Student Health Service Research Articles

How COVID-19 pandemic and Ukrainian crisis shaped mental health services for medical students in Poland?

The mental health of medical students is a crucial concern in contemporary medical education. This manuscript reports the availability and shape of psychological support for medical students in Poland in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian crisis. A survey comprising 10 questions was distributed to 22 medical schools in Poland, with a 59% response rate. The findings reveal that psychological support programs are predominantly managed by internal university units. Funding sources vary, with some universities utilizing internal budgets and others leveraging European funds or external projects. The support modalities are primarily hybrid, catering to student preferences. Limitations exist in the number of consultations, although some universities provide extended support based on student needs. Assistance is offered in multiple languages, with additional programs like stress-reduction workshops and mindfulness training being available in several universities. A notable increase in demand for psychological support post-COVID-19 was reported, with some universities establishing their programs during or after the pandemic. The commentary highlights the rising need for mental health services among medical students and underscores the importance of flexible, inclusive, and well-funded support. The effective functioning of these programs aligns with the broader objective of fostering a resilient and emotionally balanced healthcare workforce.

The relationship between stress, anxiety and eating behavior among Chinese students: a cross-sectional study.

The expansion of higher education and the growing number of college students have led to increased awareness of mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and eating disorders. In China, the educational system and cultural expectations contribute to the stress experienced by college students. This study aims to clarify the role of anxiety as a mediator in the relationship between stress and eating behaviors among Chinese college students. This study utilized data from the 2021 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents, which included 1,672 college students under the age of 25. The analysis methods comprised descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlation analyses, and mediation effect analysis. The findings indicate that Chinese college students experience high levels of stress, with long-term stress slightly exceeding short-term stress. Both types of stress were positively correlated with increased anxiety and the adoption of unhealthy eating behaviors. Anxiety was identified as a significant mediator, accounting for 28.3% of the relationship between long-term stress and eating behavior (95% CI = 0.058-0.183). The mediation effect of short-term stress on eating behavior through anxiety was also significant, explaining 61.4% of the total effect (95% CI = 0.185-0.327). The study underscores the importance of stress management and mental health services for college students. It recommends a comprehensive approach to reducing external pressures, managing anxiety, and promoting healthy eating behaviors among college students. Suggestions include expanding employment opportunities, providing career guidance, enhancing campus and societal support for holistic development, strengthening mental health services, leveraging artificial intelligence technologies, educating on healthy lifestyles, and implementing targeted health promotion programs.

Guardians of health: School nurses and their leadership roles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in education<sup></sup>

This study investigated school health nurses’ critical role and importance in managing infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has had negative impacts on schools and educational institutions. In light of these impacts, the assistance of school health nurses in overcoming difficulties in accessing health services for students and their families was examined globally. The study aimed to explore the status of school nursing practices in various countries in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, assess the situation in Turkey, and examine how these nurses contribute to health management in educational settings. To identify pertinent literature, relevant publications were reviewed using key terms such as ‘school nursing,’ ‘infectious disease management,’ ‘COVID-19,’ ‘safe school,’ and ‘public health’. The search focused on studies analysing the role of school health nurses during the pandemic. Sources included academic databases, public health reports, and public health organisation publications. Due to the lack of precise data on the employment of school health nurses in Turkey, specific information on their role during the pandemic could not be found. However, the relevant literature was comprehensively reviewed, and the study analysed global publications highlighting the critical role of school nurses in managing infectious diseases in educational settings. The study highlights that school health nurses play significant roles in preventing and controlling communicable diseases and contribute notably to health education for students and staff during the pandemic. School health nurses protect children and adolescents’ physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being. Findings suggest that structural changes in health and education systems are needed to enhance the effectiveness of school nurses. This study underscores the critical importance of school health nurses in pandemic management and public health protection. Strengthening their role is vital for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in schools and ensuring the well-being of students. Recommendations include increasing the employment of school health nurses, improving their professional development, and integrating their expertise into pandemic management strategies.

Gender-stratified analysis of psychosocial factors and physical function in higher education students with musculoskeletal pain

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of psychosocial factors in higher education students with musculoskeletal pain and whether these factors are associated with physical function. Materials and methods Participants were higher education students with musculoskeletal pain. The data were collected using questionnaires: the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, the Short Form of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ-SF) and the Mental Health Index (MHI-5). The associations were analysed using a generalised linear model, adjusted for the region of Finnish Student Health Service in Finland, age, level of education and field of study. Results A total of 242 women and 104 men (N = 346, mean age 28 ± 8 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of psychosocial factors varied from 16% to 25% among women and 14% to 18% among men, depending on the measurement tool used. Psychosocial factors were associated with lower physical function in women (p = .011) and men (p < .001) when measured with ÖMPSQ-SF, but not with MHI-5. Conclusions Psychosocial factors are prevalent among higher education students experiencing musculoskeletal pain. Furthermore, psychosocial factors exhibit an association with lower physical function when assessed using the ÖMPSQ-SF but not when using the MHI-5. These findings emphasise the importance of addressing psychosocial factors through screening in direct access physiotherapy.

A Golden Perspective: The Evolution of an Exercise Is Medicine On Campus Program

This narrative review will explore the evolution of the Exercise is Medicine on Campus (EIM-OC) initiative, in general, while focusing specifically on the EIM-OC program at a gold-level recognized university through three main research questions. Established in 2016, this referral-based program offers a physical activity assessment and promotion element that incorporates yearly EIM-OC-supported events aimed at positively affecting academics, retention, and other related markers of individual participants. Interdisciplinary and cross-campus partnerships support this program with referral pathways, wellness event collaborations, participant interventions, and financial support. This EIM-OC program seeks to expand beyond student health services and other entry areas toward a self-referral model supported by trained mentors. The EIM-OC program supports the educational and professional development of individuals training to be health professionals while inspiring participants to consider a positive view of aging through movement as a healthy, normal part of life.

Analysis the Healthy School Campaign in Indonesia: A Health Policy Triangle Approach

The School Health Program policy was initiated by the Indonesian government in 2014. However, by 2021, student health service coverage was still suboptimal. The Healthy Schools Campaign Program was introduced in 2022 as an alternative policy to revitalize the School Health Programme. The study aimed to analyze the Healthy School Campaign Program using the health policy triangle framework, which includes actors, content, process, and context. This research uses qualitative methods with secondary data sourced from electronic document searches. The main actors in this policy involve official government institutions, supported by collaboration with non-government partners. Policy selection is based on situational, structural, cultural and international contextual factors. The program content focuses on physical health, healthy nutrition, and student immunization. The conclusion is that the selection of content is influenced by how actors identify health problems in the early stages of policy preparation. Implementation of this program requires a clear collaboration system as a reference for its implementation in educational units. Teacher and parent involvement is also very important to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of the program.

Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Program Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR) Di Sekolah Menenggah Atas

Adolescent Care Health Services (PKPR) is one of the health service programs aimed at adolescents in high schools, to realize “healthy adolescents”. The purpose of this study was to optimize the implementation of the Adolescent Care Health Services Program (PKPR) in senior high schools. The implementation method is carried out by conducting a location survey, looking for problems related to PKPR and finding solutions to these problems. The result of youth empowerment is the development of an “optimization of health services” activity plan. This community service activity was attended by all high school students, teachers responsible for student health services, and PKPR health cadres at school. By providing information about optimizing PKPR health services in high schools and conducting health training for students. It is expected that related parties will be more serious and active in implementing the PKPR program by supervising and monitoring and evaluating the PKPR program regularly and continuously and can allocate special funds to support all activities in the PKPR program.

Research on virtual entertainment robots based on machine learning algorithms providing psychological health services for college students

In modern society, college students are facing increasing psychological pressure and mental health problems. In this context, virtual entertainment robots have become a promising form of mental health services, which can utilize machine learning algorithms to provide personalized psychological support and guidance by analyzing a large amount of psychological data and user information. Study the use of sample calculation and screening methods to determine the number of samples and perform feature selection to improve algorithm performance. Then analyze the detection effect and evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm. By designing the architecture of a virtual entertainment robot and adopting anti-interference strategies to ensure that the robot can accurately recognize mental health information, text recognition technology was implemented, its effectiveness was evaluated, and further multi-source information recognition was carried out to improve recognition accuracy. Finally, a psychological health evaluation system for college students was constructed, and corresponding psychological health service strategies were proposed to meet the needs of college students. The results of this study indicate that virtual entertainment robots based on machine learning algorithms can effectively provide mental health services, providing support and guidance for the mental health problems of college students.

Healthcare use of young Finnish adults with mental disorders – profiles and profile membership determinants

BackgroundComprehensive, timely, and integrated primary care services have been proposed as a response to the increased demand for mental health and substance use services especially among young people. However, little is known about the care utilization patterns of young people with mental and substance use disorders. Our aim was to characterize profiles of care use in young Finnish adults with mental or substance use disorders, and the potential factors associated with the service use profiles.MethodsPrimary and specialized care visits of young adults (16–29 years) diagnosed with a psychiatric or a substance use disorder (n = 7714) were retrieved from the national health care register from years 2020 and 2021. K-Means clustering was used to detect different profiles based on the utilization of care services. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with different profiles of care use.ResultsFive different profiles were identified: low care use (75%), and use of principally primary health care (11%), student health services (9%), psychiatric services (5%), or substance use services (1%). Female gender was associated with membership in the primary health care focused profiles (OR 2.58 and OR 1.99), and patients in the primary health care and student health services profiles were associated with a better continuity of care (OR 1.04 and OR 1.05). Substance use disorders were associated with psychiatric service use (OR: 2.51) and substance use services (OR: 58.91). Living in smaller municipalities was associated with lower service use when comparing to the largest city.ConclusionsYoung adults diagnosed with a psychiatric or a substance use disorder had remarkably different and heterogeneous care patterns. Most of the participants had low care utilization, indicating potential gaps in service use and care needs. Measures should be taken to ensure equal access to and availability of mental health services. The profiles that utilized the most services highlights the importance of integrated services and patient-oriented improvement of treatment.

Developing a minimum data standard for student mental health services in the UK: A qualitative study with staff from university support services

AbstractObjectiveThis study is part of the Student Counselling Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SCORE) initiative that is pooling university counselling service data to improve datasets and evidence for counselling in this sector. This study aimed to explore university counselling staff views about which data should be included in a national minimum data standard (MDS) to provide evidence for counselling in the sector.MethodSemi‐structured focus groups were conducted with university counselling staff including counsellors, service leaders and mental health advisors. They explored data to include in an MDS, current data collection practices, service and sector level data collection barriers. Two researchers performed content analysis involving identifying fields for inclusion. Thematic analysis was used to identify contextual issues surrounding data collection. Ten focus groups were conducted with 41 participants across 26 university counselling services.ResultsContent analysis identified fields of information for the MDS within the categories of student characteristics, demographics, clinical assessment and service evaluation. Thematic analysis explored context and culture surrounding data collection, barriers and facilitators, institutional influence and ideal data collection practices. This highlights the need for service support and training around data collection, clear processes, and adequate IT infrastructure and staff resources.DiscussionThese findings will inform the development of an MDS as part of the SCORE study. The next stage will involve further development of the MDS and piloting in services. The longer term aim is to implement an MDS across university counselling services, enabling the growth of evidence for the sector which may allow increased funding and service provision.

Improving Student Lifestyles through Health Quality Assurance

This paper describes the quality assurance of health in improving the healthy lifestyle of students in Islamic boarding schools, highlighting its impact on students' comfort in learning. The research was conducted at the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants comprised health sector consultants, health division coordinators, and students selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis followed the Milles and Huberman framework, involving data presentation, reduction, and conclusion. The results indicate that the quality of health services at Nurul Jadid is well-assured, evidenced by the numerous health service programs provided by the Health Division. This research is expected to offer contributions and benefits, including (1) an assessment of the extent to which Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School has improved student health, (2) evaluation materials for the health service coordinator, and (3) considerations on the importance of enhancing health services for students.

Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Mata Berbasis Web untuk Memfasilitasi Pemeriksaan Mata pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The increased use of gadgets among children has led to a significant rise in cases of myopia among elementary school students. This study aims to design and develop a web-based Eye Health Information System to facilitate eye examinations for elementary school students. The development method used in this study is the waterfall model, which includes the stages of requirement analysis, design, coding, testing, and system implementation. The results of the study show that the developed information system provides essential features such as appointment scheduling with eye doctors, access to educational videos, and online consultations, all designed to raise awareness and improve access to eye health services for students. System testing demonstrates that all features function as expected, with a user-friendly and responsive interface. In conclusion, this system is expected to be an effective tool in supporting eye health examinations and improving the quality of health services for elementary school students.

Addressing inequalities in accessing mental health services for Muslim university students in the United Kingdom: implications for attainment and wellbeing

ABSTRACT Muslim communities continue to experience inequalities with the United Kingdom (UK) mental health system, despite major government policy initiatives to support wider BAME people. Within higher education, Muslim students consistently face barriers in terms of accessing culturally appropriate services including a lack of cultural understanding, communication issues, and where and how to seek help. This paper attempts to address the problems facing Muslims with regard to accessing mental health services at university. Importantly, this paper highlights that barriers to accessing mental health support for Muslims directly impact upon attainment outcomes and psychological wellbeing. An exploratory qualitative research design utilising focus groups with 18 Muslim undergraduate students examined the impact of negotiating religious inequality and discrimination at university and its effect on mental health. The key findings presented point towards differential healthcare outcomes for Muslim university students experiencing mental illness, suggesting that Muslim students experience overt discrimination and a lack of access to culturally appropriate services that are cognisant of the racialised plights faced by Muslim individuals. Conclusions and recommendations provided advocate greater diversification of mental health support systems for Muslim students and consider how existing systems can function to dismantle racial and religious inequality within the mental health care.

Association between Current Substance Use, Healthy Behaviors, and Depression among Ukrainian College Students.

Depression is a pervasive issue among college students worldwide, yet there is a significant gap in the literature regarding its prevalence and coping strategies in the Ukrainian context. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating how substance use and health-promoting behaviors relate to depressive symptoms among Ukrainian college students. Health-promoting behaviors are an important strategy to prevent depression, whereas substance use can contribute to depression or make it harder to manage. Given the substantial psychosocial problems and stressors related to the ongoing war in Ukraine and the limited availability of mental health services for college students, it is important to understand how we can encourage college students to keep themselves mentally healthy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students on 10 campuses in 2018. Almost 16% of participants met a cut-off for depression. Female students and those who were older reported significantly higher depressive symptoms. Participants were more likely to report depressive symptoms if they were more often involved with alcohol and cannabis use, were older, and engaged in fewer health-promoting behaviors. Tobacco use was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest a moderate prevalence of depressive symptoms in our study population. We recommend implementing balanced public health interventions that address risk factors (such as substance use) while also promoting protective behaviors and can be tailored to the specific cultural and environmental context of the region.

Teaching stress reduction techniques including biofeedback for managing stress in medical students

IntroductionMedical students have been under immense pressure throughout their studies, impacting their mental health and academic performance. Stress reduction is a fundamental skill that all students require to manage their studies and lives efficiently. Biofeedback devices providing information about physiological states have been shown to aid stress reduction. Methods to reduce stress should be taught to medical students to help them tackle the challenges of medical school.ObjectivesOur goal was to teach stress reduction methods such as extracurricular activities and paced breathing aided by biofeedback training and its application in simulated healthcare situations to medical students.Methods15 medical students who completed medical physiology were recruited for an elective course of 7 sessions on practical techniques in stress management. One credit was offered to those who completed the course requirements consisting of participation in sessions and individual biofeedback training. Sessions (classes) consisted of presentations on good sleeping and eating patterns, group simulations of stressful hospital environments, visiting a science centre with interactive displays, an orchestra performance, and nature walks. Before biofeedback training, heart and respiration rates were taken individually by a biofeedback device during the first week of the course. Data was processed using a code created in statistical software. Heartbeats per minute and heart rate variability (HRV) for every 10 seconds were calculated and plotted on a graph. Two measurements were taken with each student: a baseline measurement for 10 minutes and another measurement during controlled breathing paced at 6 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, of which the first 10 minutes were used for calculation and plotting. Students provided narrative feedback in an essay submitted after the course was completed.Results5 males and 10 females from years 2-5 registered for the elective, and 12 participated in individually scheduled sessions. Heart beats per minute decreased, whereas HRV increased during paced breathing sessions in 83% of them. Most students reported feeling calm and drowsy during the sessions, and 2 students fell asleep by the end.Feedback from 11 students showed that the music session and the science centre visit were the highlights throughout the elective. Improvements recommended were to have a consistent time slot for all sessions and fewer simulations.Conclusions In concert with the literature, biofeedback training seems to be a feasible and effective method for relaxation in medical students. This method could be offered as part of mental health services for students. Data could be used to follow students’ progress and identify those requiring extra support. Providing them with avenues to de-stress while emphasizing activities outside medicine could boost their confidence and improve their coping skills.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Online Scan of Campus Health Resources and HPV Vaccination Information on College and University Websites in the State of Oregon.

This study is the first to report the results of a scan of the official webpages of all public and private colleges and universities in the state of Oregon, including but not limited to student health services webpages and student handbooks, to identify available services, policies, and educational information on HPV vaccination. The purpose is to describe vaccination services (with a focus on the HPV vaccine), prevention efforts, and institutional policies on vaccination on college and university websites in Oregon. An online scan was conducted from September to November 2020 to collect and describe data from college/university websites across Oregon. Colleges/universities were obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics website. The final sample included 48 colleges/universities. Twenty colleges/universities have a health center with 11 providing the HPV vaccine on campus: most are large public universities and non-religious private colleges. A few religious private universities and one community college offer the vaccine on campus. More than half (n = 26) of Oregon colleges/universities had a webpage specifically designated for immunization information, but only 11 mentioned the HPV vaccine on their immunization webpage. Twelve colleges/universities recommend, and none require the vaccine. Information on HPV vaccination services and education was limited on college/university websites, especially on community college and religious private university websites. Most colleges/universities with a student health center recommend and offer the HPV vaccine on campus. College/university websites may be a low-cost and effective medium to increase HPV vaccination awareness, encourage immunizations, and prevent HPV-associated cancers.

Student Health Services at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Predominantly Black Institutions in the United States.

Student health services are associated with improved health outcomes and academic success, particularly among under-resourced college populations. This study compared student health services at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Predominantly Black Institutions (PBIs) and identified factors associated with the availability of comprehensive health services (CHS). We conducted a secondary analysis of 2022 data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), the Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) Directory, and the websites of HBCUs and PBIs (n=167). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify institutional variables associated with providing CHS. Institutional variables included college type (public vs. private), MSI category (HBCU vs. PBI), undergraduate enrollment, location, and proportion of Pell grant recipients. Approximately 13% of HBCUs and 26% of PBIs offered no student health services; 65% of HBCUs and 39% of PBIs offered on-campus CHS with prescribing providers. Four-year HBCUs were five times more likely than 4-year PBIs to have CHS (p=0.014). Institutions with more Pell Grant recipients were less likely to offer CHS. Access to health care is an important social determinant of health, academic persistence, and achievement for college students. HBCUs were significantly more likely than PBIs to offer CHS. HBCUs are more likely than PBIs to have resources from federal funding, donors, and endowments that may support the development of student health centers and services. Increased funding for PBI health centers could improve access and promote health equity among the most vulnerable student populations.

Mental health services for German university students: acceptance of intervention targets and preference for delivery modes.

Most university students with mental disorders remain untreated. Evaluating the acceptance of intervention targets in mental health treatment, promotion, and prevention, as well as mental health service delivery modes is crucial for reducing potential barriers, increasing healthcare utilization, and efficiently allocating resources in healthcare services. The study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of various intervention targets and delivery modes of mental health care services in German first-year university students. In total, 1,376 first-year students from two German universities from the 2017-2018 multi-center cross-sectional cohort of the StudiCare project, the German arm of the World Mental Health International College Student Survey initiative, completed a web-based survey assessing their mental health. Mental disorder status was based on self-reported data fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria. We report frequencies of accepted delivery modes [categories: group or in-person therapy with on or off campus services, self-help internet- or mobile-based intervention (IMI) with or without coaching, or a combination of a in-person and IMI (blended)]. In a multinomial logistic regression, we estimate correlates of the preference for in-person vs. IMI vs. a combination of both modes (blended) modalities. Additionally, we report frequencies of intervention targets (disorder specific: e.g., social phobia, depressive mood; study-related: test anxiety, procrastination; general well-being: sleep quality, resilience) their association with mental disorders and sex, and optimal combinations of treatment targets for each mental illness. German university students' acceptance is high for in-person (71%-76%), moderate for internet- and mobile-based (45%-55%), and low for group delivery modes (31%-36%). In-person treatment (72%) was preferred over IMI (19%) and blended modalities (9%). Having a mental disorder [odds ratio (OR): 1.56], believing that digital treatments are effective (OR: 3.2), and showing no intention to use services (OR: 2.8) were associated with a preference for IMI compared to in-person modes. Students with prior treatment experience preferred in-person modes (OR: 0.46). In general, treatment targets acceptance was higher among female students and students with mental disorders. However, this was not true for targets with the highest (i.e., procrastination) and the lowest (i.e., substance-use disorder) acceptance. If only two intervention targets were offered, a combination of study-related targets (i.e., procrastination, stress, time management) would reach 85%-88% of the students. In-person services are preferred, yet half of the students consider using IMI, preferably aiming for a combination of at least two study-related intervention targets. Student mental health care services should offer a combination of accepted targets in different delivery modes to maximize service utilization.

Trends and Challenges in the Mental Health of University Students with Disabilities: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review examines mental health in university students with disabilities, focusing on increasing prevalence and associated challenges. Following the PRISMA protocol for study selection and analysis, it aims to analyze problem prevalence and risk factors, explore support strategies and available resources, and identify gaps and areas for improvement in care and access to mental health services for disabled university students. This review includes 16 articles that met the established criteria. The findings reveal higher mental health issue prevalence in these students compared to non-disabled peers, highlighting the need for specific, tailored interventions. Improvement areas in general inclusion measures to prevent high-risk situations and intervention responses to discomfort and existing mental health problems are discussed. The importance of a holistic approach to ensure their overall well-being and academic success in an inclusive educational environment is emphasized.

Review on the screening of urine glucose for early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in school children and adolescents with obesity in Hong Kong.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are growing health concerns. Since 2005, Student Health Service (SHS) and Hong Kong Paediatric Society formulated a protocol on urine glucose screening (UGS) for early diagnosis of T2DM in students with obesity in Hong Kong. This study reviews students with T2DM captured by this screening program and compare the data with the Hong Kong Children Diabetes Registry (HKCDR) database, to see if the UGS program facilitates early diagnosis of T2DM. Students between the ages of 10-18 years old with age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) >97th percentile who attended SHS between the school years from 2005/06 to 2017/18 were recruited for UGS. Those tested positive for random urine glucose underwent diagnostic testing for T2DM according to ADA guidelines. Demographic data and investigatory results from UGS and HKCDR within the same time period were compared. A total of 216,526 students completed UGS in the said period; 415 (0.19 %) students were tested positive for urine glucose of which 121 students were diagnosed with T2DM. UGS picked up 23 % of the newly diagnosed T2DM cases. When compared to the HKCDR database, students diagnosed via UGS were significantly younger, less obese, and had fewer diabetic related complications. The negative predictive value of UGS is high and can effectively rule out T2DM. Urine glucose screening is an inexpensive and simple test that allows for early diagnosis of T2DM among obese school students. Other methods including POCT HbA1c can be explored to improve program effectiveness.