ESO Students Research Articles

Affective-Sexual Behaviors in Youth: Analysis of a Public Health Survey in the School Setting.

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of affectivity and sexuality. Adolescents begin to explore their sexual identities, form intimate relationships, and learn to manage their emotions in new and complex contexts. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of habits and behaviors related to the affective-sexual health of adolescents in the fourth year of ESO, identifying risk factors, comparing their behaviors and risks, monitoring these behaviors, analyzing their pornography consumption, and evaluating the use of the internet as a source of sexual information. Descriptive cross-sectional study using questionnaires. Participants are fourth-year ESO students from a school in the Baix Llobregat province (Catalonia), aged between 14 and 18 years. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses are conducted using the chi-square test and p-value calculations with the R Project software. Frequency and percentage analyses are also used to describe the health behaviors of the participants. The study reveals that girls have better knowledge of the contraceptive pill and male condom than boys. Sexual initiation and condom use management vary between the genders, with girls being more capable of persuading their partners to use them. Pornography consumption also shows significant differences in terms of the age of initiation and frequency between boys and girls. This study on adolescent affectivity and sexuality reveals knowledge about contraceptives, early sexual initiation, and high pornography consumption, highlighting the need for early and diverse affective-sexual education, youth empowerment, and media misinformation management to promote safer and healthier behaviors within municipal public health.

Validación de un entrenamiento de madurez sintáctica: análisis comparativo de la comprensión y producción escritas en estudiantes de español lengua materna y lengua extranjera

This article makes a comparative analysis of the evolution of syntactic maturity both in students whose native language is Spanish and others for whom it is a second/foreign language who have been trained with a specific model for exercising didactic sequences for reading and writing. Some 181 written compositions from first-year ESO and Bachillerato students (Spain), and 150 from SSL/FL Intermediate and Advanced levels have been analysed. Two variables are examined: (1) conditions of written expression and (2) variations between posttest and pretest averages. The results show that the trained groups achieve better rates in most measurements. Thus, the effectiveness of the training designed to develop their linguistic skills is demonstrated in both groups (native and foreign language).

Literary topoi in today’s music as a bridge to the classics Spanish authors

This article presents a review of literary topoi in current music that come from classical Spanish authors and that, therefore, can be exploited didactically with the aim of bringing students closer to literature. The songs that young people listen to are a "powerful hook" with the literary tradition since they allow them to identify these topics and connect them with classic literary works. From a theoretical point of view, we begin by delving into the links between literature and music, we by addressing the concept of literary topic, and we conclude by connecting some current songs with classic literary works through some literary topics or catchwords. These approaches were subjected to classroom action research that was initiated in the framework of a doctoral dissertation and implemented in a Warsaw secondary school mainly during the 2013/2014 academic year. It was subsequently adapted for interactive use within an innovation project of the University of Zaragoza in the 2017/18 academic year and finally applied in an innovation project of the Government of Aragon with 3rd ESO students of the IES Ramón Pignatelli during the 2018/19 academic year. Finally, we analyzed the results of the practical applications, which showed an increase in both student motivation and understanding of literary content.

Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events in the Education of the Citizens of the Twenty-First Century: The Perception of Secondary Education Students

Within the current context of climate emergency, the topic of climate change has become more prominent in secondary education in Spain. However, in general, conceptual confusions arise which should be clarified due to the social importance of climate issues. The objectives of this study, focused on third and fourth year students of ESO (Obligatory Secondary Education) in state schools in a town in the province of Alicante (Region of Valencia, Spain), seek to reveal the perception of the students regarding climate change and extreme weather events, in accordance with the subject in which these contents are taught; and to analyse whether the students have acquired a basic knowledge of the topic at the end of their secondary education. In order to fulfil these objectives, a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and survey-based correlational study has been conducted. The sample was made up of 784 students, surveyed during the academic year 2021–2022. The results indicate that the principal subject in which climate change is taught is Geography and History. The students consider that climate change is a threat to human beings and believe that anthropogenic action is the principal cause. They also perceive an increase in extreme weather events, although it is necessary to qualify this aspect. Therefore, this study defends the need to address this topic in the third and fourth years of ESO, as it is one of the major challenges faced by society and one in which students should be educated within the framework of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Perception of TIC conflicts among secondary school students in a private school. School mediation as a response

For some time now, there has been an increase in research on conflict in school contexts, which in turn broadens the field of conflict prevention in schools, suggesting proactive strategies for action. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how compulsory secondary education (ESO) students perceive one of the most latent conflicts of today, the violence produced with information and communication technologies (ICT). The research methodology used is quantitative with a non-experimental design based on a validated Likert questionnaire on the perception of school violence. The analyses carried out involved descriptive and inferential statistics. The population consisted of 220 ESO students from a private school in Malaga (Spain). The results indicate the existence of a significant level of ICT violence among students in the classroom and, to a lesser extent, student violence towards teachers, in both cases from the students' perspective. It is concluded that ICT violence among students and towards teachers can be addressed with the implementation of school peer mediation, a tool that is proposed as an appropriate formula for positive conflict management.

PEDAGOGICAL TRANSLATION. A DIDACTIC UNIT IN EFL CLASSROOM TO TEACH GRAMMAR BY MEANS OF SUBTITLING

The application of translation in EFL classes has been subject of debate since the perspective of the second language learning (SLL) changed to a more communicative one thanks to methodologies like the Direct method or the Communicative approach. Nonetheless, it is now living a revival because of the increase of use of ICT. Some recent research has concluded that the use of translation or the L1 in general may be beneficial for the confidence of the students and accuracy. The specialty this work is going to focus on is subtitling. Taking the ClipFlair Project as example, many studies have shown that subtitling may improve the listening and writing skills of the students and make them acquire some elements of the second language. Research around subtitling also points the positive attitude of the students towards this kind of exercises. Nevertheless, most of the studies have been done with advanced or university participants and they were focused on the listening skill and the acquisition of vocabulary. The motivation of the students, even though it has been analysed, requires still further investigation. Therefore, the present work will try to fill this gap by answering to the following questions: (1) is subtitling (translation as a language contrasting tool) effective to improve the knowledge of 1st of ESO students on the past simple? And (2) Do subtitling (translation) tasks improve the motivation of students of 1st of ESO towards EFL classes? In order to do so, we are going to divide the participants of 1st of ESO in two groups (control and experimental group) and we will work on the past simple through a subtitling task. A pre-test and a post-test will be used to analyse the knowledge of the participants and to compare the groups. We will also use a questionnaire to collect data about attitude of the students towards the task. On the one hand, we expect both groups to have similar results on the tests. On the other hand, we expect the students to show positive attitude towards the task.

Antisocial and criminal behaviour, school violence, and dating violence in adolescence

This article is aimed at analyzing three forms of violent behaviour, in addition to what it is that triggers what is known as “interactions among violent behaviours”; that is, what feeds back into violent behaviours, whether it is the victim and/or the aggressor simultaneously. The study sample consisted of 433 adolescents aged 12–19 years from four educational centers: two from ESO and two from FPB from a municipality of Greater Bilbao. The results show differences based on gender, showing a greater involvement among boys, as well as differences according to the educational pathway, with a higher prevalence of FPB students conducting antisocial behaviour than ESO students in school violence forms of behaviour and with no significant differences observed regarding dating violence. Finally, there was evidence to suggest the existence of interactions among violent behaviours.

Secondary School Students’ Perception of the Acquisition of Social Science Skill

The aim of this study is to find out the relevance of the competences worked on in the area of social science, specifically in the subjects of geography and history, through the perceptions of pupils in the 4th year of compulsory secondary education (ESO). In order to carry out the survey, a purposive sampling was carried out in which more than 1400 4th year ESO students (in Spain) participated. In addition, using a Likert-type scale of our own creation called Evaluation of the Perception of Social Science Competences (EPECOCISO) and following a design of quantitative methodology, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out with the analysis software SPSS through the descriptive process, which allowed us to select the three factors that make up the study. Subsequently, correlations were established between factors through Pearson’s test, and between the different variables that make up each one of them with the socio-demographic variables (distinguishing between ordinal and nominal variables) through the chi-square test of independence and Cramer’s V test (nominal), as well as the linearity test, Goodman’s gamma test, and the Kruskal (ordinal) test. Finally, one of the most important conclusions of this study is that the difficulties encountered by students in the acquisition of competences is conditioned by the development of the assessment processes that are carried out.

COMPARACIÓN SOBRE LA ACTITUD HACIA LAS MATEMÁTICAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE 5.º DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA, 2.º DE ESO Y 3.º DEL GRADO DE MAESTRO

Esta investigación estudió la actitud hacia las matemáticas. La muestra de este estudio fueron 121 estudiantes de quinto grado de educación primaria, 75 estudiantes de segundo de educación secundaria obligatoria y 57 estudiantes de tercer año del grado de Educación Primaria. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se usó la Escala de Actitud hacia las Matemáticas (EAM). La EAM comprende cinco factores: agrado, ansiedad, motivación, utilidad y confianza. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los tres grupos de estudio. Los estudiantes de quinto grado de primaria obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones en la EAM que los estudiantes de segundo de ESO y tercero del grado de maestros. Por otro lado, los estudiantes de tercero de universidad obtuvieron la puntuación más baja de los tres grupos. Los estudiantes a maestro obtuvieron una puntuación más baja de la media aritmética en todas las preguntas. El estudio presentado en este trabajo puede ser útil para revisar los contenidos de la asignatura de matemáticas.

Pensamiento crítico en ESO y Bachillerato: perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes de un IES en una provincia del norte de España

En los últimos años, se ha prestado un interés significativo a la promoción del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato en España. Sin embargo, la atención se ha centrado en contrastar la validez de propuestas didácticas diseñadas a tal efecto, dejando de lado el análisis de las perspectivas de los protagonis-tas del proceso educativo: los estudiantes y el profesorado. Mediante metodología mixta, esta investigación presenta un estudio de caso en el que se analiza el punto de vista de los docentes y discentes de un Instituto de Educación Secundaria de una provincia del norte de España en relación al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico del alumnado en las etapas mencionadas. Participaron en el estudio 25 docentes y 43 estudiantes, utilizándose cuestionarios elaborados ad hoc como instrumentos de recogida de información. Tanto docentes como estu-diantes señalan el pensamiento crítico como un aspecto clave a desarrollar en ESO y Bachillerato, y perciben la utilidad de las actividades para fomentar el pensamiento crítico del alumnado, estando también de acuerdo en que su promoción se traduce en la obtención de mejores calificaciones. Ambos colectivos detectan carencias en la promoción del pensamiento crítico del alumnado, identificándose los principales puntos débiles en la conceptualización del pensamiento crítico y su evaluación.

Proyecto edusin (educa-salud: investiga y muévete segur@): un programa de intervención sobre los mitos en actividad física y salud

El presente trabajo, denominado proyecto EDUSIN tiene como objetivo principal promover en entornos educativos, una cultura de actividad física y salud basada en el conocimiento, mediante la participación activa de los propios alumnos. Para ello, se realizó una intervención en un centro educativo de Madrid (Carabanchel), en la que participaron 65 estudiantes de 4º ESO. Se evaluó el nivel de conocimiento de los alumnos sobre mitos relacionados con la salud y el deporte, a través del Cuestionario MAFYS. Posteriormente, los estudiantes elaboraron pósteres para concienciar a la comunidad educativa de las falsas creencias. Además, se evaluaron la calidad de la intervención realizada y el alcance de la difusión. Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes es medio-bajo (47,2% de aciertos), la calidad de la evaluación del proyecto ha sido notable (media global = 8,53), al igual que el alcance de la difusión (100% de los encuestados). The present work, called project EDUSIN has as main objective to promote in educational environments, a culture of physical activity and health based on knowledge, through the active participation of the students themselves. For this, an intervention was carried out in an educational center in Madrid (Carabanchel), in which 65 students of 4th ESO participated. The level of knowledge of the students about myths related to health and physical exercise was assessed through the MAFYS Questionnaire. Subsequently, the students made posters of the different myths with the aim of raising the awareness of the educational community of false beliefs. On the one hand, the quality of the intervention carried out was assessed and, on the other hand, the scope of the dissemination. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the students is medium (47.2% of correct answers), the quality of the evaluation of the project has been remarkable (global average = 8.53), as well as the reach of the dissemination reaching 100% of the respondents.

Influencia de la actividad física y práctica deportiva en el rendimiento académico del alumnado de educación secundaria

La presente investigación pretende identificar si la realización de práctica deportiva y de actividad física tiene influencia en el rendimiento académico de adolescentes en su etapa escolar. Se ha tomado a través de un enfoque cuantitativo con carácter inferencial, una muestra de 91 alumnos estudiantes de ESO (n=91). Los instrumentos utilizados han sido el cuestionario mundial de actividad física GPAQ (OMS, 2004), valoración subjetiva de la práctica deportiva y una serie de cuestiones sobre el rendimiento académico, centradas en la nota media del último trimestre y número de asignaturas suspendidas. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos que exponen mayores niveles de actividad física tienen un mejor rendimiento académico que los que no realizan dicha práctica. A su vez, estos resultados son más positivos cuantas más horas de práctica deportiva se realizan, y los alumnos que realizan cualquier tipo de práctica deportiva tienen una valoración más positiva que los alumnos inactivos. This research aims to identify whether the performance of sport and physical activity influences the academic achievement of adolescents in their school years. To do this, it has been taken through a quantitative approach to inferential character, a sample of 91 students of ESO students (n = 91). On the one hand, sport and physical activity was measured through global physical activity questionnaire GPAQ (OMS, 2004), on the other hand, have implemented a number of questions on academic performance, focusing on the overall rating the last quarter and the number of failed subjects in addition to their subjective assessment of sports. The results show that students exhibiting higher levels of physical activity have better academic performance than those not involved in the practice, both in its upper half note as the lower number of failed subjects. In turn, these results are more positive when many hours of sport are made, and students who perform also any kind of sports have a more positive assessment than physically inactive students.

Instagram como herramienta de aprendizaje musical en educación secundaria y bachillerato

El uso de metodologías renovadoras que incluyan elementos atractivos para el alumnado de la ESO y Bachillerato está relacionado en muchos casos por la utilización de recursos TIC, cuyas aplicaciones en el aula de secundaria y de bachillerato se realizan mediante plataformas creadas con fines didácticos con un uso restringido al ámbito académico. No obstante, estas aplicaciones no figuran entre las que más utilizan los jóvenes de nuestro país por voluntad propia. En este sentido, en el presente artículo se ha implementado una intervención didáctica en dos grupos de 4º curso de ESO y primer curso de bachillerato de un instituto público de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de Valencia, en las asignaturas de música y de análisis musical respectivamente, que se sirve de la red social Instagram como herramienta de aprendizaje de los contenidos musicales que se están impartiendo en el libro de texto de forma tradicional. La aplicación de Instagram con el fin de crear memes de los contenidos que se están impartiendo en las asignaturas de música en estos niveles académicos mejoran los resultados de aprendizaje del alumnado de forma muy positiva. Asimismo, este tipo de actividades resultan muy motivadoras para el alumnado frente a las metodologías convencionales.

Emotions of pre-university students in Social Sciences with gamification experiences

El papel de las emociones en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje está adquiriendo mucha relevancia en la investigación educativa de los últimos años. Sin embargo, en el área de ciencias sociales, no son muchos los estudios que se han llevado a cabo a este respecto. El presente trabajo es un análisis de la incidencia de las emociones en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales en experiencias didácticas que se han diseñado con metodología de gamificación. El objetivo principal es valorar la incidencia de esta metodología en la generación de emociones de cara al aprendizaje. La experiencia se ha llevado a cabo con 280 estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato en materias de ciencias sociales. Para analizar los resultados se ha empleado una metodología de tipo cualitativo. Se han analizado fragmentos del diario de aprendizaje, en los que los estudiantes de la muestra se expresan acerca de cómo han vivido las experiencias didácticas de gamificación. El análisis se ha realizado mediante el software WebQDA, que permite extraer conclusiones del análisis de fuentes textuales. Los resultados apuntan a que, por un lado, hay una incidencia muy positiva de las emociones en las experiencias en las que se ha empleado la metodología de gamificación, aunque también se detecta que en algunos estudiantes se generan emociones que pueden complicar el aprendizaje.

Educar en la diversidad: una investigación desde las Ciencias Sociales en 2.º ESO

This paper proposes a teaching unit based on action research paradigms, developed with 2nd ESO students during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 academic years. The main objective was to work on the development of a democratic citizenship based on peaceful coexistence in multicultural contexts, based on geographic and historical content of the curriculum. A critical didactic proposal is presented, sequenced in various activities that have linked specific materials and resources. This teaching unit includes a final task that works, at the same time, as a research instrument. It is a narrative about the coexistence between cultures that the students have developed. The analysis of the content of these narratives allows us to observe the effectiveness of the methodology of the relationships between past and present, the work of historical sources and the use of controversial issues in the classroom, used in the execution of the didactic proposal. Most of the students verbalize positive opinions towards inclusion and tolerance, using for this reason arguments with consistency, although a greater analysis of the non-visible positions is required. This research has led to the conclusion that more work on historical thinking skills will be necessary, as well as promoting an intercultural vision among students that focuses on asymmetric power relations between social groups.

Influence of self-esteem and attention on the academic performance of ESO and FPB students

The present study analyzes the influence that the self-esteem and attention of ESO and FPB students have on their academic performance. We worked with a sample of 336 students of 3rd and 4th of ESO and 1st and 2nd of FPB. The attention capacity of the students and self-esteem were analyzed. The academic performance was evaluated through the grades obtained after the course was completed. The results reveal that the cognitive abilities of the students seem to have a direct influence on their academic performance. That is to say, those students who have a better executive performance usually obtain better marks. In addition, self-esteem seems to play a moderating role between cognitive skills and academic performance, that is, interaction attention*self-esteem helps to better explain academic performance, but only in FPB students.

Influencia de la autoestima y la atención en el rendimiento académico del alumnado de la ESO y FPB

The present study analyzes the influence that the self-esteem and attention of ESO and FPB students have on their academic performance. We worked with a sample of 336 students of 3rd and 4th of ESO and 1st and 2nd of FPB. The attention capacity of the students and self-esteem were analyzed. The academic performance was evaluated through the grades obtained after the course was completed. The results reveal that the cognitive abilities of the students seem to have a direct influence on their academic performance. That is to say, those students who have a better executive performance usually obtain better marks. In addition, self-esteem seems to play a moderating role between cognitive skills and academic performance, that is, interaction attention*self-esteem helps to better explain academic performance, but only in FPB students.

Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure family social capital.

The development and psychometric validation of instruments to measure social capital remains a priority in the field. The aim of the current study was to develop a Questionnaire on Family Social Capital (FSCQ) for use in an adolescent population and to test its reliability and validity.We followed an exploratory, sequential mixed-methods approach consisting of four steps: (1)item selection based on a conceptual model; (2)expert judgment of the conceptual model; (3)cognitive validation through focus groups; (4)psychometric validation, through principal components analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess construct validity, using Cronbach alpha and ICC to test reliability, and testing rural-urban differences to evaluate discriminant validity. A total of 429 3r and 4th ESO students participated in the study.The resulting 26-item FSCQ demonstrated a second-order model with two dimensions and seven first-order factors. The model showed good internal consistency and reliability, as indicated by the Chi-squared value(χ = 155.834; p = 0.91) and CFI(0.936). Discriminant validity tests showed significantly higher scores for the structural FSC and the total FSC scores for the rural group. We conclude that the instrument is an adequate tool to study family social capital in adolescents.

Aprender a comunicar ciencia aumenta la motivación del alumnado. “La Jornada Científica”, una propuesta didáctica en ESO

In this paper, we describe the “Scientific conference,” a didactic proposal consisting in organizing a scientific congress by secondary school students. The students work in a research project about topics that delve into some contents of the official curriculum with the purpose of communicating the results of this project the day of the celebration of the congress. This proposal will allow the development of several competences at the same time, in particular, the linguistic competence. The purpose of this study is to analyze if participation in this experience increases students’ intrinsic motivation towards Physics and Chemistry subjects. The “Scientific conference” has been put into practice with a group of students of 4th ESO at a public secondary school in Getafe (Madrid). It was a quantitative-approach study, by means of a pretest-posttest design with one experimental group. An instrument that enables gathering data related to students’ intrinsic motivation towards Physics and Chemistry subjects has been used. The results of the study showed that the didactic proposal improved students’ levels of intrinsic motivation and, in particular, their levels of interest and enjoyment of the subject. These results point out that this kind of proposal can be a good starting point for the improvement of students’ motivation towards science learning.

Y tú, ¿te proteges del sol? Un proyecto STEM con mirada científica

We present a set of activities that can be used as a starting point to build a learning project that can be developed in the 3rd or 4th levels of ESO and, with some adaptations, also in the first year of high school. The challenge is to find answers to relevant questions related to scientific contents related to solar radiation and the repercussions of this on one's own health and that of the population. The investigation, the design and execution of experiments as well as the data recording and its interpretation have a special relevance throughout the whole proposal. In the different activities, the relationships between the ideas that are worked on and the concrete scientific model to which they correspond are indicated, thus providing an opportunity to contribute to the construction of these models. Finally, it reflects on the operation of the proposal when it has been implemented with ESO students and when it has been presented in teacher training courses.