usual. This cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, between June 2018 and November 2019. Assessors were blind to treatment allocation. Participants were recruited from 2 large towns in the city of Karachi via basic health units. Fathers aged 18 years and older with a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive episode and a child younger than 30 months were recruited. Of 1582 fathers approached, 1527 were screened and 357 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or treatment as usual; 328 were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed from April to June 2022. LTP + Dads is a manualized intervention combining parenting skills training, play therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy. The intervention was delivered by community health workers via 12 group sessions over 4 months. The primary outcome was change in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score at 4 months. Secondary outcomes included anxiety symptoms; parenting stress; intimate partner violence; functioning; quality of life; and child social, emotional, and physical health outcomes. Assessments were completed at baseline and 4 and 6 months postrandomization. Of the 357 fathers included (mean [SD] age, 31.44 [7.24] years), 171 were randomized to the intervention and 186 to treatment as usual. Participants randomized to the intervention demonstrated significantly greater improvements in depression (group difference ratio [GDR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.91; P < .001), anxiety (GDR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.81; P < .001), parenting stress (GDR, -12.5; 95% CI, -19.1 to -6.0; P < .001), intimate partner violence (GDR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.00; P = .05), disability (GDR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97; P = .03), and health-related quality of life (GDR, 12.7; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.34; P < .001) at 4 months. The difference in depression and parenting stress was sustained at 6 months. Children of fathers randomized to the parenting intervention had significantly greater improvements in social-emotional development scores (mean difference, -20.8; 95% CI, -28.8 to -12.9; P < .001) at 6 months. The psychosocial parenting intervention in this study has the potential to improve paternal mental health and child development in Pakistan. Further studies in other populations and with longer follow-up are warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03564847.

A-037 A1c by separation and enzymatic methods: what's the difference?

Abstract Background Accurate values for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes mellitus. Two common methods to measure HbA1c are capillary electrophoresis (CE) and immunoassay (IA). Many methods used to measure HbA1c are prone to interferences from hemoglobin variants and abnormalities affecting the red blood cell’s (RBC) turnover. Consequently, the average estimated glucose levels using the HbA1c value can be unreliable in diabetics with hemoglobinopathies and other RBC lifetime disorders. Separation methods such as CE can capture hemoglobinopathy information, while IA methods may not. We performed this study in a population with relatively high levels of hemoglobin disorders to evaluate the performance of HbA1c testing on the Alinity platform (IA) against the Sebia Capillarys 3 Tera instrument (CE). Methods Samples were identified retrospectively based on a search of the Electronic Medical Record for all patients with an ordered and resulted HbA1c and complete blood count in the Montefiore Medical Center the day prior to sampling. Routine HbA1c testing was performed by an Abbott Immunoassay method on the Abbott Alinity Instrument and CBC results were obtained from a Sysmex XN2100 instrument. Records were compared by patient name, medical record number, and sample collection time to identify all patients with CBC and HbA1c drawn within one hour of each other. Those samples were retrieved from storage (a 4° automated refrigerator) within 48 hours of draw and tested via the Sebia Capillarys 3 Tera instrument using HBA1c kits. Results In this large representative population study (N=2075), there was overall excellent agreement between IA and CE. The correlation coefficient (R2) of the whole dataset was 0.989, with an average bias of 2.7% between the two methods. Additional analysis was performed on those with possible RBC turnover disorder (patients with RBC counts below 4x106/uL or above 6x106/uL, MCVs above 96 fL or below 80 fL, RDW above 17%, or abnormal A2 value: total of 638 samples), those with a hemoglobin variant as detected by the Capillarys 3 instrument (162 samples), or with a measurable hemoglobin F value detected by the Capillarys 3 instrument (37 samples). Samples were sorted into these groups independently and thus there was significant overlap between groups, notably with 23 of 37 samples with elevated HbF also having a hemoglobin variant. In both the RBC disorder and hemoglobinopathies group, similar low bias and high correlations were seen. The elevated F samples showed a clear negative bias (5.6%) for all patients on the IA method as compared with CE. The IA method states that samples with HbF above 5% should not be tested. However, as this is not a separation method, there is no way to test samples for HbF before analysis, and bias was seen for samples below 5%. Conclusions The IA and CE methods showed similar performance across patients regardless of RBC lifetime or hemoglobin disorder status, though presence of HbF is a potential interference and should be considered. Further questions remain for these instruments in terms of correlation with average glucose levels as calculated through CGM instruments.

Global stability and modeling with a non-singular kernel for fractional order heroin epidemic model: Insights from different population studies

There has been a worldwide epidemic of heroin that has affected people, families, societies, and cultures across the world. Now, the heroin epidemic has transitioned from heroin abuse to the overuse of synthetic narcotics, which are widely accessible and inexpensively produced. In this work, a novel mathematical approach is applied to investigate the dynamics of the heroin epidemic model and its harmful effect on society with different population data. A heroin model has been constructed with the importance of a non-singular kernel in the sense of a generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel. The well-possedness of the proposed model is proven via fixed-point theory. To examine the heroin model, two equilibrium states have been determined. These equilibrium states are proven to be locally and globally asymptotically stable. To analyze the behavior of heroin, a basic reproduction number and sensitivity analysis are used to determine the impact of different parameters mathematically as well as through simulations. To find the approximate solution, we implement the Toufik-Atangana numerical method at different fractional order values. The sensitivity of the heroin model is carried out, and 3-D graphs show the significance of the parameter involved in the model. Finally, the numerical outcomes are presented with different values of fractional parameters.

Conductive Hearing Loss Associates With Dementia, and Middle Ear Reconstruction Mitigates This Association: A Multinational Database Study.

To test the hypothesis that conductive hearing loss (CHL) is associated with dementia, and that middle ear reconstruction (MER) associates with improved outcomes for these measures in a multinational electronic health records database. Retrospective cohort study with propensity-score matching (PSM). TriNetX is a research database representing about 110 million patients from the United States, Taiwan, Brazil, and India. Subjects older than 50 years with no HL and any CHL (ICD-10: H90.0-2). Subjects of any age with and without any MER (CPT: 1010174). Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident dementia (ICD-10: F01, F03, G30). Of 103,609 patients older than 50 years experiencing any CHL, 2.74% developed dementia compared with 1.22% of 38,216,019 patients with no HL (OR, 95% CI: 2.29, 2.20-2.37). Of patients experiencing CHL, there were 39,850 who received MER. The average age was 31.3 years, with 51% female patients. A total of 343,876 control patients with CHL were identified; 39,900 patients remained in each cohort after 1:1 PSM for HL- and dementia-related risk factors. Matched risk for developing dementia among MER recipients was 0.33% compared with 0.58% in controls (OR: 0.58, 0.46-0.72). CHL increases the odds for dementia, and MER improves the odds for incident dementia. This study represents the first population study on the topic of CHL, MER, and dementia.

A meta-analysis and polygenic score study identifies novel genetic markers for waist-hip ratio in African populations.

Understanding the genetic underpinnings of anthropometric traits in diverse populations is crucial for gaining insights into their biological mechanisms and potential implications for health. We conducted a genome-wide association study, meta-analysis, and gene set analysis of waist-hip ratio (WHR), WHR adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI), waist circumference, BMI, and height using the African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME)cohort (n = ~11,000) for discovery and polygenic score target analyses and the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (n = ~5200) for replication and polygenic score validation. We generated and compared polygenic scores from European, African, Afro-Caribbean, and multiethnic ancestry populations. The top loci associated with each trait in the meta-analysis were in CD36 (rs3211826 [p = 5.90 × 10-12] for WHR and rs73709003 [p = 1.75 × 10-13] for WHRadjBMI), IFI27L1 (rs59775050 [p = 2.66 × 10-08] for waist circumference), INPP4B (rs2636629 [p = 1.44 × 10-09] for BMI), and HMGA1 (rs6937622 [p = 1.40 × 10-15] for height) gene regions. A novel variant rs7797157, near GNAT3, was also significantly associated with WHR (p = 2.50 × 10-10) and WHRadjBMI (p = 2.66 × 10-11). The ancestry-specific parameters for the best predictive polygenic scores were European ancestry (R2 = 0.68%; p = 1.63 × 10-16) and multiethnic ancestry (R2 = 0.06%; p = 1.29 × 10-02) for WHR; European ancestry (R2 = 1.36%; p = 2.94 × 10-31) and multiethnic ancestry (R2 = 1.12%; p = 3.52 × 10-25) for BMI; and European ancestry (R2 = 3.16%; p = 2.95 × 10-73), African ancestry (R2 = 4.16%; p = 1.75 × 10-96), and African and Afro-Caribbean ancestry (R2 = 2.67%; p = 4.35 × 10-62) for height. The discovery of a novel locus for WHR and genetic signals for each trait and the assessment of polygenic score performance underscore the importance of conducting well-powered studies in diverse populations.

Development and temporal validation of a clinical prediction model of transition to psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk in the UHR 1000+ cohort.

The concept of ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) has been at the forefront of psychiatric research for several decades, with the ultimate goal of preventing the onset of psychotic disorder in high-risk individuals. Orygen (Melbourne, Australia) has led a range of observational and intervention studies in this clinical population. These datasets have now been integrated into the UHR 1000+ cohort, consisting of a sample of 1,245 UHR individuals with a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 16.7 years. This paper describes the cohort, presents a clinical prediction model of transition to psychosis in this cohort, and examines how predictive performance is affected by changes in UHR samples over time. We analyzed transition to psychosis using a Cox proportional hazards model. Clinical predictors for transition to psychosis were investigated in the entire cohort using multiple imputation and Rubin's rule. To assess performance drift over time, data from 1995-2016 were used for initial model fitting, and models were subsequently validated on data from 2017-2020. Over the follow-up period, 220 cases (17.7%) developed a psychotic disorder. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) estimates showed that the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) Disorganized Speech subscale severity score (HR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.24, p=0.024), the CAARMS Unusual Thought Content subscale severity score (HR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24, p=0.009), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) total score (HR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p=0.022), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) score (HR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-1.00, p=0.036), and time between onset of symptoms and entry to UHR service (log transformed) (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.19, p=0.013) were predictive of transition to psychosis. UHR individuals who met the brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS) criteria had a higher probability of transitioning to psychosis than those who met the attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) criteria (HR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.73, p=0.001) and those who met the Trait risk criteria (a first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder or a schizotypal personality disorder plus a significant decrease in functioning during the previous year) (HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.22-0.83, p=0.013). Models based on data from 1995-2016 displayed good calibration at initial model fitting, but showed a drift of 20.2-35.4% in calibration when validated on data from 2017-2020. Large-scale longitudinal data such as those from the UHR 1000+ cohort are required to develop accurate psychosis prediction models. It is critical to assess existing and future risk calculators for temporal drift, that may reduce their utility in clinical practice over time.

Prevalence of chronic urticaria: A study in the pediatric population of a general hospital.

Introduction. Chronic urticaria is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of evanescent wheals or angioedema that last for ≥ 6 weeks. Objective. To determine the prevalence of urticaria and describe its clinical characteristics in children and adolescents under 19 years of age in a general hospital. Population and methods. This was a cross-sectional study carried out between 2015 and 2020 in a population of children and adolescents seen at a private healthcare facility. Results. A total of 1567 medical records of patients with urticaria seen during the study period were reviewed. Thirty-six patients with chronic urticaria were identified; the prevalence was 0.16% (95% CI: 0.11-0.22). Conclusion. The prevalence of chronic urticaria in children and adolescents was 0.16%. A higher frequency was observed among girls and adolescents.

Long-term exposure to third-hand smoke could accelerate biological aging via mitochondrial dysfunction: Evidence from Population and Animal Studies

The relationship between third-hand smoke (THS) exposure and lifespan remains inadequately explored. Our study sought to clarify the effects of THS on aging and lifespan. In this pursuit, our cross-sectional analysis assessed hematological aging markers in 986 non-smokers and examined lifespan alterations using a Drosophila model. THS exposure levels were quantified through survey metrics consistent with the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The findings revealed that THS exposure significantly accelerated biological aging, with exposed individuals exhibiting an average increase in biological age of 3.04 years compared to their unexposed counterparts (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, the Drosophila model reflected these outcomes, showing a reduction in lifespan by 16.07 days (p < 0.01). Proteomic analyses identified MRPL2 as a pivotal protein in THS-induced aging, linking its expression to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Further metabolomic profiling highlighted disruptions in energy metabolism pathways. Follow-up in vitro experiments confirmed the role of MRPL2 in the aging processes at the cellular level. Overall, our results indicate that THS exposure is a significant accelerant of aging, providing new perspectives on the health consequences of environmental smoke residues.

Climate Anxiety: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Challenging cognitive, somatic, and behavioral responses to climate change are often conceptualized as climate anxiety (CA). Due to the increased recognition of the impacts of climate change on mental health, a growing body of scientific literature is developing. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the current evidence base for CA and propose future research needs for this emerging construct. Early evidence supports underlying psychological mechanisms in the development and maintenance of CA, which are similar to other anxiety-related conditions. However, the study of CA poses unique challenges to researchers. The psychological impacts that occur in the context of climate change may be adaptive depending on the imminent threat of natural disasters, forced migration, or other climate-related challenges. Due to the potentially adaptive nature of CA and limited current evidence, a coordinated research program of climate-related distress is necessary. A review of the extant literature identified current gaps in understanding the epidemiology and individual differences that promote CA. Current evidence supports the prominent role of neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and rumination. The development of evidence-based models of climate-related distress may provide a more valid and comprehensive depiction of the impacts of climate change on mental health. Transdiagnostic treatment methods are likely the most appropriate intervention for climate-related distress. As models, measures, and treatments of climate-related distress are developed, it is crucial to incorporate studies of populations most at risk for climate change-related mental health effects.

8504 Germline VHL-gene Alterations Are Associated With An Increased Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease - A Large Population Study

8504 Germline VHL-gene Alterations Are Associated With An Increased Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease - A Large Population Study

Long-term trends of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 14–18 years in Novosibirsk (1989–2024)

High prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Russian population dictates the need to identify and prevent risk factors for these diseases from adolescence. Objective: to study the prevalence and long-term trends in cardiometabolic risk factors in an adolescent population sample of Novosibirsk (1989–2024).Methods. In 1989–2024, cross-sectional population studies of random representative samples of schoolchildren aged 14–18 of both sexes were conducted in Novosibirsk with an interval of 5 years. 8 screenings were conducted. A total of 5106 adolescents (43–46 % boys) were examined. Approval was received from the Local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute of Preventive and Internal Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; all children and their parents signed informed consent for the examination. The program was uniform for all screenings and included a survey using a standard questionnaire, 2-fold measurement of blood pressure, anthropometry (height, body weight, chest, waist and hip circumferences), and a biochemical blood test for lipid profile. The levels of cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed in accordance with the latest Russian and international recommendations. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS for Windows 13 package.Results. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in adolescents in Novosibirsk over 35 years decreased from 22.3 to 3.0 % in boys and from 31.8 to 10.6 % in girls (p &lt; 0.001). The highest prevalence of hypertension in adolescents was observed in 1989, then by 1994 its levels decreased and remained relatively stable until a decrease in 2014 with a subsequent increase, especially among boys, the prevalence of hypertension among whom in 2024 reached the 1989 level (17.3 % and 16.9 %, respectively). The greatest decrease in the frequency of excessive weight in adolescents relative to 1989 was observed in 1999: in boys – 2.7 times, in girls – 3.2 times. Since 2003, there has been a consistent increase in the prevalence of overweight among adolescents, primarily among boys, and by 2014 it exceeded the baseline values of the 1989 screening by 8 % in boys (21.6 versus 13.9 % (p &lt; 0.01)) and by 3 % in girls (14.3 versus 11.5 % (p = 0.05)). At subsequent screenings, the frequency of overweight remained unchanged. The frequency of smoking among adolescents of both sexes decreased almost 10-fold from 1989 to 2024: from 45 % in 1989 to 5.5 % in 2024 among boys, and from 19 % to 2% among girls (p &lt; 0.01), however, an increase in electronic smoking was noted. Over the past 5 years (2019–2024), the use of electronic cigarettes and gadgets among boys has doubled (from 6 up to 12 %) and three times among girls (from 3 to 9 %). The prevalence of reduced physical activity among adolescents remained high throughout the period, but in the last 15 years it has clearly decreased among boys (62 % in 2009 versus 37 % in 2024 (p &lt; 0.01). Since 2009, screen time has increased: from 18 hours/week in 2009 for boys and 15 for girls to 30 hours/week in 2014 and remained at the same level in 2019. In 2024, screen time of the computer decreased, but phone time increased, which in total did not exceed the figures for 2014 and 2019 (33–35 hours/ week).Conclusions. Based on population screening of adolescents conducted in Novosibirsk over 35 years, the prevalence and long-term trends of cardiometabolic risk factors (arterial hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, overweight and obesity, smoking and low physical activity) were identified.

Analysis of refeeding syndrome: Paediatric in-patient population study in Dominican Republic

Analysis of refeeding syndrome: Paediatric in-patient population study in Dominican Republic

Sensitivity of the familial high-risk approach for the prediction of future psychosis: a total population study.

Children who have a parent with a psychotic disorder present an increased risk of developing psychosis. It is unclear to date, however, what proportion of all psychosis cases in the population are captured by a familial high-risk for psychosis (FHR-P) approach. This is essential information for prevention research and health service planning, as it tells us the total proportion of psychosis cases that this high-risk approach would prevent if an effective intervention were developed. Through a prospective cohort study including all individuals born in Finland between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 1992, we examined the absolute risk and total proportion of psychosis cases captured by FHR-P and by a transdiagnostic familial risk approach (TDFR-P) based on parental inpatient hospitalization for any mental disorder. Outcomes of non-affective psychosis (ICD-10: F20-F29) and schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) were identified in the index children up to December 31, 2016. Of the index children (N=368,937), 1.5% (N=5,544) met FHR-P criteria and 10.3% (N=38,040) met TDFR-P criteria. By the study endpoint, 1.9% (N=6,966) of the index children had been diagnosed with non-affective psychosis and 0.5% (N=1,846) with schizophrenia. In terms of sensitivity, of all non-affective psychosis cases in the index children, 5.2% (N=355) were captured by FHR-P and 20.6% (N=1,413) by TDFR-P approaches. The absolute risk of non-affective psychosis was 6.4% in those with FHR-P, and 3.7% in those with TDFR-P. There was notable variation in the sensitivity and total proportion of FHR-P and TDFR-P cases captured based on the age at which FHR-P/TDFR-P were determined. The absolute risk for psychosis, however, was relatively time invariant. These metrics are essential to inform intervention strategies for psychosis risk requiring pragmatic decision-making.