Studies Of Peace Research Articles

Transforming Hate into Compassion as an Islamic Nonviolent Thought of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi

The study of hatred that emerges as human nature can provide an analytical picture of how hatred arises, develops, and turns into humanitarian incidents. With an in-depth, systematic, and genealogical study, it can come up with a panacea for this hatred. The elixir can turn hatred into compassion, violence into nonviolence, and find creative ways to turn conflict into peace; thus, creating a new, better reality. This qualitative research uses a literature study from Risale-i Nur by Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960). In this study, Nursi's religious and psychological explanations are compared with religious theories and studies of peace and conflict that are already popular in the Western world. The data in Risale-i Nur were analysed using the Mimesis theoretical framework of the philosophical approach. With this analysis there is the prefiguration stage (Mimesis I) about the background of Said Nursi's life, the configuration stage (Mimesis II) about the story of Said Nursi's traumatic experience, and the transfiguration stage about the emergence of the capacity to handle conflict independently with others using nonviolent ideas creatively, thus creating a new reality (Mimesis III). This new reality is "nonviolent Islam," which transforms conflict nonviolently, overcoming hatred with compassion and forgiveness. This statement is based on the argument that hatred is the root of violence, and Said Nursi can escape the trap of hatred through compassion and forgiveness. This study can contribute ideas to the study of moral philosophy and can also be used as a reference for training modules and sharing experiences to reduce conflict in society or between communities.

Studying Peace and Studying Conflict: Complementary or Competing Projects?

‘Peace’ and (violent) ‘conflict’ are often seen as conceptual mirror images of one another; peace is the absence of conflict, and conflict is the absence of peace. Given this conceptual interdependence, some scholars see that the study of war/making and the study of peace/making are complementary – or even functionally identical – academic projects. Others, however, see that studies of violence and warmaking are antithetic to studies of peace and peacemaking. The six contributions to this JoGSS Forum explore these contrasting perspectives, with a view to assessing the ‘state of the discipline’ of peace and conflict studies (and cognate disciplines, such as security studies). The introduction offers provocations for debate. The two contributions that follow consider connections and disconnections between the study of conflict and studies of post-conflict peacebuilding and transitional justice, respectively. The next two contributions focus on areas of investigation that do not fit neatly into either the ‘peace’ or ‘conflict’ categories – Gender, and Nonviolence – and the authors explore how studies of these topics might create bridges between scholarship on peace and studies of violent conflict. The concluding contribution argues that ‘mainstream’ peace and conflict research has come to be dominated by positivist treatments of war and violence, and it draws attention to alternate approaches that have the potential to transform and ameliorate social relations.

From national identity to state legitimacy: Mobilizing digitally networked publics in eastern Ukraine

Social media enable broad and diverse publics to mobilize around a shared collective identity. In this article, the authors use social movement literature and studies of peace and conflict to foreground the role of platform-mediated communication in creating a national identity in a fragile state. We argue that, by affording activists with a possibility of public, yet anonymous interactions, social media may play a crucial role in conferring state legitimacy during a violent conflict. Investigating the case of Mariupol, Ukraine, where a small group of citizens employed social media to support and legitimize the Ukrainian state among the city population, the authors illuminate the use of new media affordances to construct a national identity among digitally networked publics, mobilizing support for a threatened state.

New findings from conflict archives

As they pursue information and deploy violence during conflict, combatants compose, catalog, and preserve a wide variety of records, such as memos, investigative reports, and communiqués. In an increasing number of post-conflict scenarios, these records are being archived and released publicly, quickly becoming a critical new source of data for studies of peace and conflict. The objective of this special issue is to advance a new research agenda focused on the systematic analysis of conflict archives. The contributors each spent significant time collecting original data from often-dusty archives and, in many cases, developed new methodologies for sampling, cataloging, and analyzing historical documents. Their findings reveal how violence simultaneously shapes and is shaped by factors that remain largely unobservable using more conventional sources of conflict data, including clandestine mobilization, bureaucratic accountability, and political identities. By considering these studies in relation to one another, this introduction aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of field research strategies and analytical techniques for studying original data from conflict archives. We conclude that while archival data are subject to their own biases that must be considered, this research agenda addresses significant limitations associated with traditional data sources and, in turn, pushes scholars to rethink many of the mechanisms underlying the causes and dynamics of peace and conflict.

The bargaining theory of war and peace

The bargaining theory of war and peace has emerged as an important research framework in the social sciences for understanding why wars occur and why opportunities for peace sometimes fail. Close to a dozen distinct “rationalist” sources of war have been theoretically modeled in the bargaining literature, empirical studies of war and peace are increasingly drawing upon bargaining models for theoretical guidance, and “nonrationalist” sources of war based on insights from psychology and sociology can be incorporated into the theory. This article briefly surveys key elements and results of the bargaining theory of war and it emphasizes the untapped potential for the framework to serve as a theory of peace in both research and teaching.

El proceso de construcción de paz colombiano observado desde los paradigmas teóricos de la paz

Se analiza el proceso de paz que se adelanta en Colombia entre la insurgencia de las FARCEP y el Gobierno de Colombia, observado desde los enfoques teóricos de los Estudios de la Paz, y desde la perspectiva del movimiento social, argumentando la necesidad de asumir el enfoque epistemológico de la Paz Transformadora y Participativa como vía para propiciar procesos integrales de construcción de paz más allá de la negociación.

Popular vs. elite democratic structures and international peace

Structural theories of international peace among democratic regimes have relied on two distinct explanatory logics: democratic institutions may cause a state’s foreign policy to tend toward peace by exposing policymaking elites to pressure from ordinary citizens (the popular logic) or to pressure from other governmental agencies (the elite logic). These logics are often conflated in scholarly studies of war and peace, but we attempt to isolate the popular logic for empirical testing by developing a novel measure of institutionalized popular influence, the Institutional Democracy Index (IDI). Whereas previous usage of the Polity index to operationalize democratic structures has succeeded in testing the elite logic more than the popular logic, we use the IDI to analyze long-established democracies’ involvement in international conflict between 1961 and 2001. What we find are significant differences within the family of democratic regimes that point to a monadic structural explanation of peace: more popular democracies are less warlike with respect to all other regimes, not just other democracies. By capturing variance among democratic regimes in their structures of inclusion (especially formal rules pertaining to voter access, electoral formulae, and cameral structures), the IDI enables us to observe crucial differences between the conflict propensities of more popular and more elite types of democracy.

Business practices and peace in post‐conflict zones: lessons from Cyprus

Existing literature on business and peace is in need of more examples of business practices, and at a more dissaggregated level, within conflict‐sensitive regions that promote peace. This article examines whether business practices within a conflict‐sensitive region, the island of Cyprus, are consistent with existing business and peace literature and how the specific business practices promote peace. In particular, the article examines in detail two business practices: Green Line Trade and cross‐territorial joint ventures and promotions. Our findings suggest that existing business activities in Cyprus are consistent with those proposed by the literature, but their significance in promoting peace was limited. We propose an alternative explanation for why such business practices were pursued in Cyprus at the time, drawing on studies of identity‐based conflicts. And we suggest that business has a unique role to play compared with other public institutions when addressing identity conflict. Finally, we suggest that both theoretical and empirical studies of business and peace should include consideration of how business practices might help alleviate identity‐related issues in conflict‐sensitive regions.

Geographies of Peace and Antiviolence

AbstractGeography’s ties with war‐making, territorial and imperial conquest are well known. Geography has also made contributions to the study of peace. In recent years, geographers have been engaged in a rich debate over the relations between studies of war and peace and the conceptual and methodological frameworks for approaching studies of violence. This paper reviews the vibrant recent literature on geographies of peace, which features two striking points of consensus. First, peace must be understood as a process. Second, defining peace is a question of defining violence. These points of consensus, in turn, raise questions about research sites and methods. To flesh out some of these issues, this paper turns to Galtung’s theorizing on peace and structural violence. The concept of structural violence has been very influential, but remains undertheorized. The third section, in turn, details feminist theories and methods of researching violence that challenge undifferentiated landscapes of war, peace and structural violence. The fourth section illustrates the ideas of peace as a process and epistemologies of violence by way of example. I sketch the context and terms through which “antiviolence” organizing emerged in the United States over the past 30 years. Antiviolence, as developed most centrally by antiracist, feminist activists and theorists, offers not only a powerful analytic for understanding connections among forms of violence and uneven spaces of harm and well‐being, but also a practical way of bridging spheres of organizing that might otherwise remain discrete. I conclude by offering implications drawn from antiviolence praxis for geographic studies of war and peace.

The John W. Holmes Lecture: Building Peace

civil war, is different. We are interested in the dimensions that describe and determine the relevant differences. We have assembled a data set that covers all civil wars between 1945 and 1999. There are 129. We also use case stud- ies of the wars and peace operations in Somalia, Bosnia, the Congo (1960s), El Salvador, Cambodia, Rwanda, Croatia, East Timor, Cyprus, and Bosnia to explore some factors in more depth. The range of these cases and data lets us compare UN peace operations to other civil wars, whether settled by con- quest or purely local peace agreement, as well as to wars that have not been settled or have just run down. This in turn allows us to determine whether the peace operation made a difference and to separate its effects from the factors that would have made a peace more or less likely regardless of whether or not the UN was there. Most studies of peace are not able to do this. Drawing on this extensive study, this article describes some of the generic results the UN has achieved in building peace; offers a structural explanation of what makes for overall success and failure; and outlines four strategies that the UN has employed to achieve its successes.

The Study of Democratic Peace and Progress in International Relations

This essay argues that the field of international relations has exhibited “progress” of the sort found in the natural sciences. Several well-known accounts of “science” and “progress” are adumbrated; four offer positive accounts of progress (those of Peirce, Duhem, Popper, and Lakatos) and one evidences a negative assessment (Kuhn). Recent studies of the democratic peace—both supporting and opposing—are analyzed to show that they satisfy the terms of each of the definitions of scientific progress.

Band-Level Eden: A Mystifying Chimera

Most of Bette Denich's As War Has Evolved, Can Also Peace? (1987) consists of the meticulous and thought-provoking analysis of Montenegrin ethnography her readers have come to expect (Denich 1974, 1976). She begins, however, with a couple of paragraphs that combine in a narrow space a number of factual errors, dated theoretical constructs and pure mythopoesis, culminating in the rhetorical questions given in the epigraph above. This bad start does not vitiate her own analysis, since she ignores the questions thereafter. It does, however, represent intellectual luggage that burdens many studies of peace and war and therefore merits a brief critique.

H. Richard Niebuhr's War Articles: A Transvaluation of Value

Previous articleNext article No AccessH. Richard Niebuhr's War Articles: A Transvaluation of ValueRichard B. MillerRichard B. Miller Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Religion Volume 68, Number 2Apr., 1988 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/487803 Views: 6Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1988 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Daniel J. Ott Toward a Realistic, Public, Christian Pacifism, American Journal of Theology & Philosophy 33, no.33 (Sep 2012): 245–257.https://doi.org/10.5406/amerjtheophil.33.3.0245

Studies of war and peace

Studies of war and peace

Book Review: Four Studies of War and Peace in This Century

Book Review: Four Studies of War and Peace in This Century

Four Studies of War and Peace in This Century.W. K. Hancock

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsFour Studies of War and Peace in This Century. W. K. Hancock D. F. FlemingD. F. Fleming Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Politics Volume 24, Number 4Nov., 1962 Sponsored by the Southern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381600016303 Views: 3Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Four Studies of War and Peace in this Country, by W. K. Hancock

Four Studies of War and Peace in this Country, <i>by W. K. Hancock</i>

Four Studies of War and Peace in This Century

Four Studies of War and Peace in This Century

Four Studies of War and Peace in this Century: The Wiles Lectures 1960–1

Four Studies of War and Peace in this Century: The Wiles Lectures 1960–1

Book Reviews : Four Studies of Peace and War in this Century. W. K. Hancock. Cambridge University Press. 18/6

Book Reviews : Four Studies of Peace and War in this Century. W. K. Hancock. Cambridge University Press. 18/6