Stuart Hall's Theory Research Articles

The Examination of Stuart Hall’s Postcolonial Perspective on Displacement and Identity Discontinuity in Fadia Faqir’s The Cry of the Dove (2007).

Displacement is a key concept in postcolonial Diaspora literature that interprets the transition from the motherland, native culture, traditions, and native language to a different setting. Such geographical, cultural and psychological transitions result in an identity crisis, fragmentation and discontinuity. The objective of this study is to investigate, in Fadia Faqir's The Cry of the Dove, the process of identity development amid displacement of a female Arab Muslim in a postcolonial setting. Using Stuart Hall's theory of Cultural Identity and Diaspora, this article applies a postmodern reading on the novel to discern how displacement affects the identity of the main protagonist Salma. Hence, Salma experiences a series of encounters following her transition from her original space to a new one that results in an identity crisis characterised by fragmentation, sense of alienation and uncertainty. In a postmodernist Stuart Hallian sense, Fadia Faqir’s female protagonist suffers from an existentialist, discontinuous identity characterized by skepticism, uncertainty, fragmentation and paradox, following a journey of physical and psychological displacement.

Analisis Resepsi Masyarakat Tentang Gaya Hidup Hedonisme Selebgram (Studi Netnografi Pada Followers Instagram Sisca Kohl)

Analisis Resepsi Masyarakat Tentang Gaya Hidup Hedonisme Selebgram (Studi Netnografi Pada Followers Instagram Sisca Kohl)

Representation of Parenting Based on Sharenting (Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes on the TikTok Account @IDAWIDA)

The development of digital technology has made the practice of sharenting popular among the public, including public figures and ordinary people. This phenomenon occurs because the ease and sophistication of technology allow them to quickly and easily share information. Sharenting refers to the act of sharing information about children on social media. This research aims to analyze the representation of sharenting-based parenting on the TikTok account @Idawida, which is the caregiver of celebrity child Gala Sky. In this study, Stuart Hall's theory of representation is used to understand the social and symbolic meanings in sharenting representations, while Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis method is used to analyze @Idawida's content for the past 6 months. The results of the analysis show that sharenting representations include video content of Idawida's interactions with Gala Sky, as well as elements such as captions, viewers, likes, and top comments. Connotations involve symbolic and social meanings, such as intimacy, harmony, popularity, and positive perceptions of Gala Sky by followers. However, there are also negative myths, such as unawareness about sharenting and unconscious exploitation. Additionally, the ideology found is the exploitation of Gala Sky's popularity for financial gain. Therefore, the recommendations from this research are to increase TikTok users' awareness of the implications of sharenting and develop policies that protect the privacy and interests of children on social media.

Reasons for the Prevalence of Caste Discrimination and Practice of Untouchability in Itihāsko Ek Piakā and Likhe

This paper examines reasons for the prevalence of caste discrimination and practice of untouchability in Itihāsko Ek Piakā and Likhe. To fulfill the objective, the researcher has implied Stuart Hall's theory of representation under cultural studies as main and other theorists' insights are cited as supporting tools to analyze and interpret the primary texts. This study is primarily a library based qualitative research. The area of this research is confined to novels by both Dalit and non-Dalit Nepali writers. The data were collected from text information, description and record keeping. The researcher found that all the Dalit characters have been facing socio-economic, educational, political and cultural domination, discrimination, humiliation and biasness from the upper caste people in the words and actions. The representation of Dalit characters displays that due to the policy of the nation results the caste discrimination and practice of untouchability. These evil socio-cultural practices result: illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, lack of political access, lack of unity among Dalits and lack of self-esteems. Beside this, characters in both novels: Bhuwansingh and Likhe suffer by same childhood experiences in terms of discrimination and untouchability. These evil socio-cultural practices also affect the learning environment. Thus, Dalits have been suffering lifelong and searching their self-respect and humanly treatment to emancipate them. This study adds new avenue for academic discussion in the field of academia so as to address the age-long discriminatory system in order to create a just and healthy society without any forms of discrimination in the name of race, class caste, color and gender. Therefore, it is significant to the academia because it is a great asset.

Women's Glory In Islamic Perspective (Representation Of Buya Hamka's Thoughts)

This paper is entitled "The Glory of Women in an Islamic Perspective". This paper is also based on the importance of discussing women, more specifically from the thoughts of the great scholar, Buya Hamka. Buya Hamka's thoughts in this paper are obtained from his work, namely a book entitled "Buya Hamka Talks about Women". The purpose of this paper is to find out what Buya Hamka thinks about the glory of women from an Islamic perspective. The paradigm used in this paper is the constructivist paradigm. This paper includes a literature review using qualitative methods. In this paper, data collection was carried out by dissecting the contents of Buya Hamka's book and using books, articles, and journals as additional references. Stuart Hall's representation theory is the theory used in this paper. In Stuart Hall's theory, a problem is explained linguistically and then found the meaning of the language. The result of this paper is that Buya Hamka represents the glory of women by providing an explanation of several things, namely: women are mentioned a lot in the Qur'an, women receive the same respect as men, women are given tasks that are in accordance with their physical condition and condition, women gain self-respect, the Prophet's love for his daughters, a mother must be respected, women must be loved and respected, women (wives) are not wrong in the incident of the descent of Adam and Eve from heaven, women are glorified above angels, women are given guarantees property rights, women have special rights.Keywords: Buya Hamka, Women's Glory, Representation.

The Portrayal of an Iranian Queer Muslim Teenager in Arvin Ahmadi’s How It All Blew Up

This research examines the representation of an Iranian queer Muslim teenager in Arvin Ahmadi's How It All Blew Up. It also evaluates how the novel describes the sufferings of an Iranian queer Muslim teenager through symbolism, which Ahmadi uses as his aesthetic strategies. This research is descriptive qualitative, which examines the primary text by using close textual analysis. This research engages with Stuart Hall's theory of representation and Chris Barker's queer theory. The research investigates the symbolism representing the sufferings of an Iranian queer Muslim teenager and what aesthetic strategies the author uses to question mainstream society, which tends to exclude a queer teenager from “normal” belonging. Indeed, the analysis is engaged with Stuart Hall's theory of representation and Chris Barker's queer theory. This research discovered five representations of the protagonist character in the novel, namely Amir is represented as an Iranian queer Muslim that was born to an Iranian Muslim immigrant family, an Iranian queer Muslim that grew up in a Muslim family that did not strictly implement Islamic teachings, an irreligious Iranian queer Muslim, an Iranian queer Muslim that was attracted to people of the same sex, and an Iranian queer Muslim that struggled with his family's acceptance of his queerness. Indeed, this research discovers four symbols that are used to represent the suffering of an Iranian queer Muslim teenager, including the symbol of fortress, tunnel, tattoo, and wall. Thus, Ahmadi’s novel reveals how a queer Muslim teenager struggles to fight for his rights to be acknowledged and appreciated in the ideas of “normality” and social belonging.

STEREOTIPE PEREMPUAN DAKWAH USTADZ ABDUL SOMAD: PERSPEKTIF REPRESENTASI

Discussions related to women are very important from various perspectives. UAS lecture on YouTube about the number of women who provided more than 100 lectures. The UAS study was sharp, interesting, the comments were smart, straightforward, and easy to digest, making the UAS lecture topic about women much favored by the public. This study wants to answer how women's views in the UAS perspective are based on the concept of language representation and meaning. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a subjective approach. The object of this study focuses on the opinion about women conveyed by UAS on YouTube. Meanwhile, the theory used is the representation of Stuart Hall's theory which discusses language and meaning. The result of this research is that the lecture delivered by UAS contains points in favor of one gender and raises one gender, both male and female. In a meaningful way, these lecture points can be interpreted as being gender biased or referring to gender statements. Regarding, gender can be categorized into a place that is in the form of stereotypes or bad labeling that handles men or women.

Analisis penerimaan pemustaka terhadap electronic theses & dissertations di Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Introduction. Electronic theses & dissertations is one important service at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Library is to simplify the end-user reading service. However,it is still not understood whether the users are satisfied with the new service. An analysis is needed to examine the user acceptance of electronic theses & dissertations implemented by UGM Library.Data Collection Method. This paper used an acceptance analysis with a qualitative approach by interviewing three UGM students.Analysis Data. The paper applied Stuart Hall's theory of encoding-decoding.Results and Discussions. The results showed that the informants were categorises into two positions. One informant was in a dominant hegemonic position and the others were in negotiated positions. The background of the study program, the level of education and experiences, might influence the differences in the acceptance and interpretation of electronic theses & dissertations.Conclusions. There are various perspectives of how users examine to the electronic theses & dissertations at UGM Library.

Communication Style in Media Struggle, Misbach Communication Style in Early 20th Century

The mass media was used as an advocacy and struggle tool in the early 20th century in the Dutch East Indies colony. One figure at that time was Haji Misbach (1876-1926) who used the Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak media to convey thoughts, advocate citizens, to attack political opponents. What is known from Misbach is that he is an Islamic figure with the title of hajj, but he is one of the communist figures. He combines Islam and communism. The communication style used by Misbach, according to Stuart Hall's theory, is a low context that is the direct delivery of the target or purpose of communication.Whereas the Indies community at that time and Asia in general used a high context communication style that was full of ado, not directly to the problem.

AMERICAN AND INDONESIAN SITCOMS: A TRANSNATIONAL ANALYSIS ON “FRIENDS” AND INDONESIAN SITCOMS

The fact that Indonesia adopts many programs from American popular culture, especially the situation comedy format, makes reruns and reduplications at the national level, and makes them into primetime programs on most of the private television at stations demonstrates the strength of American cultural influence in Indonesia. Although, there are differences and adjustments in some parts of the program, modifying to the culture and customs of the people of Indonesia. The question arises, whether the entertainment producers in Indonesia nowadays were deliberately imitating and duplicating some imported variety and comedy format for the sake of popularity in public television in Indonesia or whether the traditional format of comedy in Indonesia is now being replaced with variety and comedy formats imported from America.This study is carried out in the framework of American Studies. To carry out the analysis, the writer made use of the grounded research and comparative study approach and Stuart Hall's theory of representation, to see the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience as an active part of the media consumption and how audience members make meanings and understand reality through their use of cultural symbols in both print and visual media. The object of the study is limited to the representation in Friends, as an example of an American sitcom, and to the representation in four Indonesian sitcoms, namely Keluarga Masa Kini, Tetangga Masa Gitu, Saya Terima Nikahnya and The East.The findings of selected episodes in Friends and Indonesian sitcoms, indicate some similarities and differences towards the trends that sitcoms have used. It is likely that American and Indonesian sitcoms use almost the same conventions of sitcom narrative, but, they also show some differences towards the content of the show, several changes and transformations in the narrative structures can be seen, especially in terms of the locality of each sitcom in depicting the values from the social and cultural construction where the sitcom is made. Another important thing to be taken into account is the way each society has a different construction of gender roles and sexuality, family values and so on, that lead to a different cultural product although they use and share the same conventions and characteristics of the sitcom.Keywords: sitcom, representation, social construction, gender, family

Negotiated “Chineseness” and Divided Loyalties: My American Grandson

ABSTRACTIn the field of cultural studies, the notion of “Chineseness” has been problematised and challenged, especially by overseas Chinese scholars. This article suggests that Chineseness can in fact be viewed as an open signifier that is in a state of continuous construction and negotiation, drawing upon Stuart Hall's theory of cultural identity and diaspora. The article begins with a clarification of the term “Chineseness” and then focuses on the examination of Ann Hui's film My American Grandson (1991). Addressing the transformation of Chinese American identity, the film depicts the opposite to the usual scenario. Instead of a Chinese person being painfully transformed into an “American”, an Americanised Chinese boy arrives in metropolitan Shanghai, bringing with him the classic conflicts and identity dilemma. The conflict between the American boy and his grandfather demonstrates the simultaneous processes of “learning Chineseness” and “unlearning Americanness”. The article concludes that an understanding of Chineseness should shed light on the dialogic relationship between being and becoming, between the past and the present, between homeland and diaspora, as well as between the local and the global.

CURRENT TREND IN NAMING BABIES IN JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The process of naming newborn babies is inseparable from the culture where they belong. Among Javanese people, there is a change of trends in naming babies. As western, noble, and religion associated names, such as Amelia , Gupita , Arsyad , gain popularity, modest and old-fashioned names, such as Tugino and Pariyem disappear. This paper discusses the trend in the naming of babies in Javanese community at the present time. Three theories are employed in the analysis. I will apply Saussurean Semiology and Bathesian Semiology and try to relate them to Stuart Hall's Theory of Identity . As a name is just an element of cultural identities, changing trends in naming in Javanese culture does not entirely change their identity as Javanese people.

CURRENT TREND IN NAMING BABIES IN JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The process of naming newborn babies is inseparable from the culture where they belong. Among Javanese people, there is a change of trends in naming babies. As western, noble, and religion associated names, such as Amelia, Gupita, Arsyad, gain popularity, modest and old-fashioned names, such as Tugino and Pariyem disappear. This paper discusses the trend in the naming of babies in Javanese community at the present time. Three theories are employed in the analysis. I will apply Saussurean Semiology and Bathesian Semiology and try to relate them to Stuart Hall's Theory of Identity. As a name is just an element of cultural identities, changing trends in naming in Javanese culture does not entirely change their identity as Javanese people.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2017.010107

“Wrestling with the Angels”: Stuart Hall's Theory and Method

ABSTRACTStuart Hall made multiple and significant methodological and theoretical contributions during the years he directed the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. This essay highlights, critiques, and shows the continuing value and relevance of two works. Hall's (1975) Introduction to Paper Voices: The Popular Press and Social Change 1935-1965 is an excellent example of an early methodological intervention by Hall. It remains a highly useful manual for discourse analysis. Hall's pioneering 4-part model of encoding and decoding is used to illustrate a major theoretical intervention. Hall wrote “Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse” in 1973 for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. The 1980 version is shorter and its politics somewhat tamed but even so it justifiably inspired considerable work on the articulation of producer and audience work.

Ideology, anarchy and society: A review essay

Jan Rehmann Theories of Ideology: The Power of Alienation and Subjection, Brill Publishing, Historical Materialism Book Series No. 54: Leiden, 2013; viii+350 pp: 9789004252301, 110 [pounds sterling] (hbk) Frank Rosengarten The Revolutionary Marxism of Antonio Gramsci, Brill Publishing, Historical Materialism Book Series No. 62: Leiden, 2014; viii+197 pp: 9789004265745, 89 [pounds sterling] (hbk) Jeff Shantz and Dana M. Williams Anarchy and Society: Reflections on Anarchist Sociology, Brill Publishing, Studies in Critical Social Science, No. 55: Leiden, 2013; xiv+209 pp: 97890214965, 80 [pounds sterling] (hbk) The marked commonalities between these three books extend well beyond their having the same publisher and being--at least in the cases of Rehmann's and Rosengarten's books--published in the same series of Historical Materialism. The second uniting element is thematic, covering ideology, society and anarchy. In a possible anti-Foucaultian 'order of things', one might start with Rehmann's general overview of ideology before illuminating the specific ideological investigation of Rosengarten with Shantz and Williams's work providing a possible counter-model to ideology. Following the invention of the concept of ideology by the French philosopher Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836), who published four volumes entitled Elements d'ideologie between 1801 and 1815, the idea of a 'science of ideas' was born. But soon, Napoleon Bonaparte (17691821) abused those studying ideas as ideologists, ideologues and doctrinaire dreamers. From then on, ideology carried negative connotations, entering the canon of the Enlightenment most successfully through Karl Marx's German Ideology (1845). Even though ideology is a distinctive modern concept with a 200-year-plus history, and though until now 'nobody has yet come up with a single adequate definition of ideology' (Nescolarde-Selva & Uso-Domenech 2014: 1), two schools of thought on ideology have emerged. The first might be called, 'everything is ideological'. But when ideology is viewed in this way, it might conversely also mean that 'nothing is ideology'. With that, the concept of ideology loses the power to critically analyse social phenomena. Today, Freeden et al. (2013) appear to be the prime representatives of, as Leonardo (2003: 212) calls it, the 'everything is ideology thesis', continuing with 'if everything is ideology, then nothing is ideological'. As a consequence, when ideology becomes an all-embracing [concept it also becomes an] almost meaningless' concept (McLellan 1995: 2). In line with that, Hinich and Munger (1992: 428) argue that 'the neutral ideational sense of ideology simply collapses under scrutiny'. Dedicated to scrutiny is the second understanding of ideology that might be called critical, emancipatory and Marxist, with the classical representatives being Gramsci, Althusser and Therborn (the latter's exquisite book is absent from Rehmann's work). Perhaps the most current representatives of the second school are Rehmann and Rosengarten. With these preliminary observations on ideology in mind, Rehmann begins his journey through the history of ideology with the indispensable calling stations of ideology's inventor de Tracy, followed by Napoleon, Marx and Engels, Lenin, Lukacs and the Frankfurt School, Gramsci and Althusser, and continues with Stuart Hall's theory of hegemony and discourse, a critique of Foucault's governmentality studies, postmodernism, Pierre Bourdieu, and the current domination of Herr von Hayek's neoliberal ideology. The journey ends by arriving at the final station of ideology-critique: the Projekt Ideologietheorie (PIT). Through all this, Rehmann is able to close two vital knowledge gaps in the history of ideology when he highlights the concept of ideology from the second international to Marxism-Leninism' and details the Frankfurt School's approximation to ideology when, for example, Marcuse notes that 'the rational rather than the irrational becomes the most effective vehicle of mystification'. …

Constructing the Other: A Critical Reading of The Joy Luck Club

ABSTRACT This article is a critical reading of the movie The Joy Luck Club. Grounded on Stuart Hall's theory of articulation, the author explored how the movie text constructed Chinese culture as the sexist, oppressive, mysterious, inscrutable, exotic, and savage cultural/racial Other. The representation of the negative Other in turn sustains the myth of the White middle-class American culture as the positive Self. This construction reflects the new Orientalist/Assimilationist paradigm, which poses a double bind on minority groups. On the one hand, it insists that members of minority groups need to cast off their cultural identities and to obey and follow the rules of the dominant group. However, on the other hand, it insists on the exotic otherness of minority group members. A close examination of the movie text is part of a political project that treats popular culture as resources for public pedagogy. That is, engaging in popular culture should be more than a process of deconstruction. It should also strive to provide the possibility for alternative narratives to counter negative media representations.

Encoding and Decoding the People

This article notes the `vernacular aesthetic' at work in the new breed of experience-centred heritage museums, which foreground and celebrate the ordinary lives of `the people'. It seeks to understand how constructs of `the people' are produced at such museums. Many existing treatments of heritage museums have analysed them as symptoms of totalizing trends, rather than coming to terms with how they work as sites of cultural communication. By drawing on Stuart Hall's theory of encoding/decoding, the article presents a linked analysis of the encoding and decoding of `the people' at a heritage museum in South Wales. It discusses how this museum was set up, through particular relations of production and frameworks of knowledge, and shows how the heritage texts are the negotiated and hybrid outcome of the conflicts that shaped encoding. It then traces the circuit of communication through to a visitor study, which asked visitors what impressions of `the people then' they had formed during their visit. A particular concern was to explore how visitors positioned their present lives in relation to the past, and how popular mythologies of `community' are deployed in this process.

Articulation theory and public controversy: Taking sides over NYPD Blue

This study suggests a new academic perspective for investigating the nature of mass mediated public controversies. As issues of public interest gain exposure in the media, it becomes necessary to explore the complex network of relationships that emerge in the struggle for of consensus. Traditionally, public controversy has been approached from agenda‐setting, political economy and rhetorical perspectives. This study suggests a mode of analysis based Stuart Hall's theory of articulation which is appropriated to help identify the empowering associations that are made between the individuals and groups participating in the 1993 controversy over the embattled television program NYPD Blue, and the ideological social forces circulating within the context of this debate. Exploration of the non‐necessary and contradictory relationships that emerged in this controversy reveals how ostensibly innocuous issues are often related to larger socio‐political movements.

Stuart hall's theory of ideology: A frame for rhetorical criticism

This paper investigates Stuart Hall's theory of ideology as a tool for rhetorical theory and criticism. After explicating the theoretical presuppositions of the theory in which issues of power and dominance, epistemology, language, legitimation, and consensus are considered, the paper offers a method for rhetorical critics which focuses upon Hall's pivotal notion of articulation. By examining terms and “logics” of public discourse in relation to historical conditions, Hall's theory enables the critic to examine how consciousness is produced in the relations among linguistic structures and social formations.