Student-student Relationships Research Articles

The Effects of Family and School Interpersonal Relationships on Depression in Chinese Elementary School Children: The Mediating Role of Academic Stress and the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem.

This study explores the relative contributions and psychological mechanisms of the effects of family (father-child and mother-child) and school (teacher-student and student-student) interpersonal relationships on depression in elementary school children. The participants (n = 20,629) were elementary school children (48.19% male) aged nine to 13 years from Southwest China during the COVID-19 pandemic. They voluntarily completed questionnaires regarding parent-child, teacher-student, and student-student relationships, as well as academic stress and self-esteem. The results indicate that the effect of family interpersonal relationships on children's depression was stronger than that of school interpersonal relationships. The predictive effects of father-child and mother-child relationships on children's depression did not significantly differ; however, the effect of student-student relationships was significantly stronger than that of teacher-student relationships. Academic stress partially mediated the effect of interpersonal relationships on depression in elementary school children. The effects of family interpersonal relationships and academic stress on depression were moderated by self-esteem. These findings underscore the disparities and mechanisms pertaining to the impacts of diverse interpersonal associations on children's depression, thus signifying significant implications for the advancement of research and intervention strategies aimed at addressing this issue.

Understanding the link between social relationships and adolescent Internet addiction: Perspectives from two approaches to well-being

This study aimed to investigate the associations of four dyads (mother-child, father-child, teacher-student, and student-student) of social relationships with adolescent Internet addiction (IA) and explore the seldom concurrently examined roles of life satisfaction and life meaning (indicators of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being respectively) as potential mediators and moderators in these associations. Based on data collected from 1,974 adolescents in China, the results showed that 1) father-child relationship (but not other relationships) was negatively associated with IA; 2) the mediation effects of life satisfaction and life meaning were significant on the links between father-child and student-student relationships and IA, and the suppression effect of life satisfaction (but not life meaning) was significant on the association between mother-child relationship and IA, while the mediation effects were not significant regarding teacher-child relationship; 3) life satisfaction and life meaning significantly moderated the association between father-child relationship and IA in opposite directions: life satisfaction reinforced the negative association, while life meaning mitigated the relation. The findings delineate the association between social relationships in different contexts and adolescent IA as well as the unique roles played by life satisfaction and life meaning in underlying the association.

How entrepreneurship programs foster students’ study engagement and entrepreneurship competence: Insights from job demands-resources theory

Building on the job demands-resources theory, this study aims to investigate how characteristics of entrepreneurship programs foster students’ study engagement and entrepreneurship competence. Longitudinal data were collected at three time points. A total of 154 Dutch students completed a questionnaire before, halfway, and at the end of an entrepreneurship program. The results of structural equation modelling demonstrated that program demands, such as a challenging learning environment and clear goals and standards, positively related to study engagement. In turn, study engagement was associated with entrepreneurship competence among students. Teacher-student relationships, as program resources, positively related to study engagement. However, the impact of student-student relationships on study engagement was not significant when compared to teacher-student relationships. This study contributes to entrepreneurship education research by providing empirical insights into the relationships between challenge demands, program resources, study engagement, and subsequent entrepreneurship competence. The findings also have practical implications for enhancing teaching effectiveness of entrepreneurship programs.

Longitudinal associations among student-student relationship, moral disengagement, and adolescents' bullying perpetration.

Adolescents with negative student-student relationships are at increased risk for bullying perpetration. Moral disengagement has been well documented as one of the main examined predictive variables of bullying perpetration. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of moral disengagement in the association between student-student relationship and adolescents' bullying perpetration. The present study examined the bidirectional associations among student-student relationship, moral disengagement, and bullying perpetration. Moreover, the present study tested the longitudinal mediating effect of moral disengagement and the moderating effect of gender. Participants were 2,407 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.75, SD = .58 at baseline). The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) revealed that prior student-student relationship was associated with later bullying perpetration (βT1→T2 = -.11 and βT2→T3 = -.12), prior student-student relationship was associated with later moral disengagement (βT1→T2 = -.15 and βT2→T3 = -.10), and prior moral disengagement was associated with later bullying perpetration (βT1→T2 = .22 and βT2→T3 = .10). Furthermore, moral disengagement at Time 2 significantly mediated the association between student-student relationship at Time 1 and bullying perpetration at Time 3 (β = -.015). Gender moderated the mediating effect of moral disengagement. These findings highlight the importance of student-student relationship and moral disengagement in antibullying intervention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Student reactions to online learning and online teaching tools used in a Business English course during the Covid-19 pandemic

In this paper, we are presenting the results of a quantitative survey on online learning carried out in the academic year 2021/22 among 185 first-year students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb. The classes were taught synchronously, with an emphasis on in-class student participation and regular submission of assignments. The online tools were part of the Google Classroom LMS.
 The survey concerned students’ reactions to online learning in a Business English class over the course of 20 weeks. It consisted of two parts: one administered at the point of entry into the program, the other at the end of online teaching, when Covid-19 restrictions were lifted. The survey contained questions regarding 4 main areas: general information about students, general preferences about online learning, motivation and self-discipline questions, and opinions about online tools and activities.
 Analysing the differences between the two polls, we were able to identify changes in students’ preferences and attitudes after the 20 weeks of online classes. The article reflects on these changes and their implications for motivation, students’ adjustment to online classes, student-student relationships versus student-instructor relationships and students’ expectations towards professors in online classes. The article also discusses students' reactions to specific online activities used at the university.
 Although it is obvious that students greatly preferred in-person classes, and online activities failed to boost their motivation and self-discipline, the conclusions drawn from the two surveys can point towards a better understanding of the suitability of online teaching for younger university students.

Perceived Economic Stress and Adolescents’ Bullying Victimization: The Roles of Self-Esteem and Student-Student Relationships

In the present study, we sought to examine the relationship between perceived economic stress and adolescents’ bullying victimization and extended previous literature by examining the mediating effect of self-esteem as well as the moderating effects of student-student relationships and gender in this association. The research hypotheses were tested among 2407 adolescents from China ( M age = 12.75 years, SD = 0.58) with a moderated mediation model. Results indicated that adolescents with high perceived economic stress were more likely to be bullied. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization. Furthermore, student-student relationships moderated the relationship between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization and the relationship between perceived economic stress and self-esteem. Gender did not moderate the direct and indirect relationships between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization. These findings have potential applications for reducing the risk of bullying victimization and promoting positive development for adolescents.

Identification of Benefits of Participating in Content Mastery Services at SMPN 37 Muaro Jambi

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to identify the benefits of participating in content mastery services in terms of attitudes and study habits, learning techniques/learning methods, and educational planning. Content mastery services in junior high schools are core activities supporting the implementation of the content mastery service process.
 Methodology: The population in this study were all students at SMP Negeri 37 Muaro Jambi with a total of 38 students. This research is a population research because all members of the population are the research samples. Data in this study were collected through a questionnaire with a dichotomous scale and processed using a percentage formula.
 Main Findings: The results of the study showed that (1) Identification of the benefits of participating in content mastery services related to attitudes and study habits at SMP Negeri 37 Muaro Jambi was at good quality (76.9%) meaning that attitudes and study habits were good. (2) Identification of the benefits of participating in content mastery services for indicators of learning techniques / learning methods at SMP Negeri 37 Muaro Jambi that are related to being of good quality (75.6%) meaning that learning techniques / learning methods are good, and (3) Identification of the benefits of participating in services mastery of the related educational planning indicator content at SMP Negeri 37 Muaro Jambi is of good quality (81%) meaning that planning for education is good. The implications of the research results for guidance and counseling services can be carried out in the following steps: (1) Help develop a classroom atmosphere, teacher-student relationships and student-student relationships that support the implementation of guidance and counseling. (2) Providing opportunities and facilities for students who need guidance and counseling services/activities to participate/undergo the intended services/activities. (3) Participate in special activities for handling student problems, such as case conferences, and (4) Assist in gathering information in the context of evaluating guidance and counseling services and follow-up efforts.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Knowing the benefits of participating in content mastery services in terms of attitudes and study habits, learning techniques/learning methods, and educational planning.

Relationships and psychosocial aspects in inclusive secondary schools in Germany

ABSTRACT This study examines how the proportion of students with special educational needs (SEN) in class and their individual victimisation experiences may affect student-student and student-teacher relationships, social inclusion, and emotional well-being in school. The interaction of students’ SEN status and their victimisation experiences is also investigated. The convenience sample consists of 248 students (114 female, 134 male students) from the ages of 9 to 16 years (M = 11.53, SD = 1.43) enrolled in seven secondary schools in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that a higher proportion of SEN in class was associated with lower ratings for student-teacher relationships, and that victimisation experiences were a significant predictor for student-student relationships and for social inclusion. Individual SEN status was related to lower ratings of social inclusion. Probing the interaction of SEN status and victimisation experiences on emotional well-being revealed non-significant simple slopes irrespective of SEN status. The corresponding statistical models yielded low to moderate variance explanations, indicating that the proportion of SEN in class, victimisation experiences, and individual SEN status may play a role in mental health related psychosocial outcome variables.

The Role of Mediation in a Teacher’s Work

This article deals with the use of mediation in the educational space of the teacher's work. It discusses the essence of mediation and the contemporary transformations and difficulties that are taking place in school institutions, directly related to the person of the teacher. The quintessence of the considerations is the presentation of mediation in the context of challenges for the teacher, as an alternative method to improve dialogue and alleviate emerging conflicts and misunderstandings especially in teacher-student, teacher-parent, and student-student relations.

Understanding and motivating student feedback seeking: Insights from a lean startup based entrepreneurship program

Understanding and motivating students' feedback seeking behavior is essential for the success of lean startup based entrepreneurship programs. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how cost-value perceptions and student social capital influence feedback seeking behavior and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as the outcome. Longitudinal data were collected from 289 Dutch students who completed a questionnaire at the beginning, middle, and end of an experiential entrepreneurship program that employed the lean startup method. Results showed that students who valued the feedback and perceived supportive student-student relationships sought feedback more frequently, which subsequently, increased entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Neither perceived costs of feedback seeking, such as the risk of feeling embarrassed and investment of time and energy, nor supportive teacher-student relationships related to feedback seeking frequency. We expected that students' relationships with teachers and peers would moderate the relationship between perceived feedback seeking cost and feedback seeking frequency. Results confirmed that cost of feedback seeking only negatively related to feedback seeking frequency when students perceived poor student-student relationships. The findings contribute to a better understanding of student feedback seeking and effective lean startup based experiential programs.

How entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students' study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal study

Applying the job demands-resources and regulatory focus theory to the educational context, this study investigated how entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students' study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions. Longitudinal data were collected among 154 Dutch students, who completed a questionnaire before, halfway, and at the end of an entrepreneurship program. Results showed that program resources (teacher-student and student-student relationships) positively related to study engagement, which subsequently, increased entrepreneurial career intentions. Challenge demands (a challenging learning environment) did not relate to study engagement over and above program resources. Promotion focus related to high and prevention focus related to low study engagement. We expected that promotion focus would boost and prevention focus would attenuate the positive impact of program characteristics. Results however showed that both a promotion and a prevention focus boost the impact of student-student relationships on study engagement. Prevention focus attenuated the impact of teacher-student relationships on study engagement. The findings can be used to improve entrepreneurship programs and educational pedagogy.

Medical education during the coronavirus disease pandemic and students’ mental health: A one-year follow-up

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected medical education and psychosomatic health of medical students. In this follow-up study, conducted 1 year after the transition to online learning (OL), we aimed to investigate changes in student mental health and identify factors associated with academic burnout and changes in medical education caused by the pandemic.Materials and methodsThis study compares the burnout rate and psychosomatic status (depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms) of medical students at Astana Medical University using an online questionnaire-based repeated cross-section design of the pre-pandemic period (September–November 2019), the initial period of the pandemic (April 2020), and the current study (March 9–30, 2021). In the pre-pandemic period, students studied only in a face-to-face format. Moreover, the current study (March, 2021) analyzed factors associated with academic burnout and changes in medical education caused by the pandemic. Statistical methods included mean comparison, frequency, and regression analysis.ResultsData from a representative sample of undergraduate students were analyzed (n = 975, 58% of them participated in the previous study). The burnout rate was found to be lower compared with the period of traditional education (pre-COVID-19) and did not significantly differ from the initial period of the introduction of online learning (the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic). The levels and prevalence of depression and anxiety also showed similar patterns. The prevalence of somatic symptoms has increased compared to the initial period of the pandemic, although it has not reached the level obtained in the pre-COVID-19 period. The negative changes caused by OL in medical education and learning effectiveness have been associated with burnout. Factors associated with burnout, learning effectiveness, dissatisfaction with the quality of OL organization, and deterioration of medical education have been identified.ConclusionThe medical education and mental health of medical students has undoubtedly undergone changes in the transition to OL due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as changing the content of education, the organization of the educational process and support from the school, the nature of student-teacher, student-school and student-student relationships, the possibility of mastering various skills and financial problems caused by the pandemic, played a significant role in the academic life of students. The results obtained have potential applications in organizing and improving the quality of continuing medical education in an era of global healthcare crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Primary School Students’ Perceptions of Class Environment and Their Attitudes towards Inclusive Education in China

ABSTRACT This study mainly investigates the relationship between class environment and attitudes towards inclusive education (IE) in China, with consideration of the impact of relevant background factors including grade, experiences of disability, academic level, area (rural vs. urban), family socio-economic status (SES), being a student leader and gender. A sample of primary school students (N = 1158) was recruited to complete a questionnaire with four scales to respectively measure students’ perceptions of attitude towards inclusive education, their class environments, academic achievement level, and family SES, with a set of single-measure questions regarding other background variables. Results revealed that students who perceived class environments with better student-student relationships, better teacher-student relationships, and better discipline and order had more positive attitudes towards IE. The association between the other two class environment variables (competition and learning burden) and attitude towards IE were not significant. Students who self-reported as having disabilities held more positive attitudes towards IE than their peers. Among the background factors examined in this study, only the effect of gender on students’ attitudes towards IE is significant. Last, this study also made discussion on constructing inclusive classrooms or communities for China.

Attitude and social context in MALL classes: A view from midwifery learners

Previous studies on learning technology have focused on attitudinal dimensions and social aspects restricted to the general purpose of language classes. This obviously provides prospects for further investigation, particularly for adult learners with specific goals. Based on this rationale, this study seeks to examine the impact of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on the attitudes and social level of the learner perspective in a Midwifery classroom. This study also explores the level of significance impact and hypothetical correlation that occurs between attitudes and social contexts. This study employs attitude questionnaires (personal, learning environment, and behavioral) and social context questionnaires (student-student relationships, formal student-instructor relationships, informal student-instructor relationships, and students as instructors). By obtaining 310 respondents who have participated in the MALL program in the Midwifery class, the data have been analyzed using the Paired Sample T-test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (SPSS version 25 is utilized). The results show that the learners’ attitude and their level of social context achieved significant changes after the MALL class. However, the correlation between attitude and social level revealed a low correlation. However, several sub-factors in both aspects are incredibly and strongly correlated, especially in the aspects of anxiety, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and usefulness affecting aspects of both formal and informal student-instructor relationships. Suggestions are welcomed for further correlation tests at the sub-factor level on diverse subjects (different gender and field studies). Keywords: Attitude, social context, MALL, Midwifery Class;

Virtual worlds in distance learning

<span lang="EN-US">Virtual worlds are considered an additional proposal within the e-learning model. Online platforms have not been enough resources to be successful in the teaching and learning processes, therefore, it is necessary to search more options that contribute to their improvement. Virtual worlds, through inverse and visual experiences for the student, offer new panoramas that allow living situations and solving problems in different areas, such as mathematics. This article analyzes the opinion of higher-level students regarding the use of virtual worlds in their distance classes. Likewise, the virtual worlds provide help in improving teacher-student and student-student relationships. Some cases of educational institutions that integrated the use of virtual worlds into their classes are shown. A Likert-type scale questionnaire has been applied to a sample of 65 higher-level students. Its reliability was validated by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson's. It was found that students consider that the use of virtual worlds would improve class work and relationships between their peers and their teachers. It is remarkably undoubted that virtual worlds within education path are considered an excellent tool for e-learning. However, although the interest on the part of students is high, it is necessary to carry out more researching and developing procedures on the virtual worlds as an alternative to support learning. </span>

The Role of Homeroom Teacher in Guidance and Counseling Services at School

The homeroom teacher has a greater daily intensity contact with students than the counselor teacher. The study aimed to describe the homeroom teacher role in Guidance and Counseling services at school. This research used descriptive quantitative research method. The subjects in this study were 24 homeroom teachers at Junior High School 25 Padang in the 2021/2022 school year. The data were collected by questionnaires on the homeroom teacher role in Guidance and Counseling services at the school. The result showed that the role of the homeroom teacher in Guidance and Counseling services in schools as a whole was in the high category which broken down into eight aspects: 1) Helping counselor teacher carried out their duties, was in the high category. 2) Helping counselor teacher identified students who needed BK services, was in the high category. 3) Transferring students who needed counseling services from counselor teacher, was in the high category. 4) Accepting the transferred students from counselor teacher who required special training services such as enrichment, was in the high category. 5) Helping in developing a classroom atmosphere; teacher-student relationships, and student-student relationships that supported the implementation of counseling services, was in the high category. 6) Helping in providing opportunities and convenience to students who needed counseling services, was in the high category. 7) Participating in counseling activities, especially in handling student problem such as case conferences, this was in the high category. 8) Assisting in collecting the information needed in the context of evaluating counseling services as a follow-up effort, was in the very high category. Based on the results of this study, the suggested services that can be provided to increase the role of the homeroom teacher in the implementation of Guidance and Counseling were information services that mastering individual counseling content and services.

The link between school climate and mental health among an ethnically diverse sample of middle school youth.

School climate consistently relates to adolescent adjustment across academic, socioemotional, and behavioral domains. Although past research highlights the impact of school climate on youths’ experience of internalizing symptoms and violent behavior, examination of potential links with specific externalizing processes is limited. The current study examined associations between middle school students’ perceived school climate and internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms. A positive school climate was hypothesized to be inversely related to all mental health measures. Seventh grade students (N = 2768; 50% female) were recruited from 24 Texas middle schools. Participants completed baseline self-reports of perceived school climate across three dimensions (student-student relationships, student-teacher relationships, and awareness/need of reporting violence) as well as self-reports of internalizing (i.e., depression and anxiety) and externalizing (i.e., impulsivity and hostility) symptoms. Multilevel regression analyses were implemented to test all hypotheses, controlling for participant sex and race/ethnicity. Results indicated student-student relationships were negatively related to depressive symptoms, student-teacher relationships were positively related to anxiety and negatively linked to hostility, and help-seeking/reporting awareness was inversely related to all four indices of mental health. The current research underscores the impact of school climate on adolescents’ psychological adjustment and emphasizes the need to address awareness and responsivity in reporting concerning school behavior.

On the Relation between School Alienation and Social School Climate

In recent years, scholars have referred to school alienation as a severe problem that affects the socio-emotional and cognitive development of students. In this study, the authors examined how the relationships with teachers and classmates are associated with students’ state of alienation from learning, from teachers, and from classmates, applying a cross-sectional research design. Participants included 543 Grade 7 students from the Swiss canton of Bern who took part in the binational research project “School Alienation in Switzerland and Luxembourg (SASAL, 2015-2019)”. Results of correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that the student-teacher and student-student relationships were associated with alienation from school.

‘The whole truth’: student perspectives on how Canadian teachers should teach about gender-based violence

ABSTRACT This article centres on students’ experiences and recommendations regarding how Canadian secondary schools can enhance the critical consciousness of young people about gender-based violence (GBV). We describe findings from three participatory art-based workshops with adolescents in Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. When asked what they wanted teachers to know when teaching about GBV issues, participants expressed the importance of strong teacher-student and student-student relationships, approaching GBV education in ways that addresses its scope, root causes, and impact on survivors, imparting practical knowledge for GBV prevention, response, and resistance, and providing students opportunities for agency and leadership. Findings were situated within a feminist intersectional lens and indicated that adolescent girls continue to live with GBV, experiencing harassment, discrimination, and discomfort and that, for Indigenous girls, experiences of GBV were compounded by racist and colonial violence experienced in and out of school. These experiences of violence contradicted the safe and caring learning environments that participants called for.

Upper Secondary Teachers’ Experiences Promoting Belonging and Engagement in Culturally Diverse Classrooms

The aim of this study was to investigate upper secondary teachers’ experiences of promoting belonging and engagement in culturally diverse classrooms. The selected teachers in this study were employed in two upper secondary schools and had substantial experience in teaching in culturally diverse classes. They participated in focus group interviews to discuss their experiences. The interview topics were relationships in class, academic and social learning, discrimination and victimisation, academic resources and expectations, adaptation and support in learning activities. The interview data were transcribed, analysed and discussed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that the interviewed teachers considered 1) teacher-student relationships, 2) acceptance of diversity and student-student relationships, and 3) participation in learning activities to be important aspects of students’ belonging and engagement. Moreover, the findings indicated challenges in creating stable relationships to promote cross-cultural friend­ships. Based on these findings, teachers need more strategies to develop cross-cultural friendships. Furthermore, teachers need to know how and when to intervene in situations of exclusion or segregation. For the prevention of exclusion and segregation, it is important to further develop knowledge of how to promote belonging and engagement among culturally diverse student groups.