Students In Isfahan Research Articles

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Training Package for Violence Prevention in Adolescents: Its Effect on Self-control and Social Skills

Background: Adolescence is a period marked by significant changes, during which individuals face major emotional, cognitive, and behavioral challenges. Violence remains a significant global concern, and factors such as self-control and social skills play a crucial role in reducing and managing adolescent violence. Objectives: This study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a training package for violence prevention (TPVP) in adolescents and assess its impact on self-control and social skills among students in Isfahan. Methods: This study was conducted on sixty 13 - 15-year-old female students in Isfahan, Iran, during the 2022 - 2023 academic year. First, the TPVP was developed after reviewing relevant theories and existing training packages, then it was evaluated by a panel of faculty members from the Department of Social Medicine, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists. The students were randomly divided into two groups: (1) an intervention group, and (2) a control group, with 30 students in each group. The intervention group received the TPVP and attended five training sessions. To assess social skills and self-control, the Inderbitzen and Foster Social Skills Questionnaire and the Tangney Self-control Questionnaire were administered to both groups before and three months after the intervention. Results: Sixty female students aged 13 - 15 participated in this study. The mean self-control score in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group after the intervention (46.33 ± 6.488 vs. 40.44 ± 7.307, P = 0.002). Prior to the training, there was no significant difference in social skills scores between the two groups. However, following the intervention, the mean social skills score in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (118.38.726 vs. 102.913.468, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The violence prevention training package was effective in improving self-control and social skills among students. The study demonstrated that the implementation of a structured TPVP can enhance both self-control and social skills in adolescents.

Effect of Eight Weeks of Modified Hatha Yoga Exercises on the Balance of Children With Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy Aged 7-14

Background and Aims Cerebral palsy is a common neuromuscular disease with non-progressive symptoms in children. The present study aims to investigate the effect of modified Hatha yoga exercises on the balance of children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest design. The study population includs all children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy (with levels 1 to 3 based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System and grades 0 to 3 based on the Modified Ashworth Scale) aged 7-14 years, who were selected from exceptional schools for the disabled students in Isfahan, Iran in 2018. Using a purposive sampling method, 14 eligible children were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of control and exercise. The exercise group performed the modified Hatha yoga exercise for eight weeks at three sessions per week; while the control group did not receive any intervention. The foot plantar center of pressure (COP) was recorded for six seconds (as the balance test) using a foot scanner in the pre-test and post-test phases. Finally, the data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis and independent t-test in SPSS software, version 23. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The intervention significantly improved the balance of the exercise group compared to the control group. The reduction of COP fluctuations in anterior-posterior (P=0.044), mediolateral (P=0.033), and total directions (P=0.038) in the exercise group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The modified Hatha Yoga can be a suitable exercise to improve the postural control of children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. However, further research is needed to draw a definitive conclusion.

Compare the effects of career counseling method based on Holland`s theory, social cognitive career theory, and solution-focused counseling on career well-being of high school students in Isfahan city

Aim: Aim the present stady was aimed at compareing the effects of career counseling methed based on Holland`s theory, social cognitive career theory, and solution-focused counseling on career well-being of high school students in Isfahan city. 
 Methods: The research methodology was, semi- experimental method with pre-test design post- test is and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of all secondary school students in Isfahan was in the 98-97 academic year. The sampling was done in three steps. using simple random sampling, 10 subjects were selected for each group. Based on this, 3 experimental groups of boys with a control group and 3 experimental groups of girls with a control group were formed.
 Findings: The results indicated that, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding (p<0/001) the career well-being. The difference between the grades of the eight groups indicated that the interventions based on the career counseling based on Holland`s theory, social cognitive, and solution-focused on necessity objective square tests occupational autonomy professional growth positive organizational relationships.
 Conclusion: The counseling method of social cognitive career and circuit - oriented solution is more effective in counseling with students.

The effect of IMB model on CPR self-efficacy in high school students.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the health needs in school age using various new educational methods. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model on CPR self-efficacy in high school students. This was a semi-experimental study in which 56 high school students in Isfahan were randomly divided into two groups (28 students in each group): e-learning method and IMB model. The self-efficacy of high school students in CPR was evaluated using a CPR self-efficacy (18 items) before and two weeks after training in both groups. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 software using descriptive and analytical tests such as independent t-test and paired t-test. Independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean score of CPR self-efficacy in the two educational groups (P = 0.341). However, after intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean CPR self-efficacy scores between the two groups (P = 0.001). According to the findings of the present study, the use of educational method based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model has improved the self-efficacy of high school students.

Explaining the Craving for Cigarette Smoking Based on Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Socioeconomic Status among University Students in Isfahan, Iran

ABSTRACT Background: Adverse childhood experiences are linked to a wide range of physical, social, sexual, and family dysfunctions. These experiences, such as smoking, may have negative health consequences. Objective: The goal of this study was to explain the desire to smoke in university students in Isfahan, Iran based on adverse childhood events and subjective socioeconomic status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 young adults who were recruited randomly from Isfahan universities in 2020. To collect data, a checklist of adverse childhood events, craving for smoking, and a question about subjective socioeconomic status were used. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: According to the findings, 46.5 percent of all university students had at least one Adverse Childhood Experience, and 68.8 percent of all university students had some level of smoking craving. Controlling for demographic variables, respondents with one to five adverse childhood experiences (OR: 1.84; 95 percent of CI: 1.11–3.04) and six or more adverse childhood experiences (OR: 5.37; 95 percent of CI: 2.58–11.71) were more likely to crave smoking than respondents with no adverse childhood experiences. Furthermore, among all students, a higher subjective socioeconomic status reduced the likelihood of smoking by 19%. Conclusions and implications: It can be concluded that university students who have had adversity in their childhood are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors like smoking. Because smoking is recognized as a coping mechanism for stressful events, it is suggested that personal, local, and national strategies aimed at young adults in Iran be developed.

Application of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in Teaching Skin Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Male Students.

Adolescents are at high risk of skin cancer. Since protecting the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet rays is an important way to prevent this disease, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching skin cancer prevention behaviors using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in male students in Isfahan. An intervention study examined change in attitudes and behaviors among 104, 13-year-old male students from two schools in Isfahan, Iran. The schools were randomized to either receive or not receive a 5-session skin cancer prevention curriculum based in PMT theory. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that included demographic, PMT, and behavior construct variables. Questionnaires were completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, paired t-test, and McNemar’s test. The results indicated that the mean scores of all constructs of PMT increased in the intervention group compared to the baseline assessment, except for the response cost (P < 0.001). The mean score of students’ skin cancer preventive behaviors was 39.6 (21.4) in the intervention group, and it increased to 74.7 (23.5) after educational intervention, while the control group did not exhibit any significant behavior change. The intervention certainly shows the potential for being effective over the short-term. Therefore, it is recommended that PMT-based educational interventions be designed to teach and promote social health, particularly at an early age.

The Effectiveness of Play Therapy on Anxiety and Specific Learning Disorders of Elementary-School Students in Isfahan, Iran

Background: Anxiety and specific learning disorders (SLDs) are two problems faced by some elementary-school students, resolving of which is a challenge for elementary teachers. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on anxiety and specific learning disorders of elementary-school students. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test design and control group. The statistical population comprised of all the male elementary-school students aged 9-10 years in Isfahan, Iran, in 2020. Using convenience sampling, we selected 30 students and randomly divided them into experimental and control groups (n= 15 per group). The experimental group underwent nine sessions of play therapy (two 30-minute sessions per week), while the control group received no intervention. The research instruments included Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ). First, both groups completed the pre-test questionnaires, and the intervention program was evaluated in the last training session. As the children could not complete the questionnaires, their parents were asked to collaborate with the research. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed in SPSS software version 22.0 to analyze the data. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the post-test scores of anxiety and specific learning disorders were 64.73±1.30 and 41.73±3.06 in the experimental group and 71.64±1.80 and 49.73±3.33 in the control groups. The results showed that play therapy was effective in reducing the anxiety of elementary-school students in Isfahan. It was also highly effective in alleviating their SLD-related problems (P= 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, the play therapy intervention can reduce anxiety and ameliorate the SLD problems of elementary-school students.

Investigating the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cigarette Smoking in University Students in Isfahan, Iran.

Adverse childhood experiences include various types of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse as well as household dysfunction. These experiences are associated with health-damaging behaviors such as smoking and other adverse health consequences. The aim of the present study was to explain the current use of cigarettes based on exposure to adverse childhood experiences in university students in Isfahan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 450 university students selected on a randomized basis in Isfahan in 2020. Checklist of adverse childhood experiences, checklist of demographic information, and smoking-related variables were employed to collect data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of exposure to adverse childhood experiences on the current status of cigarette smoking. The results showed that 20.2% of the total sample students were current smokers. 46.5% of students stated that they had at least one unfavorable experience and 25.1% of all students reported six or more unfavorable experiences. By controlling demographic variables, respondents with one to five (R = 3.5) as well as six or more adverse experiences (OR = 6.8) were more likely to be current smokers than respondents who had no adverse experiences. This was more likely in female students than male university students. The results suggest that exposure to adverse experiences may increase the risk of behaviors such as smoking in adulthood. Since smoking is known as a mechanism to deal with negative events, it is necessary to develop interventions and programs to effectively deal with adverse experiences at various community levels and policy to reduce risky behaviors such as smoking in adolescents and young people.

The Effects of A Positive Educational Package based on the Teachings of Masnavi and Nezami’s Khamseh on the Spiritual Orientation and Interpersonal Forgiveness of Second-Grade High School Students in Isfahan

The Effects of A Positive Educational Package based on the Teachings of Masnavi and Nezami’s Khamseh on the Spiritual Orientation and Interpersonal Forgiveness of Second-Grade High School Students in Isfahan

The assessment of the correlation between sleep quality and irritable bowel syndrome among medical students

Introduction: Remarkable high rates of functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in particular, is prevalent among medical students. On the other hand, nature of studying medicine leads to sleep disorders in this population. Increased innate immunity in the intestinal mucosa and lamina propria, particularly mast cells and monocytes along elevated numbers of T cells along with antibody production suggest a role for the adaptive immune response. Objectives: The current study aims to assess the prevalence and association between IBS and sleep quality in medical students. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 100 medical students to assess the correlation between sleep disorders and IBS. ROME IV criteria were utilized to determine the diagnosis of IBS and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep disorders. The students’ length of sleep, age, gender and residence were recorded. Results: According to ROME-IV criteria, 24 medical students, including 18 females (75%) were diagnosed with IBS. As measured by the PSQI, 66% of the students reported disturbed sleep quality. The mean length of sleep of the participants was 6.02 (±1.29 hours). The IBS incidence was not associated with age (P=0.56), gender (P=0.49) or residence (P=0.66). The logistic regression assessment revealed that impaired sleep quality was an independent risk factor for IBS diagnosis among the medical students (P&lt;0.001, OR: 10, 95% CI: 4.3-23.3). Conclusion: Based on the current study, IBS was diagnosed in 24% of the medical students in Isfahan. The length of sleep was significantly associated with IBS; however, age and gender and also sleep quality did not have any significant association with it.

The Effect of Home-to-School Transition Program on Social-Emotional Readiness of Preschool Students

Aim: This study was done to investigate the effect of home-to-school transition program on social-emotional readiness of preschool students. Methods: For this study, semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control groups were used. The population included all preschool students in Isfahan during the 2017-2018 academic year who entered kindergarten for the first time. Data collection for this study included voluntary participation of two kindergartens from the city’s 5th district, and each was randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Seventeen students who were qualified to enter the interventional phase were included in the treatment and control group. The transition from home to school program was performed on the experimental group during 3 months and the control group did not received any interventions. The scale of the Social-Emotional School Readiness (Bustin, 2007) was used to collect the data. Findings: The data was analysed with one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance and the results showed that the home-to-school transition program was effective to promote social-emotional readiness of preschool student (p &lt;0/003). Conclusion: Therefore, we can use this program for preschool student to increase their social-emotional readiness.

Development of a Model of Academic Buoyancy based on with School Connection, Family’s Emotional Atmoshphere, Motivation, Self-efficacy and Academic Engagement of Students

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a model of academic buoyancy based on school connection, family emotional atmosphere, motivation, self-efficacy, and academic engagement of students. Methods: This research was of descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all first and second grade high school students in Isfahan in 2018-2019. From among them, a sample of 375 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The tools for data collection included the following questionnaires: Dehghanizadeh and Hosseini Chari Academic Buoyancy Scales (2013), Panaghi et. al School Connection Questionnaire (2011), Razavieh Vesamani Family Emotional Atmosphere (2000), Patrick, Hicks and Ryan (1997) Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Reeve, Agentic Engagement Scale (2013), and The Harter Academic Motivation Scale (1981). Results: The results showed that at 95% confidence level, the direct effect of school connection on academic buoyancy was confirmed with an impact factor of 0.207. Also, academic engagement has an effect on academic buoyancy, with an impact factor of 0.356, and self-efficacy has an impact on academic buoyancy with an impact factor of 0.202. Conclusion: Findings showed that the indirect effect of school relationship on academic buoyancy mediating academic engagement is confirmed, so that the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.206, the indirect effect of family emotional atmosphere on academic buoyancy mediated academic engagement was also confirmed, and that the indirect effect is equal to 0.055. Furthermore, the indirect effect of academic motivation on academic buoyancy is mediated by self-efficacy, the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.084 (p &lt;0.05).

The Healthy Eating Index 2005 among 13-17 Year-Old Students in Iran

Background: Quality of diet is one of the most important factors in maintaining and improving the children's health; whereas, the quality of children's diet has not been studied in Isfahan City of Iran. This study was conducted to assess the adequacy of diet using healthy eating index (HEI)-2005 among 13-17 year-old students in Isfahan during 2014. Methods: The empirical data on dietary intakes were collected after three-days of food record. Later, a valid and reliable standard questionnaire was administered to measure the participants' physical activities. The participants' dietary intakes, daily energy, and nutrients were recorded by four researchers and were analyzed using SPSS 22by running ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The mean score of HEI in adolescents was 67.72. The correlation of calorie intake and mother's career with the HEI score was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Adults taking care of adolescents are recommended to improve the quality of diet among teenagers. They should also apply relevant methods to correct the adolescents' nutritional habits.

Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its Association with General Health Status among High School Students in Isfahan, Iran

Background: Internet has played an increasingly important role in people’s lives; however, there is a global concern that it may cause negative effects on health. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA), and its relationship with general health status among high school students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a multistage proportionate sampling technique conducted among 10-15 year-old students in Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected from 721 students in 5 educational areas of Isfahan. A total of 721 students filled out a self-report questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first was Young Internet Addiction Test and the second was General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28). Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results: Of the 721 students, 52% (375 students) were male. The average age of students was 15.75±1.5 years old. The prevalence rate of Internet addiction among adolescents was 41.2% non-addicts, 53.7% exposed to IA, and 5.1% Internet addicts. Whereas there was a significant difference between boys and girls in IA (P=0.004). In this study, Internet addiction was found to have an independent relationship with parent education and household income but it had a significant negative relationship with the general health aspect including physical health (r=0.3, P<0.001), depression (r=0.4, P<0.001), sleep (r=0.4, P<0.001), and social function (r=0.25, P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, the prevalence of Internet addiction was high among high school students and overuse of the Internet by students may cause depression, decreased mental health and academic performance. Therefore, education about the proper use of the Internet is necessary for high school students.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Pattern of Physical Activity in Middle School Students in Isfahan, 2015.

Background:The incidence of overweight and obesity in children has increased in recent decades. Physical activity (PA), which is a multidimensional behavior, has an important role in preventing and decreasing obesity. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and exercise habits of middle school students and also explore the differences regarding demographic variables in Isfahan, Iran.Materials and Methods:One thousand seven hundred and forty-one middle school students were studied in this cross-sectional study, in 2015, Isfahan. Knowledge, attitude, and pattern of PA were evaluated by a questionnaire. Data were described using central tendency and dispersion values, as well as t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA, and linear regression tests for further analysis.Results:Students living in Khour and Biabanak and Tiran got the highest and lowest scores in knowledge (mean ± standard deviation: 9 ± 1.32 and 6.7 ± 2.19, respectively). Education of the father is the only variable which was associated with the knowledge about PA after adjusting for other factors. About 62.5% of the students mentioned a good attitude toward PA. About 50% of the students said that they always and often do exercise. The most favorable exercise for all the students was walking.Conclusion:We provide the pattern of PA among middle school students of Isfahan province, which can be used to design evidence-informed policies and interventions that aim to increase PA in students.

Strategies to non communicable diseases prevention improvement from the viewpoints of students in Isfahan: A qualitative research.

BACKGROUND AND AIM:Full health is one of the basic human rights and requires a healthy lifestyle. Public continuous education, especially among the students who are a great target group and the future of the country, is the best way to modify lifestyle. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors affecting the prevention of non communicable diseases from students' viewpoints in Isfahan in the academicyear of 2016–2017.METHODS:This study was carried out through the qualitative approach and conventional content analysis method. Participants included 27 students who were selected by convenient and purposeful sampling method with maximum variation. Method of data collection was semi structured interviews with sound recordings with note–taking, and data analysis method was inductive content analysis.RESULTS:After removing repetitive codes and merging the similar ones, 1237 codes were obtained from interviews that were placed in 7 main categories and 18 subcategories. The main categories included “grand health policy-makings,” “the role of the educational system in promoting health,” “schools and healthy nutrition models,” “schools and sports and physical activity development,” “informal learning,” “preventive strategies in health promotion,”and “lifestyle modification.”CONCLUSION:It seems that controlling and improving the factors affecting lifestyle and making school education more effective are the main factors that influence the efficacy of preventive educational programs of non communicable diseases.

The Prevalence of Obesity, Technological Device Usage, Physical Activity and their Relationship with Spirometry Indicators among Children in Isfahan City, Iran

Background: The decrease in physical activities following increased usage of computer and digital games has led to serious health consequences in children. This study investigates the prevalence of obesity, cellphone and computer usage and physical activity levels and their relationship with spirometry indicators in Iranian children. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study during 2013 to 2014 on high-school students in Isfahan, Iran. Sample size determined 1,690 students and sampling performed from 10 girls and 10 boy's high schools, based on multi-staged cluster randomized scheme. A research-made questionnaire was developed to complete by students interview and also contact with teachers and parents and measuring height and weight by researchers. If the asthma was probable (based symptoms and examined by physician) the spirometry was performed. Results: Overall 1,622 high-school students with the average age of 12.9 (+ 1.1) years were recruited. Prevalence of obesity and overweight were significantly higher in boys (P<0.05). The prevalence of obesity was 9.5% in boys and 5.3% in girls, and sever underweight was 4.2% and 2.5%, respectively. Cell phone, computer, and digital game usage were significantly higher for boys (P<0.05); while watching television (TV) was not (P=0.400). Of total, 423 students (26.1%) witch asthma was probable and the average of FVC and FEV1 was significantly higher in boys than girls (P=0.001). Conclusion:The overall prevalence of obesity in 12 to 14-year-old students was more than 7% and its prevalence was influenced by physical activity. Spirometry indicators were correlated with physical activity and lifestyle.

Survey on the Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Junior High School Students in Isfahan, Iran

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common form of nose inflammatory disease that occurs when the mucosal immune system overreacts to environmental allergens especially in the air. It’s absolutely clear that the prevalence of AR varies between different countries, and even between the various areas of a country. The purpose of present investigation is to determine the prevalence of AR, as most common allergic disorders, in the children of middle schools in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods This investigation performed from February 2016 to July 2016, thoroughly, 1191 Junior high school children aged 13-14 years old were screened in our study. Authenticated ISAAC questionnaire was interviewer-administered to gather data on parentally informed symptoms, clinician diagnoses and environmental exposures. Results: The students were averagely 13.57+ 0.5 years old; 779 (65.4%) of them had been suffering from AR and 696 (58.4%) of them had the symptoms of rhinitis over the preceding year. Symptoms of conjunctivitis such as Itch and watery eyes have been reported in 35.1% of cases. Among examined students, 644/1191 (54.1%) were females (P= 0.000). The relationship of allergic rhinitis and exposure to parental smoking, domestic and type of feeding in infancy were not significant (P= 0.655, 0.459, 0.946, respectively), but exposure to house planting was statistically significant (P=0.000). Daily activity was affected in 43(3.6%). Conclusion Prevalence of allergic rhinitis was considerably high in Junior high school students of Isfahan and frequently is undiagnosed. In addition the association of allergic with gender and keeping house plants was significant.

Does learning style preferences influence academic performance among dental students in Isfahan, Iran?

PurposeThe present study aimed to identify the learning preferences of dental students and to characterize their relationship with academic performance at a dental school in Isfahan, Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study included 200 undergraduate dental students from October to November 2016. Data were collected using a 2-part questionnaire. The first part included demographic data, and the second part was a Persian-language version of the visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with the chi-square test, 1-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression.ResultsThe response rate was 86.6%. Approximately half of the students (51.5%) had multimodal learning preferences. Among the unimodal group (48.5%), the most common mode was aural (24.0%), followed by kinesthetic (15.5%), reading-writing (8.0%), and visual (1.0%). There was a significant association between academic performance and the reading/writing learning style preference (P< 0.01).ConclusionMultimodal learning styles were the most preferred. Among single-mode learning styles, the aural style was most common, followed by the kinesthetic style. Students with a reading/writing preference had better academic performance. The results of this study provide useful information for preparing a more problem-based curriculum with active learning strategies.

Youth Violence and Related Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Study in 2800 Adolescents.

Background:Youth violence is an important public health challenge, and the literature on this problem in developing countries has been limited. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of violence its related risk factors in in a sample of students in Isfahan, Iran.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 2800 middle and high school, aged 11–18 years in urban and rural areas selected in a multistage sampling procedure and were questioned using a self-administered questionnaire. Collected data included sociodemographic and family characteristics, students' knowledge, verbal and physical violence (as a perpetrator and/or victim), risk-taking behaviors (weapon carrying, threatening behaviors), family violent status, watching movies, and accessibility of sport facilities.Results:The prevalence of verbal and physical violence in studied students was 45% and 33.3%, respectively. The prevalence of verbal and physical victimization was 45.8% and 23.6%, respectively. The prevalence of physical violence was higher in middle school students than high school students (P = 0.0001) and in boys was higher than in girls (P = 0.0001). Being boy, carried a weapon out of home or in school, victimization, feel unsafe at school, and violence in the family are the significant related risk factors with students violence (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The prevalence of students' violence in Iranian students is similar to the most of other developing countries, although, high rate violence and related risk factors emphasize the need for comprehensive and interventional prevention programs to reduce and manage student violence and associated risk behaviors.