Students In Faculty Of Medicine Research Articles

Frequency and risk factors of cigarette smoking among male medical students of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan

Tobacco consumption is a major global health issue that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over five million deaths occur each year due to tobacco use, projected to rise to 8 million by 2030. Furthermore, current research reveals that 47% of males and 12% of females worldwide smoke. Of particular concern is cigarette and tobacco use among medical students, given their role in crafting public health policy and guiding society's tobacco prevention measures. Studies show that smoking rates among medical students in developing countries are between 16-21%, with multi-country surveys in countries like Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh indicating rates between 6.7% and 17.8%. For example, a study conducted on medical students in Damascus University Faculty of Medicine revealed a 10.9% prevalence of cigarette smoking, 23.5% for water pipe, and 7.3% for both, with higher rates reported among final-year students. Likewise, a study of Rawalpindi Medical College students found that 24% had smoked at least once, with greater prevalence among hostellites rather than day scholar students.

Tıp Öğrencilerinin Yapay Zeka Konusundaki Bilgi ve Tutumları: Kesitsel Bir Araştırma

Background:
 Artificial intelligence (AI) may be explained as robotic systems that are made by humans. These robotic systems are designed based on statistics and used for executing functions of human-like behavior. AI is used in medical fields such as surgical areas and medical education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge and attitude of medical students at Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) about AI in medicine.
 Methods:
 A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the medical students in the EMU Faculty of Medicine by using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included 3 parts; participant demographics, knowledge about AI, and attitudes toward AI. The results were collected and inspected via Microsoft Excel. The data from the survey were analyzed by chi-square tests using SPSS v26. 
 Results:
 88 medical students responded online survey. Most of the survey responders (77%) were already aware of information related to AI in medicine. The majority of the participants acquired this information from mainly social media and media. Only 26.1% of students indicated that they learned something about AI from lectures. 29.5% of preclinic phase students believe that the human physician will be replaced by AI in the foreseeable future, but the percentage is decreased to 18.5% among clinic phase students. Male students significantly stated that they have a basic understanding of AI (p

Determinants of Academic Performance Among Undergraduates During COVID-19 in a Public University: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: This study aims to examine the determinants of academic performance among students in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS) in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) during COVID 19 pandemic. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted between 1st March 2021 until 15th March 2021 to determine the factors associated with academic performance during COVID 19 pandemic among medical students in a public university. The questionnaires of COVID-19 Fear Scale, Student Stress Inventory-Academic Subscale, and self-reported academic performances were used. Results: The study revealed that lower stress level (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.893-0.984), being non-medical students (OR 3.210, 95% CI 1.844, 5.587) compared with medical students, Chinese ethnicity (OR 2.932, 95% CI 1.635, 5.258) compared with non-Chinese ethnicity and a conducive study environment (OR 1.954, 95% CI 1.168, 3.268) compared with non-conducive study environment were the determinants of good academic performance among undergraduates in a public university during COVID 19 pandemic. Conclusion: These findings indicate that low stress level, non-medical course, Chinese ethnicity, and good study environment are significant factors associated with good academic performance during COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate students in a public university. Therefore, institutions may benefit from taking these factors into account when developing interventions to enhance students’ academic outcomes.

Medicine Faculty Students' Perspective on Cadaver and Organ Donation in the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 is an important pandemic that affects the whole world. Another branch of the wreckage its devastating effects on the health care system is organ and cadaver donations. This article aimed to raise awareness about cadaver and organ donation during the COVID-19 period, with the support of student opinions. Twelve opinions about cadaver and organ donation during the COVID-19 pandemic were presented to the fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-year students at the Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine. The answers were compared between male and female students using the χ2 test. It is seen that the data obtained about cadaver and organ donation are important. In addition, the storage conditions of cadavers and organs, the risk of disease transmission, and the risk of contamination are discussed with striking data. It is understood from the obtained data that awareness about cadaver and organ donation is always on the agenda. In particular, conferences and meetings should be held frequently to keep medicine faculty students informed. The handling of COVID-19 has also given a significant impetus to the research throughout.

The Relationship between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Cumulative Achievement Index of Medical Student in Atma Jaya Faculty of Medicine Batch 2018

Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) is the inability to maintain wakefulness and alertness during the major waking episodes of the day, with sleep occurring unintentionally or at inappropriate times almost daily for at least three months. Poor concentration is commonly reported as a symptom of EDS and frequently disrupt academic performance in the learning activity. This study aims to determine the relationship between EDS and cumulative achievement index (GPA) among medical undergraduates at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
 Methods: This research is an analytic observation research with cross-sectional data collection on 180 respondents out of the 2018 class of preclinical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. The data collection methods used were the ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and cumulative achievement index (IPK) questionnaires. Demographic variables were also measured. Data were analyzed using the statistic software SPSS with a chi-square test (α ≥0,05).
 Results: From 180 respondents, 52,8% had EDS, 25% of the total had mild EDS, 16,1% had moderate EDS, and 11,7% with severe EDS. The cumulative achievement index found in respondents mostly ranged from moderate (43,3%) to high (42,3%). The rest had low scores. Furthermore, 25% of respondents had a high IPK score with EDS, 22% had a moderate IPK score with EDS, 5,4% had a low IPK score with EDS, 18,5% had a high IPK score without EDS, 22% had a moderate IPK score without EDS, and the rest 7,1% had low IPK score without EDS. Analysis with chi-square showed no significant relationship between EDS and IPK (P=0,425).
 Conclusions: There was no relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and cumulative achievement index of medical students in Atma Jaya Faculty of Medicine and Health Batch 2018.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI TENTANG HIV/AIDS DAN STIGMA TERHADAP ODHA PADA MAHASISWA KESEHATAN FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA

Stigma is the one of negatif impacts of HIV/AIDS that can be an obstacle in prevention and treatment of People Living with HIV (PLWH). Stigma against PLWH affected by a person's perception. Health providers and health science students should provide health services without discrimination. This study aimed to determine the correlation between perception of HIV/AIDS and stigma against PLWH among health science students of Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. This study was a correlative descriptive study. Sampling techniques in this study was proportionate stratified random sampling with 269 respondents who are 4th grade students in Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. The data about perception and stigma were collected using a using a perception questionnaire that refers to the theory of Health Belief Model (HBM) and a stigma questionnaire adopted from the Development of a Brief Scale to Measure AIDS-related Stigma. Median of the respondents’ perception is 91.00 with a variant of 38,542 and the median of the respondents’ stigma is 9.00 with a variant of 5.027. The result of the statistical test shows a significant correlation between perceptions of HIV/AIDS and stigma towards PLWH in health science students of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University (p value = 0,000; ? = 0,05; r = -0,351).

Overview of knowlegde, attitude and practice about breakfast among students in faculty of medicine and health sciences of Krida Wacana Christian University in 2020

Breakfast is beneficial for maintaining concentration, mental health, and improving cognitive function. Students are expected to have knowledge, attitude and good behavior regarding breakfast. This study aims to obtain an overview of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about breakfast among students in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Krida Wacana Christian University, in 2020.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MEDICAL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF ONLINE LECTURE AND LEARNING MOTIVATION DURING THE LOCKDOWN: A SINGLE INSTITUTION PERSPECTIVE

Background: Since it was first declared global pandemic by WHO in March 2020, Covid-19 has been triggered many unprecedented changes in education. This drastic change is likely to have an impact on students’ perception and their scholastic motivation. Many previous studies have discussed students’ perception towards online learning and students’ learning motivation during this pandemic separately, but we found none discussed on their relationship.Aims: This study ventured to distinguish a possible correlation between perception of online learning and learning motivation among the students in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, during the pandemic lockdown.Methods: This was a correlative study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were 286 students, selected from three academic years. Primary data was collected by using questionnaire. Data was analysed with Spearman’s rank test and binary logistics to find true association by using IBM SPSS for Windows 26.0.Results: Students’ perception of online lecture were mostly towards favourable attitude, while students’ learning motivation was leaning towards lower motivation. We found an interesting finding regarding the correlation of both variables. Descriptively, students found that they were easily lose focus during online session. Most of the students also perceived that online learning is less effective compared to face-to face learning.Conclusion: Online learning faces hinderances, both technically and psychologically. Faculty and educators need to address these challenges to be able to promote better strategy in dealing with the difficulties

Physical Activity Intensity, Total Modes, and Neck Muscle Stiffness

Background: Neck muscle stiffness is the most common finding of neck pain. The effect of physical activity on neck muscle stiffness is still showing various results. Currently, working from home as the result of COVID-19 pandemic had changed the daily physical activity of each person, including medical students. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity intensity along with total modes of activity and frequency of neck muscle stiffness events. Methods: This is an observational study with cross-sectional study design. Simple randomized sampling was used in this study. Data collection utilized modified EPIC-PAQ2. Data calculated and converted to MET-hour/week and units to assess physical activity intensity and total modes. Results: Physical activity intensity and total modes of activities showed no statistically significant relationship with the frequency of neck muscle stiffness in preclinical medical students in Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara. Sex parameter showed significant relationship. Male category showed odd ratio of 0.358 (OR = 0.358, 95% CI) for developing more frequent neck muscle stiffness. Conclusion: More accurate studies have to be conducted to adjust confounding factors on the incidence of neck muscle stiffness.

Description of Knowledge of Pre-Clinical Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University Batch 2020 regarding COVID-19

The world is currently facing a pandemic spreading rapidly in more than 200 countries caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The virus was first thought to have originated from Wuhan, China, and the infection has spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. The mortality rate for COVID-19 in Indonesia is 8.9%. This figure is the highest in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the government made various efforts and policies to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. One of them is implementing the health protocol, namely 3M (using masks, washing hands, and social distancing). However, due to the increasing number of Covid-19 transmission in Indonesia, the current health protocol became 5M (washing hands, wearing masks, social distancing, limiting mobility and interaction and staying away from crowds) is expected to reduce the transmission rate of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to discover the description of knowledge of Pre-Clinical Students in Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Class of 2020 regarding COVID-19. The design of the study is a descriptive survey with a quantitative descriptive. Data were obtained by using questionnaires distributed online with a non-random sampling technique, in which we used purposive sampling. The participants were next screened with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It resulted in 140 participants who qualified the criteria and whose data could be considered for further analysis. The results showed that from 140 students, 136 students (97,1%) had good knowledge, three students (2,1%) had sufficient knowledge, and one student (0,8%) had less knowledge about COVID-19. The study finds that 136 students (97,1%) in a class of 2020 in the Faculty of Medicine at Christian University of Indonesia have a good knowledge of COVID-19.
 Keywords: Knowledge, Pre-Clinical Students, FK UKI 2020, COVID-19.

The impact of basic life support training on the knowledge and skills amongst medical students in faculty of medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh: a pre-experimental study

Introduction: Basic life Support (BLS) is a series of initial attempts to restore respiratory and/or circulatory functions in a person whose breathing and/or circulation stopped (cardiac or respiratory arrest). This study aimed to determine the impact of Basic Life Support (BLS) Training on the knowledge and skills amongst medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh.Methods: An institution-based pre-experimental study with no control of extraneous variables in the form of a one-group pre-test-post-test design. Three steps of the study, administering a pre-test measuring the dependent variables, applying the training to the respondents, and administering a post-test. The differences attributed to the application of the BLS training were then evaluated by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores using the Wilcoxon test, and the differences were considered significant at p<0.05.Results: A total of 82 medical students were involved in this study. The overall knowledge of BLS before the training was categorized as good, adequate, and poor with 1 (1.2%), 57 (69.5%) and 24 (29.3%), respectively. While the level of BLS skills of all respondents, 82 (100%), was poor. However, the level of knowledge and skills amongst respondents after participating in BLS training categorized as adequate increased significantly to 77 (93.9%) and 48 (58.5%), respectively, and none of the respondents categorized as a poor level of knowledge even though there were 34 (41.5%) respondents still had poor level of skills. Bivariate statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test found that the BLS training impacts knowledge and skills with a p-value of 0.000 (p< 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the implementation of BLS training for medical students greatly impacts knowledge and skills. The routine non-academic BLS training should be considered to increase both knowledge and skills amongst medical students.

Serum Magnesium Level and Inflammation in Obese Medical Students at Ain Shams University

Abstract Background: Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation is a key feature of obesity because of adipose tissue inflam-mation with overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the pathophysiological links between inflammation and obesity. Detection of factors contributing to obesity are therefore fundamental strategy in obesity management. Aim of Study: To determine the relationship between the serum level of Mg, dietary intake of Mg and inflammation among a sample of Medical Ain Shams students. Subjects and Methods: The current study is a descriptive study of 60 medical students divided into two equal groups. Group 1 includes normal weight students with BMI between 18.5-24.9kg/m2 and group 2 includes obese students with BMI >!30kg/m2. Results: There was a significant increase in BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and decrease in serum Mg and dietary intake of Mg in the obese group compared to normal weight group. Moreover, BMI, WC, and WHR were positively correlated with CRP and negatively correlated with serum Mg. Serum Mg and dietary intake of Mg were negatively correlated with CRP. Conclusion: Our study may lend an additional support to the positive relationship between obesity and inflammatory status. Also, it confirms the negative relationship between obesity/inflammatory stress to Mg status in this subset of obese students as compared to normal weight students in Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress disorders among medical students in Alexandria Faculty of Medicine during COVID-19 pandemic

AimsWe aimed to assess the impact of the current pandemic on the mental well-being of undergraduate medical students of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.MethodWe designed a structured anonymous online questionnaire and encourage students to fill it in on social platforms. The questionnaire is composed of seven parts, each one includes multiple choice questions aimed to measure the impact of the pandemic on different aspect of daily activities namely: academic performance, social and family relationship, eating and smoking habits, sleep pattern, physical activity and the Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). The last part was an open question where participants can state their comments about the experiences during the quarantine and how they affected their mental health.ResultA total of 1181 students from the six academic grades responded. Females and students in the third academic year showed the highest prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress. Overall, most respondents reported that the current pandemic had negative impacts on their academic performance (71%) and social relationship (67.5 %). The majority of the students stated that they became less physically active (74.6%) and 52.2% experienced a weight gain. Despite that 60% of the studied population rated their sleeping quality as ‘’very good’’ and ‘’fairly good’’, 45.3% and 39.6% suffered from increased sleeping hours and disturbed sleep respectively. Based on students’ responses of the DASS-21, over half of the participants (62.2%) were experiencing moderate to extremely severe stress and over 33% were consistent with symptoms of extremely severe anxiety. In respect of depression, nearly half of the sample (46.4%) can be described as having extremely severe depression according to the cut-off points of the DASS-21.ConclusionThe current pandemic has increased the challenges and burdens on undergraduate medical students. These impacts can be more profound in developing countries such as Egypt. The levels of psychiatric symptoms are alarming compared to previous local and international studies. These unprecedented consequences should be addressed promptly through students’ counselling and psychiatric assistance. To date, this is the largest psychiatric and survey-based study conducted on Alexandria Faculty of Medicine.Financial disclosure: The study was not funded by any organization, the authors did not receive any financial aids.

Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Üniversitelerin Tıp ve Diş Hekimliği Fakültelerinde Verilen Online Anatomi Eğitiminin Öğrenci Geri Bildirimleri ile Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: We are experiencing the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the whole world. All educational facilities have been negatively affected in this process. In this study, the aim was to evaluate online anatomy education during the Covid-19 pandemic with students’ feedbacks and it was questioned whether it would be efficient to use online education more actively in the following years. Methods: A total of 1127 first and second-year students from dentistry faculty and medicine faculty of Düzce, Karabük, and İnönü universities were included in the study. The survey prepared in “Google Forms” was sent online to students via the “Whatsapp” application. Descriptive statistical analyses were used in data. Results: According to analysis results, it was found that the students agreed on the content and efficiency of online anatomy education and it was found that they thought anatomy theoretical courses should not be conducted only after the pandemic is over. It was found that medicine faculty students placed more importance on anatomy education in terms of professional aspects. Conclusions: As a result, we believe that the online anatomy education students receive is important in terms of their professional development. However, we believe that it won’t be possible for online anatomy education to replace face-to-face education. This study will be a resource for studies to be conducted in medicine and health sciences fields in terms of online education.

The relationship between age of menarche with striae among female students

Background: Striae are harmless skin disorders, but can cause cosmetic and psychological concerns. The role of estrogen in reducing adhesion between collagen fibers can cause striae in stretch area. Menarche that occurs during puberty play a role in the increment of estrogen levels. Adolescents who had experienced menarche tend to have higher estrogen levels.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with total sampling method. 151 female students in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara were included and physical examination on the site of striae was done to confirm diagnosis. Age of menarche is classified as early (≤11 y.o), normal (12-13 y.o) and late (≥14 y.o). Study was conducted after approval from the Ethics Committee Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara.Results: Subjects in early menarche group were 84 (55.6%) subjects, normal were 56 (37.1%) subjects and late were 11 (7.3%) subjects. Median (11.0 y.o) and minimum-maximum age of menarche (9-16 y.o). Sites of striae were found mostly in thighs (66.9%), followed by buttocks (11.8%), calves (7.4%), hips (6.6%), chest (3.7%), upper arms (2.2%) and breasts (1.4%). Subjects with early menarche were 84 subjects in which 78 with striae and 6 without striae. Subjects with normal and late menarche was 67 subjects with 35 having striae and 32 without striae. In this study, we found a significant correlation between age of menarche with striae (p <0.05).Conclusion: Early menarche can induce risk of striae in adolescents

Career Preferences of Senior Students in Faculty of Medicine and Factors Affecting These Preferences

Kariyer, genel anlamıyla seçilen bir iş hattında ilerlemek ve bunun sonucunda sorumluluk üstlenmek, statü kazanmak ve saygınlık elde etmek anlamını taşımaktadır. Bir kişinin iş yaşantısındaki aktivite, sorumluluk, tutum ve davranışlarının gelişimidir. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerini mezuniyet sonrası temel, dâhili ve cerrahi bilimler alanlarında farklı düzey ve statüde kariyer olanakları beklemektedir. Bu çalışmada Tıp Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer tercihlerinin ne olduğu ve bu tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada karma araştırma yöntemi ve tamamlayıcılık deseni kullanılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler eş zamanlı toplanmış ve bir yöntemden elde edilen bulguların detaylandırılması, sunulması, artırılması ve açıklığa kavuşturulmasında diğer yöntemin sonuçları kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak odak grup görüşmeleri ve kariyer tercih anketi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan odak grup görüşmeleri içerik çözümlemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Transkriptleri çıkarıldıktan sonra kodlanıp, kategorize edilmiştir. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Fisher’s Exact Test kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların %60.9’u (n=28) kadın, genel yaş ortalaması 24.4 (±1.9) idi. Öğrencilerin %66.7’si (n=30) mezuniyet sonrasında dâhili, %28.9’u (n=13) cerrahi tıp bilimleri, %4.4’ü (n=2) temel bilimleri seçmeyi planlıyordu. Hiçbir öğrenci meslek hayatına pratisyen hekim olarak devam etmek istemiyordu. Öğrencilerin %84.8’i mezuniyet sonrasında “kamu hastanelerinde” çalışmak istediklerini ifade etti. “Yaşam tarzı esnekliği” ve “Kabul edilebilir çalışma saatleri” kariyer tercihini en çok etkilediği ifade edilen faktörlerdendi. Kariyer tercihini en az etkilediği tespit edilen faktörler ise “aile isteği” ve “sürekli mesleki gelişim için zaman ve para harcama zorunluluğu” ile “toplum tarafından algılanan statü” idi. Odak grup görüşmelerinden “ilgi, yetenek, para, saygınlık statü, kabul edilebilir ve yönetilebilir çalışma koşulları, dar ve odaklanmış ve genel uygulama alanı, TUS’dan alınan puan, mesleki tatmin, hastalar ve hasta yakınları ile ilişkiler, etik ilişkiler, yurtdışı olanaklar ve kariyer danışmanlığı” etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin kariyer planlamalarını yetenek ve ilgi alanlarına göre yapabilmelerini desteklemek ve sağlık alanında dengeli bir hizmet dağılımı sağlamak için, çalışma koşullarının düzenlenmesi yanında, mezuniyet öncesi eğitimde olumlu rol modellerinin varlığı ve kariyer danışmanlığı önem kazanmaktadır.

Computer Vision Syndrome and Associated Factors among Students of Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Abstract Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is an emerging health problem which is unceasingly increasing worldwide. It refers to a group of eye and vision problems experienced during or related to computer and other VDTs use. Aim of Study: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of CVS among students of Faculty of Medicine in Cairo University and to detect the relation of various factors in computer use with occurrence of symptoms. Patients and Methods: This study is a cross-section study in which 260 medical students from different grades of Faculty of Medicine in Cairo University were included. Participants were interviewed using self-administered Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Results: The current study reveals that 75% of medical students in Faculty of Medicine suffered from CVS. Headache (81.5%) and eye pain (63.8%) are the most frequent CVS symptoms experienced by the students. CVS prevalence is found to be more among female students (78.7%) than among male ones (71%). It is also found to be more among glasses wearers (78.8%) than among non-glasses wearers (70.7%) and much more among contact lenses wearers (92.9%) than among non-contact lenses wearers (72.8%). There is significant linear correlation between duration of use of VDTs (by hours/ day) and the score of CVS. Conclusion: This study revealed that CVS is a prevalent problem among students of Faculty of Medicine, Cairo Uni-versity.

COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LED TV/LCD AND WHITEBOARD AS A LEARNING MEDIA IN PBL TUTORIAL DISCUSSION IN A MEDICAL SCHOOL AT INDONESIA

Background: Learning media do have an important role in facilitating learning for medical students, especially in Problem Based Learning (PBL) curriculum. TV-LEDs, LCDs and whiteboards are currently popular to be used as the learning media for PBL tutorial discussions. TV-LEDs and LCDs are digital technologies which are considered more sophisticated when compared to whiteboards. Undergraduate medical students in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada (FM UGM), Yogyakarta-Indonesia attend PBL tutorials every week and use those learning media to facilitate their tutorial discussions. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of TV-LEDs/LCDs and whiteboards as learning media in PBL tutorial discussion.Methods: A cross-sectional study using both qualitative and quantitative (mixed method) survey approaches. A total of 398 third and fourth year undergraduate medical students of FM UGM participated the survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire that incorporated close-ended questions using likert-scale (quantitative) and open-ended questions (qualitative). Quantitative data were analysed based in ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) grouping method and qualitative data were analysed using deductive qualitative analysis.Results: The survey found based on ARCS groups that A = 3,68; R = 3,63; C = 3,69; S = 3,71. These results indicate that students are eager and enthusiastic in using the technology of TV-LEDs/LCDs as learning media. The qualitative responses describe the benefits and limitations of both TV-LEDs/LCDs and whiteboards as learning media in PBL tutorial. Students also provide some suggestions to optimise the benefits of both learning medias in facilitating learning in PBL tutorial.Conclusion: The use of TV-LEDs/LCDs as learning media in PBL tutorial received a positive response overall. TV-LEDs/LCDs are considered more effective and interactive rather than whiteboard. Students suggested that TV-LEDs/LCDs should be used side-by-side with whiteboard.Keywords: TV-LED/LCD, whiteboard, tutorial, learning media, effectiveness, medical student

Perception of Social Gender Roles in Medical Faculty Students

Abstract Background “Gender equality’’ is the fifth of the Sustainable Development Goals put forward in order to ensure the development in all areas. Medical faculty students, who will be a doctor, should practice with a gender equality perspective and shape their views and attitudes with equality in mind which will have an important part in the adoption of equality by society. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perception of social gender roles in medical students. Methods This cross - sectional study was performed with all students in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic characteristics and Gender of Perception Scale(PCS) to measure perception of social gender roles. The scores that can be taken from the scale are ranged from 25 to 125, and high scores indicate that perception of gender is positive and equality. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis were used in univariate analysis; multivariate linear regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results The study group consisted of 1023 (84.3%) students in the study group, 52.8% were females and their ages ranged from 17 to 30 and the mean was 21.36 ± 2.06. The PCS scores ranged from 32 to 125 and the mean was 108.07±16.58. Multivariate linear regression analyzes were performed to determine the factors associated with the PCS. According to the results of last model sex, living with grandparents until the age of 18, region of the majority of life and parental attitudes were found to be related to perception of social gender roles (F = 29.602, R2=0.170, p < 0.001). Conclusions The perception of gender of medical students was found to be positive. Sex and the characteristics of the social environment were related to perception of gender. In order to raise awareness on gender equality, it might be useful to ensure integration in the medical education curriculum. Key messages Factors that can be changed, such as the social characteristics of the living environment, were found to be related to perception of social gender roles. Ensuring gender equality, one of the Sustainable Development Goals, is important for medical students who will be a role model for society.

Evaluation of knowledge and behaviors of students in faculty of medicine towards rational drug use

AbstractAim: The study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of university students on rational drug use. In recent years, non-rational drug use has become a global problem.Material and Methods: The developed questionnaire was applied to 640 medical school students, who agreed to participate in the study, with face-to-face interview technique. The questionnaire has items to question the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors of individuals regarding the rational drug use. Results: Of the study group, 54.6% (n=350) uses medicines only prescribed by physicians, 87.5% (n=560) uses drugs in accordance with the prescription, and 27.5% (n=176) stated to store medications under appropriate conditions. Of the respondents, 16.0% (n=103) was taking antibiotics on their own on complaints such as influenza and common cold, 15.5% (n=101) was taking vitamin and mineral supplements every day regularly, and 57.5% (n=368) had never used vitamin-mineral supplements regularly. Conclusion: Non-rational drug use leads to decrease in adherence to treatment, drug interactions, resistance to certain drugs, recurrence or prolongation of the diseases, increased frequency of adverse conditions and increased treatment costs for patients. Of the respondents, 27.66% stated that he/she did not waste any medication, but the remaining 72.34% was wasting drugs more or less. The 81.56% rate of "Yes" response to the question "Would you like to receive training on rational drug use?", despite the 19.22% "Yes" to the "Have you received training on rational drug use?" in our study suggests that there is a need for more education on rational drug use.