Speech-language Pathology Students Research Articles

Professional Identity in Speech-Language Pathology Students

Purpose: Professional identity (PI) serves to aid preprofessionals by contributing to a sense of purpose as students pursue their academic requirements. The importance of PI has been explored across other allied health fields including nursing, social work, and medicine. However, this topic has not been thoroughly investigated in communication sciences and disorders (CSD), and there is limited information on perceptions of PI among CSD students. Method: The current study is a secondary analysis of existing data. An adapted version of the PI Five-Factor Scale was administered via an anonymous online survey. Student participants self-reported perceptions of PI and perceived program support. Differences on the factors were tested using t tests and analysis of variance to explore differences between groups. Results: Significant differences were found between monolingual and multilingual students, with monolingual English-speaking students reporting higher perceptions of PI. There were no significant differences in PI between genders, racial groups, or first-generation students versus students of parents with varying educational backgrounds. Participant responses skewed toward a positive PI. Similar results were found for participants' perceptions of program support for PI across the five factors. Conclusions: PI has been extensively explored in allied health fields, but the topic has not been explored in speech-language pathology. Study findings can be used to help better serve students, particularly those from underrepresented groups. These data can support the recruitment and retention of culturally and linguistically diverse students with goals to increase the diversity of the pipeline of future professionals.

Using case-based learning to teach evidence-based practice: A pilot study.

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) promotes the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the provision of clinical services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Therefore, training in the EBP process is vital in the education of future SLPs. Case-based learning (CBL) has been found effective in facilitating transfer of knowledge and skills in various fields; however, its utilisation to teach EBP to SLP students is understudied. This phenomenological investigation explores the use of CBL, an active learning strategy that gives students the opportunity to practice application of knowledge to realistic scenarios, to teach EBP to graduate SLP students. Graduate SLP students worked in small groups to complete an article review activity centred around an assigned hypothetical clinical case. Students submitted article review papers and written reflections on their learning process. The written reflections and review papers were analysed using qualitative content analysis to understand students' approach to clinical cases and their perspectives on the CBL approach. Analysis of the papers and reflections indicated that students tended to rely heavily on scientific evidence for clinical decision making, often to the exclusion of clinical expertise or client perspectives. Students reported that the project was applicable to their future clinical practice. Further, they reported learning from multiple sources, including the instructor, class discussion and their peers. Results indicate that graduate SLP students found CBL activities beneficial for learning the principles of EBP. Students specifically indicated an appreciation for the realistic nature of the activities. Future applications are examined.

What am I looking at? Graduate student accuracy in identification of anatomic structures/landmarks on swallow imaging.

Speech-language pathologists need to accurately identify structures/landmarks on swallow imaging. Foundational learning begins in graduate training. This study aimed to determine graduate student accuracy at identifying anatomical structures/landmarks during swallow evaluations and to determine if accuracy was predicted by type of imaging, anatomical structure, case type (i.e., normal/abnormal). Researchers recruited first-year graduate speech-language pathology students. Each participant reviewed five static images from lateral radiographic swallow studies and five static images from endoscopic swallow studies across 10 cases. Participants identified key anatomic structures and landmarks by clicking on the structure/landmark within a web-based platform. Two experienced speech-language pathologists reviewed and coded participant responses for accuracy. Sixteen graduate speech-language pathology students participated in a within-subjects design. Overall participant accuracy in identification of structure/landmarks was 69% (range 46%-88%). Binomial logistic regression was performed to study the effects of anatomical structure, case type (i.e., normal/abnormal), and image type on likelihood of participant accuracy in identifying anatomical structures (X2(4) = 143.65, p < 0.001). Only anatomical structure was statistically significant (X2(4) = 187.729, p < 0.001). The model explained 23.2% (Nagelkerke's R squared) of the variance in accuracy and correctly classified 78.4% of cases. Sensitivity was 92.1%, specificity was 47.3%, positive predictive value was 79.84%, and negative predictive value was 72.50%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.754, 95% CI [0.716, 0.791]. Graduate student's ability to correctly identify structures/landmarks overall was lower than desired and accuracy varied per structure. Results have implications for improving graduate student training for identification of structures/landmarks on swallow imaging.

An Effective Interprofessional Collaboration to Support African Refugee Students' Oral and Written Language and Social Integration

Purpose: Two faculty members collaborated to advance educational equity by providing a summer camp experience to prevent summer learning loss for African refugee students in preschool through high school. Both faculty members educate university students in graduate programs, one for students aiming to become educators of English to Speakers of Other Languages and the other for speech-language pathology students. Method: Speech-language pathology graduate students provided supports for oral and written language within Tier 1 of a multitiered systems of support framework during camp. Interventions were provided within the context of the camp activities, rooted in the constructs of contextualized intervention, implicit learning, and feedback-free learning. The speech-language pathology students collaborated with the faculty members, camp director, community members, and the campers. Results: The speech-language pathology students learned to provide language support in natural environments, analyze writing, recognize strengths and areas for growth in multilingual learners, establish rapport with individuals from cultural and linguistic backgrounds that differ from their own, collaborate with other professionals, and build campers' confidence and self-esteem. The campers expanded their vocabulary, syntactic, and narrative production and developed teamwork, collaboration, and leadership. Conclusions: This program can be a model for others aiming to collaborate to advance educational equity. Speech-language pathologists have an important role in collaborating with colleagues from other disciplines to provide programs for language and literacy support, even when the students do not have underlying language disorder.

An Interprofessional Education Activity for Dietetic, Pharmacy, and Speech-language Pathology Students

An Interprofessional Education Activity for Dietetic, Pharmacy, and Speech-language Pathology Students

Effectiveness of Temporal Auditory Skills Training Associated With Conventional Auditory Training in the Auditory-Perceptual Judgment of Voice: Preliminary Data

To verify whether there are differences in the performance and reliability of speech-language-hearing students between the moments of auditory-perceptual judgment (APJ) of voice before and after temporal auditory skills training and conventional auditory-perceptual training (APT). Both trainings were applied to 30 speech-language pathology students, with the following stages: 1-Initial APJ of the general grade (GG), breathiness (GB), and roughness (GR) with 30 samples of the sustained vowel [Ɛ], plus 20% of repetitions (six samples), analyzed with a visual analog scale; 2-Temporal auditory skills training on the online platform Afinando o Cérebro, with a total duration of 4hours; 3-APJ of GG, GR, and GB after training in Afinando o Cérebro; 4-APT in the classroom with a total duration of 6hours; 5-APJ of GG, GR, and GB after APT. There was a significant difference in the students' performance in the APJ of GG after the training. The agreement in identifying voices as dysphonic or nondysphonic increased after each training. Temporal auditory skills training associated with APT has the potential to improve the performance of speech-language-hearing students in APJ of voice, especially in GG.

Student and graduate perceptions of a ‘clients as teachers’ experiential learning program on development of family-centered practice

ABSTRACT Family-centered practice (FCP) is a healthcare framework which prioritizes the voices of clients and their families to allow them to achieve their goals and optimize quality of life. However, current research evidence indicates weaknesses in the education of university students to develop skills in FCP. An Australian university’s Parent Tutor Program (PTP) is a ‘clients as teachers’ experiential learning program which aims to improve students’ understanding of FCP in their first year as speech-language pathology (SLP) students. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the PTP on (1) SLP students’ perceptions of their understanding of FCP and (2) SLP graduates’ perceptions of the long-term implementation of FCP. Two focus groups, one with SLP students, and one with SLP graduates, were conducted. Data were analysed inductively through open coding, followed by synthesis into themes and subthemes. Participants believed that the PTP instilled a strong value of FCP. The participants conveyed that the PTP was part of a larger experiential journey in learning FCP. The immediate and long-term impacts of the program were identified within the student and graduate reflections. The findings of this study will inform tertiary educators of the value of ‘clients as teachers’ programs in higher education.

Exploring the impact of stuttering simulation-based learning and personality traits on clinical self-efficacy and professional interest among speech-language pathology students.

Research suggests that participating in a stuttering simulation-based learning (SBL) program could help speech-language pathology (SLP) students feel more at ease, less nervous and more capable while interacting with people who stutter. Personality traits may influence SLP students' self-efficacy beliefs as well as their level of interest in working with clients who stutter. In particular, we suggest that the combination of low neuroticism and high extraversion, previously linked with a more outgoing, emotionally stable and social personality, may enhance self-efficacy. To examine the impact of participating in a stuttering SBL program on clinical self-efficacy (CSE) in managing stuttering therapy among SLP students, as well as its influence on their interest in working with fluency disorders and their associations with personality dimensions. The study also evaluated satisfaction with the SBL experience. SLP students (n = 49) underwent a fluency disorders academic course, self-reported on CSE, and had an interest in working in the field of stuttering and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Post-stuttering SBL program participation, CSE and level of interest in practice of stuttering were reassessed. Satisfaction with the simulation was also gauged. Students interested in working with fluency disorders scored lower in neuroticism and higher in extraversion than their uninterested counterparts. Before the SBL activity, interest ratings were negatively correlated with neuroticism and positively correlated with extraversion. Pre-SBL neuroticism was negatively correlated with CSE. Following the SBL activity, increased CSE and interest in working with fluency disorders were evident, indicating robust and medium effects of the simulation on those indices, respectively. Post-SBL neuroticism was also negatively correlated with CSE. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with the SBL experience. The study suggests SBL is an effective tool for enhancing motivation to work with fluency disorders. Consideration of personality traits and professional interests in designing educational interventions for SLP students, along with tailoring approaches to individual differences, may enhance learning outcomes. The study also highlights the need to differentiate between CSE and objectively assessed clinical competence and the fact that professional development is influenced by various factors. Nonetheless, the positive correlations between personality traits, CSE and satisfaction emphasize the potential of SBL programs in shaping not only clinical skills but also the attitudes and preferences of future SLPs. What is already known on this subject SLPs in the field of stuttering therapy reportedly experience low levels of comfort and professional confidence, possibly due to insufficient clinical experience. According to earlier research, taking part in SBL programs may elevate the CSE of SLP students and help them feel more confident about treating people with stuttering. What this study adds to the existing knowledge In addition to showing the beneficial effects of an SBL activity on SLP students' self-efficacy and interest in working in stuttering therapy, our research shows a significant relationship between personality traits and CSE. Specifically, the combination of high extraversion and low neuroticism was found to be associated with higher CSE and higher levels of satisfaction from the SBL. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The study shows that SBL is an effective tool for enhancing motivation to work with fluency disorders. Overall, students who exhibit high extraversion and low neuroticism show higher levels of CSE, greater motivation in stuttering treatment, and higher levels of SBL stratification. Development of future SBL activities and other educational interventions should take into consideration such personality traits, to enhance learning outcomes.

End-of-Life Learning: Exploratory Insights for Enhancing Successful Tertiary Speech Pathology Placements in Australian Palliative Care

Background: In the context of palliative care (PC), individuals often face communication and swallowing challenges that necessitate speech-language pathology (SLP) intervention. However, there are current shortfalls in preparing SLP students for this unique field of practice. While some research addresses theoretical aspects, limited knowledge exists regarding the practical and systemic factors that hinder or facilitate students’ clinical placements in PC. Aims: This study aims to uncover barriers and facilitators in successful PC clinical placements by gathering insights from experienced SLPs working in the field. Method: Eight Australian SLPs, each with over a year of palliative care experience, participated in two focus groups. Qualitative data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and inductive coding. Results: The findings identified several key themes and sub-themes related to the role of universities in improving PC placements. Three categories of factors emerged: (i) fixed elements inherent to PC, such as its unique caseload; (ii) flexible elements modifiable by universities, like student preparedness; and (iii) variable elements beyond university control, including student characteristics. Conclusion: This research emphasises the importance of well-prepared SLP students engaging in successful PC placements. Achieving this requires adequate training from universities and support from clinical educators to develop comprehensive clinical competency.

Changes in the self-efficacy and communication of nursing, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology students participating in a simulated patient simulation

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine changes in self-efficacy and communication of nursing, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology students through participation in an interprofessional patient simulation. Methods: Twenty-two occupational therapy graduate students, 16 speech-language-pathology graduate students, and 25 undergraduate nursing students participated. Participants completed the Self-Efficacy for Interprofessional Experiential Learning (SE-12), the Interprofessional Collaboration Scale (ICS) pre and post simulation, and an open-ended post-simulation questionnaire on self-perceived stress levels. ResultsEach discipline group demonstrated significant changes in perceived self-efficacy (p < .001) and communication (p < .001). Analysis of the open-ended questions revealed a consistent pattern in reducing stress levels from before the simulation to the post-simulation assessment. ConclusionIncorporating interprofessional patient simulation experiences into pre-professional health programs significantly enhances interprofessional communication skills and self-efficacy and reduces self-reported stress, serving as a valuable tool for preparing students to collaborate effectively in interdisciplinary teams to provide high-quality patient care.

Addressing the Gap: A Pilot Study to Improve Graduate Student's Counseling Self-Efficacy Through Online Support Groups for Care Partners of People With Acquired Brain Injuries

Purpose: The purpose of this technical report is to (a) describe the development and pilot testing of a university training initiative for graduate students in speech-language pathology to conduct online support groups for care partners of individuals with acquired brain injuries and (b) share preliminary data on students' self-efficacy in their counseling skills as a result of training. Method: Four graduate students completed an intensive summer counseling training program consisting of two 90-min student orientations to counseling skills and two online support group sessions for care partners of people with acquired brain injuries. A mixed methods analysis of pilot data collected over the summer of 2023 was conducted. Students completed the modified Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales for speech-language pathologists within 1 week of beginning their counseling training and within 1 week after their clinical training experience. Students also submitted a short reflection paper within 24 hr of their two support group sessions to discuss their overall performance within the session and assess their self-efficacy in their counseling skills. Results: Preliminary data evidenced significant pre- to posttraining gains in two primary counseling areas: (a) psychoeducation (i.e., students' ability to provide information to care partners) and (b) empathy when addressing care partners' concerns regarding their loved one's communication disorder. Students' reflection papers illustrated their sense of growth as clinicians and paralleled the findings from their questionnaires. Conclusions: Our preliminary results highlight the importance of providing counseling opportunities for student clinicians in speech-language pathology graduate programs. Our online clinical model offers an example for replicability across universities to foster self-efficacy in students' counseling skills as part of their graduate studies. “Key” ingredients are provided for replication when developing a student-led online support group program for care partners of individuals with acquired brain injuries.

Public attitudes toward stuttering and cluttering in Chinese and Japanese speech-language pathology students

PurposeThis study utilized the Chinese and Japanese translations of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA–S) and Cluttering (POSHA–Cl) to compare the differences in (a) attitudes towards stuttering versus cluttering in speech-language pathology (SLP) students in either China or Japan, (b) attitudes of SLP students in China versus Japan towards either stuttering or cluttering, and (c) attitudes of Chinese and Japanese students versus international databases for stuttering and cluttering. MethodThe POSHA–S and POSHA–Cl were both administered to 99 SLP students from six universities in China and 352 SLP students from two universities in Japan. ResultsAttitudes toward stuttering were markedly different for Chinese versus Japanese students. Overall, stuttering attitudes were slightly more positive than cluttering attitudes in both countries; however, compared to China, Japanese SLP students attitudes toward stuttering and cluttering were more disimilar. In addition, compared with the international database, the attitudes of Chinese and Japanese SLP students toward self-reactions to both disorders were more positive. ConclusionChinese and Japanese SLP students’ attitudes toward both stuttering and cluttering are likely to be influenced by geography, culture, education, and the “halo effect.” The attitudes of the SLP students in China and Japan are more negative than the attitudes as shown in the global data.

Effects of training in voice auditory-perceptual skills.

This study was designed based on the need to verify the effectiveness of education in the vocology area concerning refining perceptual auditory skills. The purpose of the project described in this paper was to examine the effect of knowledge and skills training during a 2-week voice disorders graduate course on auditory-perceptual skills of pre-professional speech-language pathologists. The training effect was evaluated by comparing pre- and post-course results of ratings of voice quality using auditory-perceptual measures. A cohort of 24 graduate students in speech-language pathology participated in this study. Each student rated a total of 24 voice samples of typical and disordered voice quality from a database using Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). The same voice samples were rated before and after the training, in randomised order. The speakers ranged in age from 35 to 80 years; 16 identified as females and 8 as males. A total of 16 samples were associated with various degrees of dysphonia of organic and functional aetiologies; the remaining 8 voice samples included in the study were classified as normal. The training involved different components including knowledge and auditory-perceptual skills as part of a voice class offered as an intensive 2-week course with daily blocks of 4h sessions. Exploratory comparisons of results to objective outcomes were conducted through comparisons with computer-generated indicators of the Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID), a component of the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV) software from Pentax for capturing the CSID. There was a significant increase in ratings of roughness, breathiness, loudness, pitch and overall severity after the course. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the intra- and interrater reliability post training. Statistically significant positive indications were found in correlations between mean perceptual ratings and the acoustic measure of CSID. Reliability of data was measured by using Pearson's correlations. Intrarater reliability resulted in values of ≥0.90 in all parameters. Similar findings were demonstrated by intraclass coefficients used to estimate interrater consistency: all values were >0.90 but in the Loudness parameter [r (22) = 0.60]. Effectiveness of the training in improving the auditory perceptual skills of students was based on the increased reliability of ratings. Indications of successful implementation and outcomes on auditory-perpetual training procedures in classroom environments will support the development of effective educational methods, which will in turn lead to increased efficacy of service delivery in voice disorders. What is already known on this subject The effects of training on perceptual assessment performance have been indicated in the literature. Past evidence has demonstrated that various types of training produce a significant impact on auditory perceptual skills. Although dedicated research has been advancing over the past decade, further aspects of auditory-perceptual reliable assessment include queries about specific training approaches, optimal duration, and interval time for recalibration. What this paper adds to existing knowledge While past research suggests that increased exposure in identifying voice characteristics impacts assessment skills, there are limited published data on the relationship of knowledge and skill in association with teaching and learning environments, particularly at the pre-professional stage. Practical data from actual classroom application constitute an ideal scenario for inspecting effectiveness of graduate training in voice disorders involving acquiring knowledge and applied skills, including auditory-perceptual voice evaluation. This study is an attempt to expand on previous literature, particularly by examining effects of auditory-perceptual skills training in graduate students following teaching and learning in a systematic 2-week voice disorders course. What are the clinical implications of this work? Outcomes indicative of successful training procedures in a classroom environment will support the development of effective educational methods to increase efficacy of service delivery in voice disorders.

Immediate Effects of Vocal Warm-Up on the Acoustic and Aerodynamic Parameters of Speech-Language Pathology Students

Immediate Effects of Vocal Warm-Up on the Acoustic and Aerodynamic Parameters of Speech-Language Pathology Students

Interprofessional Education in Allied Health Professions: A Collaborative Approach to a Simulation Lab Experience

Abstract Date Presented 03/22/24 This study examined the effects of a simulated interprofessional learning activity on students’ knowledge of feeding and swallowing disorders and attitudes and beliefs toward interprofessional collaboration among OT and speech-language pathology students. Primary Author and Speaker: Marie-Claude Touchette Additional Authors and Speakers: Ruiying Ding, Michelle Zemsky Dineen

Interprofessional education on autism and intellectual disabilities: Program description and initial evaluation.

Project INTERprofessional Autism Collaborative Training (INTERACT) is an interprofessional education program designed to prepare graduate students in psychology, special education, and speech-language pathology to work with autistic children with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities. The rising prevalence of autism, coupled with increased appreciation for interprofessional approaches to service delivery, indicates the need for university training programs to prepare graduate students to work interprofessionally with this population; yet descriptions of such programs and their effectiveness are not reported in the literature. In this article, we explain the process through which an interprofessional faculty team developed Project INTERACT, describe the sequence of coursework and team-based clinical experiences that comprise the program, and present preliminary data regarding its effectiveness. Twenty-four graduate students in psychology, special education, and speech-language pathology participated in this quantitative study. We report results from three rating scales that participants completed at program entry, midpoint, and program exit. Participants endorsed positive attitudes toward interprofessional practice and demonstrated high levels of knowledge about autism. Self-rated knowledge and abilities in interprofessional practice increased significantly by program exit. Project INTERACT scholars developed knowledge and skills related to understanding, assessing, and treating autistic children with intellectual disabilities, through the lens of team-based interprofessional collaboration. We discuss implications for practice with Project INTERACT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Enhancing Adult Hearing Screening Skills for Speech-Language Pathology Students Through Simulation

Purpose: This study evaluated student performance and perception of a simulated hearing screening utilizing an adult standardized patient (SP). It explored the relationship between student performance and student perception of the simulation. Method: Sixty-nine first-year speech pathology graduate students completed a high-fidelity simulation to demonstrate competency in hearing screening administration with an adult SP. Student performance was assessed by supervising educators through standardized rubrics in the following domains: (a) explaining the task, (b) following the university screening protocol, (c) demonstrating clinical and critical thinking, and (d) using the audiometer efficiently. Students also completed surveys to provide feedback regarding their simulation experience. Results: The median rating for student performance across the four domains evaluated was determined using nonparametric tests, while a one-sample t test was used to determine average ratings. Additionally, central tendency and dispersion measures were computed using rubric ratings of students' performance in each domain evaluated. Overall, students performed well in this simulation, with nearly all students demonstrating competency in explaining the task and demonstrating clinical/critical thinking. Following the screening protocol and using the audiometer efficiently showed the most room for improvement. Student survey responses generally indicated that this was a positive and beneficial learning experience and provided constructive feedback for future iterations of this simulation. Conclusions: Hearing screening simulations effectively train graduate speech-language pathology students in the necessary skills. Student perceptions of this simulation were resoundingly positive.

Speech-language pathologists’ experience with nursing initiated texture modified diets in health care settings

BACKGROUND: Texture modified diets (TMDs) are among the most widely used compensatory measures for managing dysphagia. TMDs are associated with significant risks involving nutrition, hydration, and quality of life. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are trained to evaluate and treat people with dysphagia and to assess client-specific appropriateness of TMDs. However, patients are regularly placed on TMDs by nursing staff without formal training in dysphagia and without SLP consult (Gurevich et al., 2021). OBJECTIVE: This study explores the experience of SLPs in health care with respect to such nursing initiated TMDs with the goal of assessing the prevalence of this practice. METHOD: SLP students, clinical fellows, and practicing clinicians (N = 503) were surveyed regarding their exposure to the nursing initiated TMD practice. RESULTS: Overall, 78.9% of respondents have directly encountered the nursing initiated TMD practice, with an additional 10% having heard of it. The group most susceptible to this practice, the certified clinicians who work with dysphagia alongside nurses (n = 461), had a higher rate of directly encountering this practice (82.2%). Among these, the early career clinicians (n = 104) had an even higher direct encounter rate at 87.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Findings show that nursing initiated TMDs are pervasive in United States (U.S.) health care, and SLPs are shown to regularly face this issue in their work settings as soon as they enter the workforce. Given negative outcomes associated with TMDs, patient care would be best served if decisions to implement TMDs were made by personnel with training in dysphagia.

Utilisation of simulation-based learning to decrease student anxiety and increase readiness for clinical placements for speech-language pathology students

Purpose To investigate the use of two versions of a simulation-based learning experience (SBLE) to decrease speech-language pathology (SLP) students’ anxiety and increase their confidence and sense of preparedness for clinical placements. Method Two cohorts of third-year SLP students (n = 33) participated in a mixed-methods study with each cohort completing one version of the SBLE. Participants completed pre- and post-program quantitative ratings of anxiety, confidence, and preparedness for clinical placements and participated in focus groups. Three clinical educators also provided qualitative data in debriefs and interviews. Result Significant decreases in student ratings of anxiety, and increases in confidence and sense of preparedness, were found for participants from both versions of the SBLE. No significant differences were found between changes in each measure between the two groups. Qualitative data from the student focus groups and clinical educator interviews described affective changes in the students, which concurred with the quantitative results. Conclusion Results suggest this SBLE can be used to improve SLP students’ self-perceptions of readiness for clinical placements. Comparable outcomes can be achieved for students using the shorter, less resource intensive version of the SBLE program, with reduced costs, to overcome barriers to its implementation.

Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions From the Perspective of Speech-Language Pathology Students.

Implicit racial and ethnic biases have been documented across a variety of allied health professions; however, minimal research on this topic has been conducted within the field of speech-language pathology. The purpose of this study was to understand implicit racial and ethnic bias in speech-language pathology students by examining their perceptions and attitudes about the acceptability of racial and ethnic microaggressions. We also examined whether the student ratings varied by their racial and ethnic identity (White vs. people of color [POC]). Fifty-nine students (72% White, 28% POC) currently enrolled in a speech-language pathology program voluntarily completed the Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions Scale via an online Qualtrics survey. Although 70% of the student ratings classified the microaggressive statements as unacceptable, 30% of their ratings classified the statements as either (a) acceptable or (b) neither acceptable nor unacceptable. Although both groups of students rated the majority of statements as unacceptable, students who self-identified as White rated more statements as acceptable than students who self-identified as POC. Findings indicating relatively high rejection of microaggressive statements by speech-language pathology students are promising. However, responses were not uniform, and a nontrivial proportion of responses provided by speech-language pathology students reflected passivity toward or active endorsement of microaggressive statements.