Stuck In Place Research Articles

Prediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s disease based on multi-channel time-series neural network

Freezing of Gait (FOG) is a noticeable symptom of Parkinson’s disease, like being stuck in place and increasing the risk of falls. The wearable multi-channel sensor system is an efficient method to predict and monitor the FOG, thus warning the wearer to avoid falls and improving the quality of life. However, the existing approaches for the prediction of FOG mainly focus on a single sensor system and cannot handle the interference between multi-channel wearable sensors. Hence, we propose a novel multi-channel time-series neural network (MCT-Net) approach to merge multi-channel gait features into a comprehensive prediction framework, alerting patients to FOG symptoms in advance. Owing to the causal distributed convolution, MCT-Net is a real-time method available to give optimal prediction earlier and implemented in remote devices. Moreover, intra-channel and inter-channel transformers of MCT-Net extract and integrate different sensor position features into a unified deep learning model. Compared with four other state-of-the-art FOG prediction baselines, the proposed MCT-Net obtains 96.21% in accuracy and 80.46% in F1-score on average 2 s before FOG occurrence, demonstrating the superiority of MCT-Net.

Legal Analysis of Serious Human Rights Violations Resolution in Indonesia (Semanggi I Case)

Many cases of serious human rights violations in Indonesia have yet to be resolved completely. Every change in the presidency and vice presidency, issues regarding serious human rights violations are always brought up, especially the Semanggi I case; however, until now, there has been no concrete resolution undertaken by the government. This research will discuss the issue using a normative juridical research method. The research concludes that the resolution of the Semanggi I case as a serious human rights violation, although designed through a National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM) investigation team (KKR), the resolution process has not been completed and can be seen as "stuck in place".

“Broken Home”: (De)constructing the Moral Standards of Mobility for Atlanta’s Early Black Public Housing Families

The public housing program was designed as a stepping-stone into upward socioeconomic mobility when the first developments were constructed for White and Black households in the 1930s. White residents were able to save and move into private housing with greater speed than Black residents, who faced both external and internal constraints on their socioeconomic status. As a result of this decreased mobility, scholars and policymakers soon associated public housing developments with impoverished Black containment, categorizing it as the home of the underclass and those who are stuck in place. This article employs a Du Boisian approach to understand the categorical differences and political economic conditions shaping mobility rates among Atlanta’s early Black public housing families. Using historical documents and approximately 40 years of administrative data collected from the first Black public housing development in Atlanta, Georgia by housing managers, Du Bois, and a group of research assistants from Atlanta University, this article examines how internal and external constraints shaped Black tenant mobility. It demonstrates how housing administrators and their actions shaped eviction rates—and by default, public housing’s ability to advance Black tenant mobility—through elite housing managers’ moral judgments of impoverished Black families.

“You’re Really Stuck”: Housing Strategies and Compromises in the San Francisco Bay Area

Over the past decade, housing prices in many regions of the United States have increased precipitously. This is especially true in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region that has experienced an influx of highly paid tech workers and a tightening of the housing market. Against this backdrop, this article examines the strategies and compromises that a racially and socioeconomically diverse group of Bay Area residents use to maintain housing. Drawing on survey and interview data, the article finds that both homeowners and nonhomeowners described feeling “stuck in place” as prices rose around them. Yet nonhomeowners made greater compromises to maintain housing, including (1) living in structurally inadequate housing; (2) moving in with friends and relatives; and (3) accepting legally precarious living arrangements. Although research on housing often focuses on why families move, this article reconfigures immobility as a deliberate process, documenting the trade-offs families make to keep their homes.

Residential Immobility and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Housing Quality

The research on residential mobility and residential displacement offers insight into racial and ethnic disparities in housing quality; however, scholars would benefit from contextualizing mobility and displacement within the overall housing picture. We expand the residential attainment framework by examining whether there are racial and ethnic differences in who makes residential moves and whether a higher immobility among Black and Hispanic households helps explain housing quality disparities. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we find that Black and Hispanic households are more likely to be immobile than White and Asian households. Among the immobile population, Black and Hispanic households have higher probabilities of living in lower quality housing than White households. However, we find when Black households make residential moves, they translate those moves into housing quality that is on par with White households. Hence, we suggest that residential immobility offers a key explanation for persistent trends in racial and ethnic housing quality disparities. Paired with a declining trend in residential mobility, our findings may signal a greater phenomenon of marginalized households becoming increasingly stuck in place.

Ageing in place or stuck in place: Preferred care setting for community-dwelling older persons in a low-resource country in Sub Saharan Africa.

Ageing in Place is the emerging social policy drive for long-term care coordination of older persons globally. This decision may be the only viable option in many low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. Nevertheless, the risk of older persons being 'stuck in place' is high if their preferences are not considered or other alternatives are neither acceptable nor available. This study determined factors associated with the preferred care setting among community-dwelling older persons and explored their views about their choices. The study utilised a mixed-methods approach. Participants were older persons (≥ 60 years) in a selected rural and urban community in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. Quantitative data were collected using an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Stata version 14 at p<0.05. Qualitative data collection involved 22 Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 8. Selected quotations were used to illustrate themes. 1,180 participants (588 rural vs 592 urban) were interviewed with a mean age of 73.2 ±9.3 years. More rural participants preferred to AIP (61.6%) compared to urban participants (39.2%), p = 0.001. Factors associated with the decision for rural participants were older age [OR:2.07 (95%CI:1.37-3.14)], being male [OR:2.41(95%CI:1.53-3.81)] and having assistance at home [OR:1.79 (95%CI:1.15-2.79)]. In comparison, significant factors for urban participants were older age (≥70years) [OR:1.54(95%CI:1.03-2.31)] and home-ownership [OR:5.83 (95%CI:3.82-8.91)]. The FGD revealed that the traditional expectation of reciprocity of care mostly influenced the desire to AIP. Advantages include improved social connectedness, quality of care, community participation and reduced isolation. Interestingly, participants were not opposed to the option of institutional care. Ageing in place is preferred and influenced by advanced age and home ownership in our setting. Information provided could guide age-friendly housing policies and community-based programmes for the care of older persons.

Mobility, Relationality, and the Decolonizing of Religious Studies: A Response to the Special Issue

This response to the special issue synthesizes its contributions into an argument for disaggregating mobility and modernity. Indigenous modes of physical and religious mobility put the lie to conventional constructions of indigenous peoples, including academic constructions of indigenous religions, as stuck in place and stuck in time. This special issue offers a profound critique of religious studies and of all hegemonic paradigms that associate civilization with sedentarization, movement with domination, reality with rationality, and truth with transcendence.

The Double Bind of Displacement: U.S. Sanctions, the Muslim Ban, and Experiences of Dislocation for Iranians Pursuing Higher Education in the United States

In this article, I examine the material and affective impacts of U.S. foreign policy on Iranians pursuing higher education in the United States. I argue that punitive policies against Iran have created a double bind for Iranians, in which in situ displacement becomes a defining feature of life. I first situate the concept of in situ displacement within feminist theories of displacement and geopolitics to describe the incremental loss of economic, political, and social security in daily life, while remaining in place. Second, I analyze how U.S. foreign policy toward Iran results in in situ displacement for Iranian students, including feeling stuck in place due to restrictive visas, long delays in green card processing, and fears that they cannot reenter the United States if they travel to Iran. Drawing on key informant interviews and the analysis of U.S. regulatory documents, I demonstrate how the Trump administration’s Muslim ban laid bare different modalities of violence produced through four decades of punitive policies toward Iran. My analysis of sanctions, alongside the Muslim ban, reveals a complicated patchwork of regulations that are intended to target the Iranian state, yet these policies can have devastating consequences for Iranian students. I conclude with how these cases, although diverse, offer insight into how tensions between the United States and Iran result in multiple and varied forms of displacement, from the scale of the home to the geopolitical.

Neighborhood Age Composition and Self-Rated Health: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study

ABSTRACT Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some scholarship-indicating neighborhoods with older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Combining data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study and census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, the purposes of our study were to: 1) identify the characteristics of neighborhoods experiencing different types of changes in age composition, and 2) examine the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings indicate that neighborhoods experiencing Concentration (where the number of older adults are declining but their percentage of the total population are increasing), the majority of which are in urban areas, have less aggregate economic resources, more indicators of neighborhood disorder, and less access to services and supports. Regression models also suggest older adults living in Concentration neighborhoods reported lower self-rated health compared to those living in the other three neighborhood types. Findings point to the importance of considering neighborhood age composition when targeting interventions and resources, and the potential consequences of being stuck in place in a neighborhood that does not meet elders’ needs.

Exploring rural older adult perspectives on the scope, reach and sustainability of age-friendly programs

Research into the sustainability of age-friendly initiatives is important and timely, particularly from the rather neglected perspective of older adults living in non-metropolitan (rural) environments. This paper addresses this gap by reporting on a Canadian rural community case study to understand the perspectives of older adults on the implementation and sustainability of their local age-friendly program. Findings from exploratory interviews with 10 older adults suggest that rural age-friendly initiatives may be limited in their ability to achieve larger-scale outcomes aimed at addressing broad aging issues facing rural communities. Further, our findings demonstrate that those ‘aging in place’ may continue to do so with the support of age-friendly programing, while those ‘stuck in place’ are largely unaffected by age-friendly programs. We advocate for additional in-depth examinations of rural age-friendly sustainability, including a greater emphasis on the diversity of older adult perspectives.

“So I am stuck, but it´s OK”: residential reasoning and housing decision-making of low-income older adults with disabilities in Baltimore, Maryland

ABSTRACT Housing preferences and housing decision-making in later life are critical aspects of aging in place, which is a public health priority in many Western countries. However, few studies have examined the economic, social, and health factors that guide older adults’ preferences and decisions about where to live, and even less so among older adults with low income or disabilities who may face greater barriers to aging in place. We sought to understand what housing decision-making and residential reasoning means for low-income older adult homeowners in Baltimore, Maryland. Using a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 12 older adults in June 2017 and February 2018. Our findings revealed how the strong desire to age in place turned into the realization that they had to age in place due to limited resources and options. The overarching category “shifting between wanting to age in place and having to age in place” was influenced by family needs, being a homeowner, the neighborhood, and coping at home. In conclusion, for low-income older adults with disabilities, it is important to acknowledge that sometimes aging in place may be equivalent to being stuck in place.

Employers stuck in place? Knowledge sector recruitment between regional embeddedness and internationalization

ABSTRACT Employers are of critical importance in shaping flows of workers. This paper examines how larger employers in knowledge-intensive industries tackle demand for a high-skilled workforce within their specific spatial context. The empirical material stems from a qualitative study of employers in an older industrial German city. The analysis focuses on three interrelated aspects of human resource management: experiences with shortages of high-skilled labour; scales of recruitment; and workforce diversity. It finds that the spatial setting is an important factor, yet the degree by which employers are shaped by it depends on the type of employer and its level of internationalization.

Internal migration in Northern Ireland: Are people becoming more stuck in place?

AbstractThe analysis uses the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study to explore migration trends from 2001 to 2015. Its contributions are to extend this analysis to the period after the 2011 Census, to use administrative data to measure migration not as a transition between places but as (potentially) multiple events over the full 2001–2015 period over different distance bands, to add to the UK evidence base on internal migration trends, and to show how long‐term trends appear to override economic cyclical effects. The results show that internal migration rates over all distance bands fell from 2001 onward, continuing a decline in migration between Super Output Areas recorded since 1981, the first date for which there are data. This indicates that Northern Ireland, despite its unique political and social history, has not been immune to the long‐term migration decline observed elsewhere in Great Britain and other countries such as the United States. The only caveat to this is that when moves from Northern Ireland to other places are included in the long‐distance band of 50 km or more then long‐distance migration returns to near its 2001–2003 level by 2013. The analysis also shows that the same personal characteristics as elsewhere are related to different frequencies and distances of moving.

Going Places or Out of Place? Representations of Mobile Girls and Young Women in Late-1950s and 1960s Britain.

Spatial mobilities are a neglected dimension of the historiography of post-war youth and yet, as this article argues, in the late 1950s and 1960s, mobilities became integral to a redefinition of young femininity. Examining media targeting girls and young women, as well as national newspapers and women's magazines, this article explores the popularization of the idea that girls in their teens and early twenties were on the move and that particular kinds of mobility were a feature of modern girlhood. Whether out and about, travelling or migrating to cities, mobilities were often portrayed as empowering girls and facilitating transitions to adulthood; for these reasons, girls were encouraged to embrace opportunities to be going places, even if this meant challenging personal boundaries. This empowering new ideal came at a cost: youth, and the passage to adulthood, became riskier for girls. Only a thin line separated going places from out of place, as the most transformative mobilities took girls away from the parental home and other forms of adult supervision. There were long-established dangers posed by predatory men, but also new ones posed by going it alone-sexual and domestic exploitation, loneliness; risky mobilities were often less about travel than arriving someplace else. Financial resources helped safeguard girls, but survival increasingly depended on personal resources. Mobilities became a new axis of social differentiation, dividing the girls who were going places, literally and in terms of social status and cultural capital, from those who were out of place or stuck in place.

NEIGHBORHOOD AGE COMPOSITION AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some indicating neighborhoods with more older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Using data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study combined with census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, we examined the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings from logistic regression models indicate those living in neighborhoods with a growing concentration of older residents are significantly more likely to report lower self-rated health compared to those living in a neighborhood in which older adults overall are declining (β=1.51, p < .05) or are becoming diluted by younger residents (β=.66, p < .05). Results have implications for interventions promoting aging in place, particularly for those who may be stuck in place in age-concentrated neighborhoods.

Landing-limited aggregation and prime number detection

An aggregation model is introduced based on the principles that N freely diffusing monomers stick together to form a cluster when they touch, the motion of clusters is directed, and limited by the requirement that a cluster be displaced over its entire size in one go if space permits. A successful displacement thus implies that the cluster lands on an unoccupied space adjacent to, and of the same size and shape as, the space which it occupied before the move. This “landing-limited aggregation” (LLA) can be motivated, for example, in the context of statistical mechanical modelling of the migration of animals herds, either self-organized in the wild or under human surveillance. This LLA is studied at fixed monomer density 1/2 on a periodic 1d lattice, or variations of it (staircase or double chain lattice), and on the 2d square lattice. In general the dynamics leads to three possible final states for the aggregate: a single cluster or “N-mer” containing the entire population, an arrested state in which multiple clusters are stuck in place, or multiple clusters that continue to move on the lattice without ever aggregating. On the 1d and the staircase lattices prime numbers play an interesting role in excluding certain final states. For example, for an initial condition on the periodic 1d lattice consisting of N monomers mutually separated by a vacant site, the final state never consists of just two clusters if and only if N is prime.

Wandering in the City: Time, Memory, and Experience in Digital Game Space

Wandering in the City: Time, Memory, and Experience in Digital Game Space

Stuck in Place? A Field Experiment on the Effects of Reputational Information on Student Evaluations

AbstractStudies suggest that students’ prior performance can shape subsequent teacher evaluations, but the magnitude of reputational effects and their implications for educational inequality remain unclear. Existing scholarship presents two major perspectives that exist in tension: do teachers primarily use reputational information as a temporary signal that is subsequently updated in response to actual student performance? Or do teachers primarily use reputational information as a filter that biases perception of subsequent evidence, thus crystallizing student reputations and keeping previously poor-performing students stuck in place? In a field experiment, we recruited a random sample of 832 junior high school teachers from the second-most populous province of China to grade a sequence of four essays written by the same student, and we randomly assign both the academic reputation of the student and the quality of the essays produced. We find that (1) reputational information influences how teachers grade, (2) teachers rely on negative information more heavily than positive information, and (3) negative reputations are crystallized by a single behavioral confirmation. These results suggest that students can escape their prior reputations, but to do so, they must contradict them immediately, with a single confirmation sufficient to crystallize a negative reputation.

나말여초 건칠불상의 제작기법과 시원 연구

Some 20 Korean dry lacquer Buddhist statues, characterized by the material used to make them, are extant today, dating from a period from the Silla-Goryeo transition into the Goryeo and then Joseon periods. Korea’s oldest dry lacquer Buddhist statues are the seated Bhaisajyaguru (Medicine Buddha) at Cheongnyangsa Temple and the statue of Master Huirang at Haeinsa Temple, both of which date from the period around the Silla-Goryeo transition.BR The origins of Korean dry lacquer Buddhist statues are thought to lie in Chinese counterparts estimated to date from the sixth to seventh century. Typical examples include seated Buddha statues in the collection of New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, Washington D. C.’s Freer Gallery of Art, and the Walters Art Museum. These three statues are thought to have been produced from the Sui to the Tang dynasty, a time when dry lacquer techniques reached a peak of excellence.BR This study investigates the current circumstances of Korea’s earliest extant dry lacquer Buddhist statues, analyzing them in comparison with their Chinese counterparts in order to determine their origins. Early Korean dry lacquer Buddhist statues are compared to early Chinese dry lacquer Buddhist statues in terms of form, materials and production technique. Similarities include hemp cloth and lacquer as basic materials, the flat interiors of the statues, hollow interiors without inner wooden frames to support their forms, the way the backs of statue heads were cut in order to extract the clay inside, the way wooden struts are placed at weak points inside them, and the thread count of the hemp fabric used. The statues also show similarities in the use of lacquer additives such as roast bone and starch (such as glutinous rice) in order to increase adhesive strength and thickness. In addition, they share the same inlaid lead glass eyes, stuck in place with hemp fabric and lacquer.BR It has so far been presumed that Korean dry lacquer Buddhist statues were first produced around the mid-Goryeo period, under the influence of Song China. But given the similarities between the seated Bhaisajyaguru at Cheongnyangsa and early Sui and Tang Buddhist statues, and its stylistic similarity to the Buddha statue at Seokguram Grotto, it is possible to project the history of Korean dry lacquer Buddhist statues back to the Silla-Goryeo transition period. There has so far been little scientific analysis or revelation of details of the interior state of Chinese dry lacquer Buddhist statues, but I believe future studies of such aspects would be highly helpful to research regarding early Korean statues of this kind.

CREATION OF A NEW AGING IN PLACE MEASURE

Aging in place and other “place” terms (such as stuck in place, aging in the right place, aging out of place, and age-friendliness) are often discussed in the gerontological literature. Yet, a validated measure that incorporates this new diversity of place definitions and person-environment fit does not exist. The creation of a more inclusive and comprehensive measure is crucial as the aging-in-place concept grows and expands to include the broader continuum of care. This study reports findings from steps in the process of developing a quantitative measure. Namely, we report findings from the first 4 steps of gerontologist Neal Kraus’ a 9-step Measurement Development model that we used to create a measure of aging in place for older adults. This process consisted of several steps and sources from: in-depth and focus group data, literature review, and selecting and testing items from existing comparable measures. Specifically, data analysis of 84 hours of in-depth interview narrative, from May 2017 to present, is discussed. Data arose from a combination of focus group and interview narrative. Initially, these data illustrate how the original conceptual domains were created. Then, we present examples of how the conceptual domain pool was further expanded through a systematic literature review and by review and assessment of comparable measures to develop our new aging in place questionnaire. Both this measure development process and findings are applicable to the creation of measures about other gerontological topics.