Studied Subjects Research Articles

The Efficacy of Developments in Agriculture and Industry Sectors on Economic Growth in Turkey: ARDL Approach

One of the oldest economic goals of societies around the world is to increase the welfare level of the society. For this reason, the phenomenon of economic growth has been one of the most studied subjects since history. In this work, the efficacy of production in Turkey's agricultural and industrial sectors on economic growth amongst 1980 and 2022 has been investigated. In addition, inflation and trade deficit data are included as control variables. ARDL bounds test was implemented in the work. Accordingly the outcomes of the work, in the first model, when the share of the agricultural sector in GNP increases by 1%, per capita income decreases by approximately 1.13%. A 1% increment in the inflation rate diminishes per capita income by approximately 0.18%. In the second model, the margin of the industrial sector in GNP has an affirmative efficacy on per capita income. The inflation rate, conversely, has a negatory efficacy on per capita income. When the share of the industrial sector increases by 1%, per capita income increases by approximately 4.5%. A 1% increment in the inflation rate diminishes per capita income by approximately 0.5%. The parameters related to international trade deficit are statistically insignificant.

Clinicopathological features and medium-term outcomes of histologic variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults: A retrospective study.

The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial. To evaluate the relative frequency, clinicopathologic characteristics, and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in Pakistan. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan on all consecutive adults (≥ 16 years) with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December 2017. Studied subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line therapy. The response rates, doubling of serum creatinine, and kidney failure (KF) with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis, and Chi-square tests as appropriate. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study period. Among these, 352 (87.7%) had a designated histological variant. The not otherwise specified (NOS) variant was the commonest, being found in 185 (53.9%) patients, followed by the tip variant in 100 (29.1%) patients. Collapsing (COL), cellular (CEL), and perihilar (PHI) variants were seen in 58 (16.9%), 6 (1.5%), and 3 (0.7%) patients, respectively. CEL and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient numbers. The mean follow-up period was 36.5 ± 29.2 months. Regarding response rates of variants, patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently (59.5%) than patients with NOS (41.8%) and COL (24.52%) variants (P < 0.001). The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.039-0.67] as compared to patients with NOS. The TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5 (95%CI: 1.61-3.89) for complete remission compared to the NOS variant. Overall, progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant, 43.4% (P < 0.001). Among these, 24.53% of patients required kidney replacement therapy (P < 0.001). The hazard ratio of doubling of serum creatinine among patients with the COL variant was 14.57 (95%CI: 1.87-113.49) as compared to patients with the TIP variant. In conclusion, histological variants of FSGS are predictive of response to treatment with immunosuppressants and progressive KF in adults in our setup.

Evaluation of the role of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and their relation to obesity.

This study aims to explore the effects of fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their relation to obesity. Fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 164 patients and 100 controls, and genotypes, alleles, and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. A significant association with T1D development was found with the TC, CC, and TC+CC genotypes and the C allele of MC4R rs17782313. In addition, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be risky for T1D development. While the TC and TC+CC genotypes ofMC4R rs17782313 may be protective against obesity development, the AA genotype and A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be protective against obesity development. Regarding obese subjects, comparing diabetics vs. non-diabetic studied subjects, FTO rs9939609, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele had significantly higher frequencies in T1D with ahigher risk of developing T1D. However, conducting multivariable analysis using significant covariates in univariable analysis revealed that only earlier age of T1D onset, lower C-peptide, and the MC4R dominant model were considered independent predictors of obesity within T1D. The role of both genes' polymorphisms on the pathogenesis and the outcome of T1D and obesity can help inunderstanding the pathogenesis of both diseases and theirassociations with each other's and may be used as novel therapeutic targets for both diseases.

SINO-AFRICA AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER: IMPLICATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Technology is critical to industrialization and economic development of any nation and it is one of the serious bottlenecks in African industrialisation. There is no doubt that technology transfer is one of the less studied subjects in China-Africa relations. Foreign direct investment is an important factor for both technology transfer and economic growth in developing countries like Nigeria. Technological advancement has also become a major challenge to industrialization in Nigeria and to improve her economy, the Nigerian government had made various efforts at acquiring foreign technology to drive the development processes. The Nigerian government had signed pact with the Chinese government in critical areas such as agriculture, manufacturing, military, industry, education and other social sectors through Technological Transfer (TT) and Technical Cooperation (TC) that will aid knowledge sharing and transfer for the purpose of improving the economy. In view of this, the study examines the implication the Sino-Africa and technological transfer on sustainable development in Nigeria. The study employed the interpretivism philosophy and the qualitative approach was adopted in data collection and analysis. Secondary data were sourced from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics (UNCTS) Database, Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Statistics database, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) figures were from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the United Nations Statistics Database (UNdata). Other sources were the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Database, International Financial Statistics (IFS) of the World Bank; publications of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other agencies of government as well as newspapers and journals. Also, key informant interviews were conducted with Chinese expatriates in Lagos and Ogun State, Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using content analysis method. Findings of the study reveals that there is no clear-cut policy statement on Sino-Africa technological transfer and knowledge sharing; thus, the Nigerian government cannot sufficiently absorb new technology from Chinese multi-national corporations as most of these corporations always come as agents of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or contractors. The study concludes that adaptation and implementation of policy on technological transfer cannot promote sustainable development in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that knowledge and technology transfer should form the basis of a regulatory framework of the national FDI policy. Also, there is need for the establishment of training institutes in each State of the federation so as to facilitate technological transfer. In addition, there should be collaboration between the established training institutes and higher institutions of learning so that students can have practical knowledge on advanced equipment, methodologies and technologies that will engender sustainable development in Nigeria within a decade.

A bibliometric perspective with research trends and global productivity on the modernization of andrology from the founder of modern clinical andrology Edward Martin to the present.

The number of studies in the field of andrology is increasing day by day, but a bibliometric study covering the entire literature on andrology has not yet been conducted. This bibliometric study aims to shed light on the question of where we came from and where we are going in andrology from past to present. It also aimed to summarize the intellectual structure of andrology to reveal global productivity and identify and map the latest trends of scientific articles published in the field of andrology. 16,659 articles published between 1980 and 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science and analyzed using various statistical methods. Bibliometric network visualization maps revealed trending topics, global productivity, the most influential studies, and international collaborations. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for determining correlations. The top three productive countries were United States of America (3,452; 20.7%), China (2,300; 13.8%), and Germany (1,069; 6.4%). The top two most productive authors were Agarwal A. (n=130) and Nieschlag E. (n=130). The most productive institution was the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (n=422). From past to present, the most studied subjects were testis, male infertility, spermatozoa, testosterone, infertility, erectile dysfunction, spermatogenesis, sperm, prostate cancer (PCA)/neoplasms, oxidative stress, fertility/fertilization, semen, rat(s), apoptosis, azoospermia, sperm motility, human and varicocele. The trend topics that have been researched more in recent years include erectile dysfunction, oxidative stress, prostate cancer, sperm quality, sperm parameters, infertility, premature ejaculation, diabetes mellitus, obesity, prognosis, sperm DNA fragmentation/damage, antioxidant, asthenozoospermia, varicocelectomy, COVID-19, inflammation, prostatectomy, metabolic syndrome, hypogonadism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, meta-analysis, sexual dysfunction, peyronie's disease, and proliferation. We identified the research leadership of China, Japan, Turkey and India, in addition to Western countries, such as the USA and European countries.

Red cell distribution width, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and interleukin 10 are good prognostic markers in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease so we need to continue developing new diagnostic and prognostic options for its management. There are multiple prognostic factors for MM, but most of them are costly and time consuming. Hence comes the urge to identify bed side and low cost prognostic tools, that is why this study was aiming to identify in Egyptian MM patients. The study was carried on 60 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. Studied subjects were subdivided into two groups: Group I: 60 multiple myeloma patients which were subdivided into three subgroups: Stage I: 10 patients, Stage II: 17 patients, Stage III: 33 patients, Group II: 20 healthy controls. A progressive significant increase in IL-10, RDW, NLR, and beta2 microglobulin (β2M) with disease progression from stage I towards stage III as compared to the control group. However, IL-10, RDW, and NLR have the best prognostic efficiency value regarding to sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value when compared with β2M. IL-10, RDW, and NLR are simple, easy and bedside tests (in the case of RDW, and NLR). They have high sensitivity and specificity when compared to β2M, which is a well-established prognostic factor that highlights the valuable role they play as prognostic markers in MM.

Global resurgence of the right: conceptual and regional perspectives

In the past decades, right-wing (populist) governments have emerged all over the world; the influence of right-wing political actors is growing in practically all western democracies and in many countries of the global South. It is therefore no wonder that the (populist) right has become one of the most studied subjects in contemporary political science. This edited volume contributes to this ever-growing strand of literature, but stands out because it is edited by two emerging scholars based in Argentina. Gisela Pereyra Doval and Gastón Souroujon have brought together a remarkably diverse set of contributors, including junior scholars from Latin America and established scholars from the global North. Such diversity of voice is refreshing, and I wish we had more publications of this kind. In terms of content, the book is structured into three broad sets of chapters. Each of those sets is rather eclectic, as the editors deliberately choose not to impose any unifying theoretical or conceptual frameworks on the contributors. Obviously, this decision affects the balance between conceptual coherence and empirical richness. Here, the latter prevails: we have a collection of chapters that offers multifaceted insights into right-wing politics and its manifold manifestations in Europe and the Americas. This approach is perfectly suitable for an edited volume of this kind, which provides useful introductions to theoretical debates as well as empirical developments. The broad spectrum of concepts and labels that the contributors use to grasp the various facets of right-wing politics, however, might also appear confusing to readers who are less familiar with the existing definitions and debates.

Clubfoot from past to the present: A bibliometric analysis with global productivity and research trends.

Clubfoot, a common congenital abnormality, affects the lower extremities; however, the literature search revealed no bibliometric research on this subject. Thus, we aimed to holistically analyze scientific articles and reveal global productivity and trend issues. This study statistically analyzed 1417 published articles on clubfoot (1980-2021) from the Web of Science database. Bibliometric network visualization maps were created to reveal trend topics, citation analysis, and cross-country collaborations. The analysis was conducted using Spearman correlation analysis. An exponential smoothing estimator was used to predict article productivity. The United States of America (433, 30.5%), the United Kingdom (166, 11.7%), and India (107, 7.5%) are the top 3 countries contributing to the literature. The Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics (220 articles), the Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics-Part B (147 articles), and Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research (69 articles) are the top 3 most productive journals. Dobbs MB (34 articles) is the most active author, and Shriners Hospital Children (44 articles) is the most active institution. Bibliometric analysis revealed that recently studied trend topics included Pirani score, Dimeglio score, Ponseti method, Ponseti casting, tenotomy, recurrence, neglected, tendon transfer, bracing, gait, risk factors, pedobarography, complex clubfoot, and polymorphism. The most studied subjects included Ponseti technique, treatment/casting, recurrent/relapsed clubfoot, Pirani score, pediatrics/children, foot deformities, surgery, ultrasound, Achilles tendon/tenotomy, gait analysis, casting, outcomes, neglected clubfoot, and tenotomy. Research leadership was determined in the western and European countries and Canada in studies and scientific collaborations on clubfoot; its impact was remarkable in India, China, and Turkey.

A hybrid Bayesian BWM and Pythagorean fuzzy WASPAS-based decision-making framework for parcel locker location selection problem.

One of the main causes of the significant commercial vehicle traffic in the city region is last-mile deliveries. Parcel lockers, which are one of the easiest and most environmentally friendly solutions for last-mile delivery, are one of the most studied subjects recently. The parcel locker ensures consumer privacy while being quick and efficient. Its full-time service can effectively address the issue of student and office worker pickup. In this paper, the location of a parcel locker intended to be established in the most convenient location in Beşiktaş district of İstanbul, Turkey has been determined. This problem can be solved using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) structure due to the availability of numerous aspects that must be considered while choosing the optimum location. Additionally, the benefit of fuzzy logic is employed to translate expert opinions into mathematical expressions and incorporate them into decision-making processes. To choose the ideal location for the parcel locker, a novel model integrating the Bayesian Best Worst Method (B-BWM) and Pythagorean fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (PF-WASPAS) approaches is proposed for the first time in the literature. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the model's robustness. As a consequence, the suggested model effectively identifies the best location for a parcel locker in Istanbul.

Identification of surface dyeing agents of two bookbinding leathers from 19th‐century Qajar, Iran, using LC–MS, μXRF and FTIR spectroscopy

AbstractIdentifying tanning and dyeing agents of historical leathers is one of the less studied subjects. Therefore, this study aims to distinguish the surface dyeing agent of historical leathers along with the tanning agents. It helps to better understand the leather‐making process of past centuries. For this purpose, two Iranian historical bookbinding leathers belonging to the Qajar era were investigated. The tannins were examined by ferric spot test and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy after being extracted from the leather corium layer. ATR‐FTIR and μXRF spectroscopy were also used to study the characteristics of the leathers' surface, in both grain and corium layers. LC–MS was also used to analyze the extracts taken from the surface of the leather samples. The results showed the corium layer of leathers has a significant number of hydrolysable tannins, especially gallotannins, as tanning agents. The characteristics of their FTIR spectra are significantly similar to those of sumac. LC–MS results showed the presence of ellagic acid, as an indicator analyte, on the surface of the leathers. It indicates that tannin‐rich plants, such as oak, have been used for dyeing these leathers. Investigation of the structural properties of the grain and corium layers also revealed the accumulation of copper and iron on the surface of the leathers. Accordingly, copper and iron, which reacted with tannins to give a black color, were the main dyeing factor used in both historical leather samples.

What are the trends in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in recent studies? – A bibliometric analysis with global productivity during 1980–2021

BackgroundThere is no bibliometric analysis in the literature on the subject of the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a disease with increasing prevalence, severely affecting the life and quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the scientific articles published on the subject of MS treatment, using bibliometric approaches and statistical methods, and thereby show the trend subjects and global productivity. MethodsFrom 14,443 publications on the subject of MS between 1980 and 2021, 5010 in the category of article were retrieved from the Web of Science and analyzed statistically. Bibliometric network visualization diagrams were created to determine trend subjects, collaborations between countries and citation analyzes. Exponential Smoothing estimation was used to predict the number of articles to be published in the next 5 years. Correlations were determined using Spearman's correlation analysis. ResultsThe 3 countries contributing the most to literature were found to be the USA (1385, 37.6%), Italy (700, 13.9%), and Germany (694, 13.8%). The most productive author was Hartung Hans-Peter (n = 82) and the most productive institution was the University of London (n = 198). The three most productive journals were the Multiple Sclerosis Journal (n = 354), Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (n = 224), and Neurology (n = 204). The most studied subjects can be listed from past to present as interferon beta, disease-modifying treatment or drugs, relapsing, natalizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, fatigue, alemtuzumab, cytokines, mitoxantrone, MRI, adherence, depression, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, quality of life, and biomarkers. ConclusionThe scientific production related to MS treatment shows growth chronologically over the years. According to the findings of the analysis done to identify trending subjects, the key words studied in recent years were determined to be fingolimod, alemtuzumab, disease-modifying therapy, ocrelizumab, teriflunomide, rituximab, dimethyl fumarate, safety, biomarkers, COVID-19, oxidative stress, inflammation, vitamin D, relapsing multiple sclerosis, cost-effectiveness, cladribine tablets, and medication adherence. Western countries, especially European countries, the USA, and Canada lead the way in research and scientific collaboration on the subject of MS treatment. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of this subject and can help provide new ideas for further studies.

전래놀이를 통한 유아와 아동의 정서, 사회성, 자아존중감에 관한 연구 동향

This study aimed to explore research trends and suggest future directions for preschoolers to children's emotions, social competence, and self-esteem through traditional game programs. A total of 87 papers from January 2007 to February 2022 were selected for text mining, 38 papers for reliability and validity analysis regarding research period, themes, subjects, and programs. The results were as follows: (a) social competence showed the highest frequency in research themes, (b) elementary students (67.2%) and the preschool institutions and elementary schools (84.2%) were the most studied subjects and places, and (c) the major sessions of games were identified as 11-20 (57.9%). In the analysis of 5 types of traditional game programs, 'target hitting' represented the most effective for elevating emotions, social competence, and self-esteem. These findings indicate that associated variables, such as physical activity, creativity, and subjective well-being, need to be investigated as they seem to benefit early to middle childhood development. Furthermore, additional programs, tailored for low-income and multicultural families, should be developed to test the programs’ effectiveness. Future research could consider implementing the most effective subjects and types of programs for further investigations.

Bibliometric analysis of swimming publications in sports science: a medical perspective

Objective: Although the number of global studies on swimming has increased, there are still no bibliometric studies in the literature. This study aimed to present a medical perspective by examining scientific articles published in the field of swimming sports with statistical methods.&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and Method: Articles on swimming published between 1980 and 2021 were obtained from the Web of Science database. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Network visualization maps were used to identify trending topics.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: A total of 21732 publications were found. 2392 (70.5%) of these publications were articles. The top 3 contributing countries to the literature were USA (462, 19.3%), UK (331, 10.4), and Australia (298, 12.1%). The top 2 most active institutions were Universidade Do Porto (n=93), and Australian Institute of Sport (n=82). The most active journals with the highest number of articles were International Journal of Sports Medicine (n=171), and Journal of Sports Sciences (n=150). According to the average number of citations per article, the top most influential journal was Journal of Sport &amp; Exercise Psychology (citation: 51.8).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The most studied subjects related to medicine and health in swimming were blood lactate, heart rate, fatigue, shoulder, body composition, anthropometry, oxygen uptake, oxidative stress, disability, energy cost, electromyography, oxygen consumption, physiology, motivation, physical activity, aging, muscle strength, shoulder pain, testosterone, core temperature, and stress. General topics studied in recent years were athletic performance, physiology, stress, strength, disability, paralympic, electromyography, youth, shoulder pain, sports, force, competition, kinetics, adolescent, sport, swimming training, and aging.

Prevalence and population genetic data of colour vision deficiency among students from selected tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria

BackgroundColour vision deficiency (CVD), also referred to as colour blindness, is the failure or decreased ability to distinguish between certain colours under normal lighting conditions. It is an X-linked genetic disorder with varying degrees of prevalence in different populations. There is presently no report on the prevalence of CVD among students of the selected tertiary institution. Hence, the present study was aimed at determining the occurrence and genetics of CVD among students from designated tertiary institutions in Lagos state. A cross-sectional survey was employed in recruiting 1191 study subjects from three tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria.ResultsThe overall occurrence of CVD among the study participants was 2.85%. There were 24 (4.29%) males and 10 (1.58%) females affected. Among the colour vision deficient individuals, 18 (1.51%) and 16 (1.34%) were deuteranomalous and protanomalous, respectively. Also, the prevalence of CVD varies across ethnic groups of the studied subjects with the highest occurrences (3.57%) observed in the Yoruba ethnic subpopulation and the least (1.45%) among the Hausas.ConclusionsMore males than females were found to be colour vision deficient, and there were more deutans than protans. Early screening for CVD should be encouraged among school children to guide the choice of future profession and help mitigate work hazards resulting from being colour deficient.

A holistic investigation of the global outcomes of spontaneous pneumothorax during 1980-2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic A bibliometric approach.

During coronavirus pandemic, despite the increase in the number of studies on spontaneous pneumothorax (SP), there is not enough bibliometric study in the literature. In this study, it was aimed to analyze scientific articles published on SP. Studies published on SP between 1980 and 2021 were obtained from the Web of Science database and analyzed using statistical and bibliometric methods. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation studies. The exponential smoothing estimator was used to forecast publication trend for coming years. Network visualization maps were used to analyze citations and identify trending topics. A total of 2422 publications were found. 1403 (57.9%) of these publications were articles. The articles on SP have increased with a non-linear trend in recent years. The top 5 contributors to the literature were USA (231, 16.4%), Japan (161, 11.4%), United Kingdom (98, 6.9%), France (81, 5.7%), and Taiwan (78, 5.5%). The top 3 most active institutions were National Taiwan University Hospital (22, 1.5%), Catholic University Korea (19, 1.3%), and National Taiwan University (19, 1.3%). The top 3 journals that published the most articles were Chest (51), Annals of Thoracic Surgery (46), and Journal of Thoracic Disease (45). The most studied subjects were primary SP, recurrence, thoracoscopy, pleurodesis, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, COVID-19, video-assisted thoracic surgery, chest tube(s), and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. According to trend topics analysis, the keywords studied in recent years are COVID-19, chest tubes, pneumonia, subcutaneous emphysema, risk factors, dyspnea, primary SP, FLCN gene, tension pneumothorax, uniportal, postoperative recurrence, secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and uniportal. In this comprehensive bibliometric study, we summarized 1403 articles about SP, which has an increasing trend in the number of articles during the COVID-19 pandemic process. This article can be a useful resource for clinicians and scientists through presenting a summary of worldwide studies related to SP, including the ones during COVID-19 pandemic.

AN ARCHETYPAL APPROACH TOWARDS THE GREAT GATSBY: THE TRANSFORMATIONAL AMERICAN DREAM THROUGH META-MEME IN THE GREAT GATSBY

The American dream is one of the most studied subjects, especially in modern American literature. Remarkably when it comes to modern American literature, F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby cannot be omitted from these studies. It is true that there are many articles and debates on The Great Gatsby, and there will be more. Nevertheless, what makes this study somewhat diverse is that Gatsby’s American dream can be reckoned as a meta-meme inspired by the ancient Greek heroes in a post-postmodernist way. The article will particularly try to show that Gatsby is a timeless hero whose one foot in the past and the other in the future. Some may find Gatsby under the name of Hercules, some under the name Odysseus, and some under the name Bruce Wayne. Gatsby cannot be limited within a limited period since the connotations that his existence stand for create an everlasting effect on any human society. That is to say, the meta-meme, which Gatsby ‘radiates’ or reflects is the thing what humankind have craved for since they existed: Power. Some may call it the American dream or the multimillionaire’s dream; some may call it a solipsist’s dream. This dream, however, one way or another, is a dream that Morpheus, the Dream God, will continue to bring to us. Although it can sometimes be a nightmare, the silhouette of the dream will always remain the same. Therefore, through a comparative study of history, literary theory, mythology and literature, this article intends to show that the American Dream persists even stronger through meta-memes at the dawn of twenty-first century.

Voriconazole-Induced Hepatotoxicity Concise up-to-date review

Voriconazole is a wide spectrum antifungal used primarily for invasive aspergillosis, an invasive mold infection occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Hepatotoxicity is the most common voriconazole-related adverse reaction that leads to treatment discontinuation. Even though reported incidence of hepatic adverse reactions during phase 2 and 3 clinical trials were less than 10%, observational studies in post marketing phase revealed much higher incidence reaching up to 69%. Therefore, the burden caused by hepatotoxicity and interruption of antifungal therapy put immunocompromised patients at serious risk.&#x0D; Currently, there is no biomarker in routine clinical use that can clearly predict susceptibility to voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity. In effort to identify a predictor, plasma concentrations of voriconazole and cytochrome (CYP) 2C19 genotype/phenotype, which is responsible from substantial inter-individual changes in voriconazole pharmacokinetics, are the most studied subjects. Hepatotoxicity tends to occur at higher concentrations (&gt;4 mg/L), but so far, no significant association has identified in this matter. Although CYP2C19 genotype is strongly associated with voriconazole plasma concentration, current data is insufficient to define a causal relationship between CYP2C19 genotype and voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity.&#x0D; This article reviews the epidemiology, mechanism, laboratory features of voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity and current literature investigating the influence of voriconazole plasma concentration and CYP2C19 genetics on voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity.

Hygrometric Performances of Different High-Flow Nasal Cannula Devices: Bench Evaluation and Clinical Tolerance.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly used for the management of respiratory failure. Settings include [Formula: see text], total gas flow, and temperature target. Resulting absolute humidity (AH) at the nasal cannula may affect clinical tolerance, and optimal settings with respect to hygrometry remain poorly documented. A bench study was designed to assess AH delivered by 4 HFNC devices (Optiflow, Airvo 2, Precision Flow, and Hydrate) according to flow, ambient temperature, and other available settings. Clinical tolerance of different levels of hygrometry (20, 30, and 40 mg H2O/L) was evaluated in 15 healthy volunteers. With [Formula: see text] set at 1.0, normal ambient temperature, and settings made accordingly to the manufacturers' recommendations, mean ± SD AH was 42.2 ± 3.1, 39.5 ± 1.8, 35.7 ± 2.0, and 32.9 ± 2.7 mg H2O/L for the Airvo 2, Optiflow, Hydrate, and Precision Flow, respectively, (P < .001). AH dropped from -3.5 to -10.7 mg H2O/L (P <. 001) with high ambient temperature, except for the Precision Flow. Increasing flow did not significantly affect AH except for the Precision Flow (from 36.4 ± 1.6 to 29.8 ± 0.2 mg H2O/L at 10 and 40 L/min, respectively, [P < .001]). The lowest AH was encountered with the Optiflow set with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) mode, without compensation algorithm, and at high ambient temperature (14.2 ± 1.5 mg H2O/L). In studied subjects, AH significantly affected breathing comfort, reduced from 7.0 ± 1.0 to 3.0 ± 2.0 at 40 and 20 mg H2O/L, respectively, (P < .001). Comfort was similar at 30 and 40 mg H2O/L. When used according to manufacturer's recommendations and at normal ambient temperature, all the HFNC devices evaluated achieved satisfactory hygrometric output with respect to breathing comfort evaluated in healthy subjects (≥ 30 mg H2O/L). Substantial differences exist between devices, and optimal knowledge of their working principles is required as inappropriate usage may dramatically alter efficacy and clinical tolerance.

Network analysis of nursing publications in the COVID 19 era

Background: COVID 19, which affects all areas of life, is perhaps one of the most studied subjects in the field of medicine, and the number of global publications is increasing day by day. The nursing profession and practices have also been directly affected by this rapid stream of broadcasts. Objective: The study was planned to examine in detail the studies on 'COVID and nursing' and to guide the studies in the future. Design: In our study, the Web of Science (WOS) database was scanned to search for publications with topics of’ nursing 'or' SARS COV-2' , 'nurse' and 'COVID 19' , 'nursing' and 'COVID 19' and 'nurse' and 'SARS COV-2' were reviewed. Results: A total of 562 publications were included in the study. The country with the highest number of publications was the United States (32%). While 388 (69%) of the publications were cited, it was determined that 174 (31%) of them were not cited at all. The average number of citations of these 562 publications was found to be 3.28. The H index reached by these publications, which were cited 1.843 times in total, was found to be 17. The most cited journal of ours is It was the New England Journal of Medicine (369 citations). Conclusion: As in every field of publication, the pandemic has been effective in the field of nursing, and the number of publications has increased globally. Considering the citation rates of the publications, it was determined that there is a wide field of study in this field.

Effect of Psycho-educational Intervention for Obese Women Post Bariatric Surgery on Body Image and Self-esteem

Background: Bariatric is a branch of medicine dealing with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity. It leads to massive and rapid weight loss in severely obese patients. This may result in numerous complications that affect body image satisfaction and self-esteem. Aim of the study: this study sought to evaluate the effect of a psycho-educational intervention for obese women after bariatric surgery on body image and self-esteem. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was followed. Study setting: This study was conducted in two settings namely the surgical department at University Hospital in Benha and the Gastroenterology ward in the Main University hospital in Alexandria. Subject: A convenient sample of 40 women who had bariatric surgery constituted the study subject. They were divided into two equal groups randomly; a study group that received the nursing psychological educational intervention and a control group that was exposed to routine care only. Tools of the study: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and The Multidimensional body selfrelations questionnaire appearance scale (MBSRQ-AS) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics sheet. Results: Study group who received psychoeducational program show higher mean in self-esteem scale than the control group with Mean ± SD (33.55±2.25 and 29.10±2.59 respectively) with highly statistical significant difference between the study and control group. Also, the Mean ± SD of different domains of body image satisfaction in study group were higher than control group with highly statistical significant differences. Conclusion: The psychoeducational program implementation had a positive effect in selfesteem and all domains of body image satisfaction for studied subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. The study recommended that the Psychoeducational programs should be offered for obese women’ undergoing bariatric surgery as a regular and integral component of health care.