EPS-mediated mineralization drives granule densification and enhances denitratation-anammox coupling under alkaline conditions.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate cement (MAPC) exhibits rapid setting, high early strength, and potential resistance to elevated temperatures, making it a promising material for rapid repair and fire-resistant applications. Gold tailings (GT), which contain thermally stable Si- and Al-rich components, show potential for improving the high-temperature performance of MAPC. However, the mechanisms by which GT affects the residual performance and phase evolution of MAPC after exposure to elevated temperatures remain insufficiently understood. In this study, GT was used to replace the total binder in MAPC mortar at mass replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, while the MgO/NH4H2PO4 mass ratio in the remaining binder was kept constant. The effects of GT content on the workability of MAPC mortar, as well as its visual appearance, mechanical properties, mass loss rate, phase evolution, and microstructure after exposure to elevated temperatures, were investigated. The results showed that GT incorporation shortened the setting time and reduced the fluidity and room-temperature strength. After exposure to elevated temperatures, the GT-containing specimens exhibited higher strength retention and lower mass loss rates. After exposure to 1000 °C, the compressive strength of the specimen containing 30% GT reached 15.37 MPa, which was approximately 44.0% higher than that of the specimen without GT. Its flexural strength retention and mass loss rate were 47.42% and 9.84%, respectively. XRD and SEM results indicated that the formation of high-temperature residual phases, including Mg3(PO4)2, Mg2SiO4, and aluminosilicates, may contribute to the improvement of the residual matrix structure after exposure to elevated temperatures. Overall, GT incorporation improved the residual mechanical properties of MAPC after exposure to elevated temperatures, and the specimen containing 30% GT showed comparatively superior performance within the experimental scope of this study. These findings provide a reference for the resource utilization of GT in MAPC-based heat-resistant repair materials.

Three-dimensional (3D) rendering of urologic pathology plays an important role in simulation-based education, surgical training, and computer vision research; however, a standardized, open-access repository of high-fidelity kidney stone models stratified by chemical composition is lacking. We developed and validated a reproducible photogrammetry-based pipeline to generate realistic 3D kidney stone renderings. Chemically characterized human stones composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) (n = 11), uric acid (UA) (n = 5), cystine (n = 4), magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate/carbonate apatite (MAPH/CA) (n = 2), and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD) (n = 3) were photographed using a custom-built rotating stage and dual fixed 4K cameras. Rendered models were sent to 25 endourologists using a 5-point Likert-scale survey assessing geometric and surface texture fidelity. Successful 3D renderings were obtained for 8/11 COM stones, 5/5 UA stones, 2/2 MAPH/CA fragments, and 3/3 CHPD fragments, while all cystine stones failed to render. Across stone types, mean fidelity scores were highest for UA and COM stones (mean 3.8-3.9), intermediate for calcium phosphate stones (mean 3.6-3.8), and lowest for struvite stones (mean 3.0-3.3). Geometry scores were higher than texture scores overall, though this difference was not significant. Significant differences in geometric fidelity were observed across stone compositions (χ² = 9.30, p = 0.026). Inter-rater reliability was poor for individual evaluators (ICC = 0.10) but moderate for aggregated mean ratings (ICC = 0.67). This validated workflow enables the creation of generally realistic, open-access 3D kidney stone models (github.com/uro-glidar/3d-rendering-diverse-stones) for simulation, education, and future machine learning applications in endourology.

This study aims to investigate the distribution patterns of microbiota and stone composition in patients with infection-induced stones across different genders, and to elucidate the differences between stone composition and metabolism. Clinical data from 355 patients with infection stones (confirmed by postoperative stone composition analysis) who were hospitalized and treated at our center from January 2016 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The collected data included preoperative mid-stream urine culture results, serum biochemical parameters, 24-hour urinary metabolic indices, and postoperative stone composition analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on gender to analyze the distribution of stone composition and microbiota. Metabolic differences between the groups were assessed based on blood biochemical markers and 24-hour urinary metabolic test results. Of the 355 cases, struvite-carbonate apatite mixed stones were most frequent overall and in females (P < 0.05), while pure struvite stones dominated in males (P < 0.05). Microbiota distribution showed E. coli was most common in females and P. aeruginosa in males (P < 0.05). Females had significantly higher serum phosphorus, chlorine, and eGFR (P < 0.05), whereas males had higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid (P < 0.05). Additionally, 24-hour urinary phosphorus, chlorine, and sodium excretions were greater in males (P < 0.05). This study found significant gender differences in the microbial distribution, stone composition, and metabolic characteristics of patients with infection stones. These findings suggest that more comprehensive metabolic evaluation and urine culture may be of help in optimizing clinical management. Additionally, the study observed that male patients with infection stones tended to have relatively poorer renal function-related indicators, suggesting that this population might benefit from more timely and effective clinical attention and intervention.

Regional climate and lifestyle are key drivers of urolithiasis, yet long-term data from subtropical coastal regions in China are limited. This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics and dynamic age-sex associations of stone composition in Xiamen, a major maritime city in Southern China. We analyzed 3901 patients with urolithiasis at a tertiary center between March 2012 and June 2025. Stone components were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Beyond standard categorical analysis, we employed restricted cubic spline (RCS) models to describe the precise nonlinear associations between age, sex, and the risk of major stone types. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) was the predominant component (73.9%), though mixed stones were remarkably frequent (82.4%). We observed robust sex-specific profiles: men showed higher rates of CaOx and uric acid (UA) stones, whereas women were more prone to calcium phosphate (CaP) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgP/infection) stones. RCS analysis revealed distinct risk trajectories: CaOx followed an inverted U-shaped pattern peaking in midlife (45–50 years); CaP risk generally declined with age. Notably, UA risk demonstrated a J-shaped escalation, rising exponentially after age 50, particularly in men. In women, MgP risk followed a U-shaped curve, increasing sharply after age 70. Despite the subtropical setting, no significant seasonal variations were found, suggesting that the stable maritime climate may dampen the thermal drivers of stone formation seen in continental regions. Urinary stone composition in this coastal population follows complex, sex-dependent, and nonlinear age trajectories. The late-life surge in UA stones among men and infection stones among women highlights the need for stratified, age-specific metabolic and clinical management. These findings provide a data-driven framework for personalized urolithiasis prevention in Southern China.

The rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) is a small herbivorous mammal, and reports on gastrointestinal disease in this species are limited. Here, we describe the case of a 3-year-old female with intermittent anorexia. Computed tomography revealed a high-attenuation structure in the cecum, which gradually increased in size over time, as confirmed by serial radiography. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a multilobulated enterolith primarily composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate was surgically removed. The animal recovered without complications, and all clinical signs resolved. This is the first detailed report of enterolithiasis in a rock hyrax, emphasizing the importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal symptoms and demonstrating that surgical removal is an effective treatment option.

Nephrolithiasis is a major urological condition globally, with an increasing prevalence linked to shifting dietary patterns and climatic changes. In Nepal, the growing number of kidney stone cases presents a substantial challenge to the healthcare system. Understanding the chemical nature of these stones and their relationship with demographic factors and systemic biochemical markers is essential for developing effective localized clinical management and prevention strategies. This study aims to analyze the biochemical composition of kidney stones and evaluate their demographic distribution among patients at a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal. A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan. The study included final 111 patients who underwent surgical intervention for urolithiasis. The stone composition was determined using standard qualitative inorganic chemical analysis techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 11.5, employing Chi-square tests to assess associations. The study population showed a male predominance, with males comprising 57.7% and females 42.3%, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 1.36:1. The mean age of participants was 43.51 ± 13.72 years, with the highest prevalence in the 31-45 age group (48.6%). Chemical analysis revealed that calcium oxalate was the most prevalent stone type (59.5%), followed by calcium phosphate (12.6%), struvite (11.7%), and mixed stones (10.8%). Uric acid and cystine stones were least common (2.7% each). Urinary pH was significantly associated with stone composition (p = 0.01), with acidic pH favoring Calcium Oxalate and alkaline pH favoring Calcium Phosphate. Struvite stones exhibited the largest dimensions (median 20mm). Calcium oxalate is the main constituent of kidney stones in Eastern Nepal, with a higher occurrence in males and individuals aged 31-45 years, particularly from the Terai region. Urinary pH showed a significant association with stone composition. Struvite stones were associated with larger stone size. These findings highlight the importance of routine stone analysis and urinary pH evaluation for targeted prevention and personalized management of nephrolithiasis.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite) crystals induce macrophage extracellular traps, migrasomes and pyroptosis.

Amelioration of mining-area soils with microbial induction of magnesium ammonium phosphate

Objective: To investigate the biosafety of ureteral stents modified with intrinsically disordered protein family member-fused in sarcoma (IDPFUS) coating in a rat intravesical stent retention model, and to evaluate its efficacy in preventing encrustation on the stent surface. Methods: An IDPFUS functional coating was constructed on the surface of polyurethane (PU) stents using a "two-step" method. Eighteen SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: the PU group (n=4), the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) group (n=4), the (PU+polyethylene glycol) (PEG) group (n=5), and the (PU+IDPFUS) group (n=5). The corresponding stents were implanted into the rat bladders and harvested 14 days postoperatively. The mass of the encrustation on the stent surfaces was measured. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to observe the morphology and chemical composition of the encrustation. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration in the bladder tissues. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in body weight among the 4 groups (P>0.05), indicating good tolerance to the materials. Significant differences in encrustation mass were observed across the 4 groups (P=0.005). The (PU+IDPFUS) group exhibited the lowest encrustation mass［M（Q1，Q3）］11 (9, 48) mg, which was significantly lower than that of the PU group 124 (115, 146) mg and the EVA group 172 (121, 218) mg (both P<0.05); however, no statistically significant difference was found between the (PU+IDPFUS) and (PU+PEG) groups 93 (75, 96) mg (P>0.05). SEM analysis showed only sparse, scattered encrustation on the (PU+IDPFUS) surface, whereas surfaces in the other groups were heavily covered by mineral deposits. EDS analysis confirmed that the primary component of the encrustation was magnesium ammonium phosphate. HE staining revealed diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration accompanied by reactive epithelial hyperplasia in the PU, EVA, and (PU+PEG) groups. In contrast, the (PU+IDPFUS) group exhibited a significantly attenuated inflammatory response, characterized by only focal, scattered inflammatory cells, intact mucosal structure, and the absence of significant edema or fibrosis. Conclusion: In a rat intravesical stent indwelling model, ureteral stents modified with IDPFUS coating demonstrate excellent biosafety and effectively reduce the formation of magnesium ammonium phosphate encrustation on the stent surface.

BACKGROUND: The global incidence of urolithiasis and obesity has been increasing, particularly in countries adopting a Western lifestyle. However, the role of dietary lipids in the development of urolithiasis remains insufficiently studied. AIM: This work aimed to assess the impact of total fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol intake on biochemical parameters of lithogenic metabolism in patients with urolithiasis. METHODS: For a comprehensive assessment of dietary patterns, patients with urolithiasis were surveyed using an original questionnaire program. The questionnaire addressed the consumption of various food groups. Data on the chemical composition of foods were obtained from publicly available sources. Daily intake of fats, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol was calculated based on reported consumption. Foods consumed more than once per month were included in the analysis. To evaluate lithogenic metabolism, serum and 24-hour urine levels of total calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, chloride, magnesium, and uric acid were measured. The mineral composition of urinary calculi was determined by infrared spectroscopy using a reference spectral library of known stone composition. Patients were stratified according to stone composition (calcium oxalate, uric acid, and calcium phosphate). Comparative analysis of the mean intake of the studied nutrients and the associations between intake levels of fats, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol and biochemical parameters of blood and urine was performed in these patient groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) with parametric methods, including correlation analysis and the Student t test for independent samples. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was applied. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients with urolithiasis were included: 67 men (47.9%) and 73 women (52.1%), aged 19 to 73 years. Stone composition was determined in all patients: calcium oxalate stones in 68 (48.6%), uric acid stones in 18 (12.9%), calcium phosphate stones in 44 (31.4%), and struvite stones in 10 (7.1%). In the overall cohort, mean intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol exceeded recommended levels: 37.82 ± 1.23 g and 347.98 ± 13.95 mg per day, respectively. No differences in intake between men and women were observed. High cholesterol intake had the greatest impact on metabolic parameters across most stone types. CONCLUSIONS: Lipid intake may influence lithogenic metabolism depending on the chemical composition of urinary stones. When prescribing dietary interventions aimed at reducing intake of fats, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol, the chemical composition of urinary stones should be taken into account.

Model-guided nutrients recovery from real corn deep processing wastewater using endogenous magnesium in a fluidized bed reactor: Performance prediction under fluctuating conditions.

The thermal transformationof magnesium ammonium phosphate hydratesis highly relevant to environmental processes including physicochemicalmechanisms associated with nutrient recovery and release. In thisstudy, a nonisothermal kinetic framework was developed using in situattenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy to quantitatively describe the struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) to dittmarite (NH4MgPO4·H2O) transformation in the magnesiumammonium phosphate hydrate compound. A linear least-squares (LLS)spectral decomposition approach was applied to temperature-resolvedATR-FTIR data sets to extract the degree of conversion (α) acrossmultiple heating rates. Complementarily, in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, and ex situ Raman spectromicroscopyprovided structural and compositional validation of the chemical andcrystalline transformations. The resulting kinetics information derivedfrom spectral analysis of phosphate (PO43–) and water/hydroxyl/ammonium (H2O/OH–/NH4+) vibrational regions identified fourthermally distinct stages, corresponding to the release of surfacewater (adsorbed water), followed by crystalline dehydration associatedwith struvite to dittmarite transformation, and two subsequent amorphizationsteps yielding magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MgHPO4). Activationenergies of 129.3 ± 17.9 and 126.3 ± 16.8 kJ/mol were obtainedusing the Kissinger analysis for the struvite–dittmarite transformation,while isoconversional Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS)evaluation indicated an average activation energy of approximately143.9 ± 5.5 and 140.1 ± 10.9 kJ/mol across multiple αvalues. These results show that temperature-programmed ATR-FTIR, coupledwith LLS spectral analysis, provides a surface-sensitive route forderiving nonisothermal kinetics and identifying coupled structural–vibrationalmechanisms in hydrated ammonium phosphate systems.

Struvite is a magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate mineral that generates interest in multiple fields: environmental, medical, and prebiotic sciences. This material has been widely characterized from an experimental point of view in order to inhibit its crystallization (both from an environmental and medical point of view, for the management of wastewater and the treatment of kidney stones, respectively) and, to a lesser extent, from a computational point of view, where its electronic, elastic, and optical properties of the bulk have been investigated. To the best of our knowledge, only one study exists on the modeling of a few struvite surfaces with the aim of finding an inhibitor for its growth. In this study, we performed a thorough investigation of the struvite structure by means of periodic DFT modeling, computing both static and dynamic bulk infrared and Raman spectra, and characterizing its surfaces, focusing on their proton mobility, which can be interesting for further research on the role of struvite in prebiotic chemistry, as a phosphorylation agent.

To compare the efficacy and safety of flexible negative-pressure ureteral access sheath combined with flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL) versus FURL alone in the treatment of upper urinary tract infectious stones. This retrospective cohort study included 91 patients with upper urinary tract infectious stones (confirmed as struvite or carbonate apatite by postoperative stone composition analysis) who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between January 2023 and January 2025. Based on the surgical approach, patients were divided into two groups: the FANS-UAS combined with FURL group (n = 60) and the FURL alone group (n = 31). Baseline characteristics, stone-free rates (immediate and long-term), and complications were collected and compared between the groups. Compared to the FURL alone group, the FANS-UAS group had a lower proportion of struvite stones (73.33% vs. 93.55%, P < 0.05) and a lower rate of intraoperative stone basket usage (66.67% vs. 100%, P < 0.05). However, patients in the FANS-UAS group were older, had a larger maximum stone diameter, and higher stone CT values (all P < 0.05). Regarding efficacy and safety: The FANS-UAS group demonstrated a significantly higher immediate stone-free rate (53.34% vs. 12.91%, P < 0.05), but also had a longer operative time, greater estimated intraoperative blood loss, and higher postoperative levels of serum creatinine and cystatin C (all P < 0.05). Concurrently, the FANS-UAS group showed significantly lower rates of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (1.67% vs. 6.45%, P < 0.05), lower hospitalization costs, and a lower rate of postoperative adjuvant therapy (3.33% vs. 45.17%, P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of long-term stone-free rate, postoperative pain scores, length of hospital stay, transfusion rate, fever rate, renal pelvis/ureteral injury rate, or reoperation rate (all P > 0.05). Although these differences did not reach statistical significance, the observed numerical trends in some outcomes may hold clinical relevance and warrant further validation through larger-scale studies. The combination of FANS-UAS and FURL is a safe and effectivemethod for treating upper urinary tract infectious stones. Its advantages include a higher immediate stone-free rate, lower hospitalization costs, reduced need for postoperative adjuvant therapy, a lower incidence of sepsis, and faster postoperative recovery, while achieving a long-term stone-free rate comparable to FURL alone. This approach represents a viable new treatment option.

BackgroundTo develop an automated classification system for urinary stone composition by integrating smartphone-based microscopic imaging (TIPSCOPE) with the GoogLeNet architecture, with the goal of enabling rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analysis of stone composition.MethodsA total of 140 surgically extracted kidney stone samples were collected and classified into four categories: calcium oxalate (66 cases), uric acid (32 cases), carbonate apatite (26 cases), and magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (16 cases). Microscopic images of the stones were acquired using the TIPSCOPE device paired with a Realme GT5 smartphone, resulting in a dataset of 840 images. The classification model was trained using the Adam optimizer, with 90% of the dataset allocated for training and 10% reserved for testing.ResultsThe overall accuracy of the system reached 85.7%. Performance metrics for each category were as follows: uric acid stones: F1 = 0.92 (precision = 0.90, recall = 0.95); magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate stones: F1 = 0.95 (precision = 0.90, recall = 1.00); calcium oxalate stones: F1 = 0.86 (precision = 0.85, recall = 0.88); carbonate apatite stones: F1 = 0.69 (precision = 0.77, recall = 0.63).ConclusionThis study successfully developed a kidney stone composition classification system integrating a smartphone-based microscope with a deep learning model, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 85.7%. The system exhibited strong performance in classifying uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate stones. With its low cost, efficiency, and portability, this system offers an economical and practical diagnostic solution for resource-limited regions.

Calcium oxalate stones comprise greater than 70% of all kidney stones. In the current conceptual framework, the initial stone nidus is thought to include the aggregation of inorganic crystallites, the formation of which is favored by elevated concentrations of dissolved constituents. Here, we show that this highly prevalent stone type comprises a form of organic-inorganic polycrystalline biocomposite with integrated bacterial biofilms. Evidence from electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy reveal the unanticipated internal structure of kidney stones from human patients, where bacterial biofilms are intercalated between polycrystalline mineral layers, even in stones identified as "noninfectious" clinically, including those in patients without underlying urinary tract infections. We observe similar bacterial biofilm architectures on the surfaces of stone fragments obtained due to lithotripsy, suggesting that bacteria are intrinsic to the process of nephrolithiasis. Crystallites proximal to biofilm layers exhibit significantly smaller grain sizes, which indicate a larger local concentration of nucleation sites. Staining reveals that biofilm areas of these stones are enriched with bacterial DNA. That bacteria are now observed so broadly in kidney stones (including even in less prevalent struvite stones) may be conceptually salient: Based on the evidence adduced here, we propose a model in which the urine-rich environment of the kidney can impinge on bacterial calcium homeostasis and amplify bacterial production of nucleation templates such as extracellular DNA. The resultant counterion condensation intrinsic to polyelectrolytes charged beyond the Manning criterion (such as DNA) drastically enhances the probability of heterogeneous nucleation, thereby amplifying calcium oxalate stone formation.

Urinary tract diseases are a common concern in domestic cats and a leading cause of veterinary visits. Urolithiasis is a major contributor to discomfort, clinical signs, and secondary complications, negatively impacting feline health and welfare. Diet is a manageable risk factor that can be leveraged in commercial formulations to support urinary tract health and reduce urolith risk, particularly struvite. Nutritional interventions primarily influence three interrelated determinants of urolith formation: urinary pH, urine solute concentrations, and crystallization potential. Controlled dietary acidification is central to struvite prevention, supporting the controlled use of urinary acidifier agents in cat food (eg DL methionine, sodium bisulfate, phosphoric acid, calcium sulfate) as an effective strategy. While the prevalence of struvite stones in cats declined from the mid-1980s to the 2000s as scientific knowledge of such dietary strategies in commercial cat food has evolved, recent U.S. reports show an increase in struvite stones, warranting attention to the potential impact of commercial diets on this outcome. Regarding urinary acidifier agents, excessive intake of certain compounds (eg inorganic phosphorus or DL-methionine) raises potential long-term health concerns. At the same time, "clean label" trends may discourage efficacious acidifiers with no health concerns, including sodium bisulfate, which can both acidify urine and, via its sodium content, support water intake. Predictive equations can help estimate urinary pH during cat food formulation. Still, they do not capture critical factors, such as water intake and feeding behavior. Consequently, in vivo evaluation remains the gold standard, albeit costly and time-consuming, making it challenging for universal adoption in the industry. Additional challenges faced by the sector include variability in mineral composition across ingredients, limited data on mineral bioavailability, nutrient interactions, and other factors that affect the post-prandial concentrations of specific minerals known to impact urolith formation. This review discusses the etiology of feline urolith formation, evidence-based dietary interventions, and the efficacy and systemic effects of commonly used urinary acidifier agents, as well as challenges in formulating commercial cat foods targeting urinary tract health, including precise nutrient balancing and regulatory considerations to support urinary tract health claims.

Mineralization of rare earth tailings by using microbiome-induced synthesis of calcium carbonate and magnesium ammonium phosphate

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore risk factors related to positive single and multi‐organism stone cultures and their association with postoperative complications in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Subjects/Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 293 PCNL patients with stone cultures at a single academic institution between January 2017 and March 2023. Data collection encompassed demographics, comorbidities, operative details and postoperative outcomes. Chi‐square and ANOVA with Tukey B post hoc tests were employed. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent outcomes. Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsPositive stone cultures were seen in 56% of patients and cultures with multiple organisms were seen in 25% of patients. Female sex (p = 0.007), preoperative nephrostomy tubes (p < 0.001) and longer surgical durations (p < 0.001) were more likely to have positive cultures. Significant associations were observed between positive cultures and postoperative fever (p = 0.007), readmissions (p = 0.020), stone recurrence (p = 0.002) and multidrug resistance (p = 0.016) with no difference between single‐ and multi‐organism culture groups. Positive cultures were independently associated with higher odds of readmission (OR = 4.31; p = 0.03) and stone recurrence (OR = 2.89; p = 0.005). Additionally, calcium phosphate and struvite stones were associated with positive cultures (p < 0.001).ConclusionPositive stone cultures (single or multi‐organism) predicted adverse postoperative outcomes including fever, readmission and recurrence. Patients with multi‐organism stone cultures were more likely to have stone recurrences within 6 months, suggesting the need for closer follow‐up and more comprehensive antibiotic therapy. These findings emphasize the role of stone culture status in guiding risk stratification and tailored prophylactic strategies, particularly in patients with multi‐organism stone cultures who have multidrug resistance.