Rational Structure Research Articles

A confined expansion pore-making strategy to transform Zn-MOF to porous carbon nanofiber for water treatment: Insight into formation and degradation mechanism

Electrospinning MOFs nanoparticles derived porous carbon nanofibers with rational structure and design are recently as environmentally friendly and highly efficient catalytic materials for wastewater treatment. However, most of the pore-making strategies are based on precursors structural shrinkage during pyrolysis, which is a challenge to create abundant large pores and open channels. Here, a confined expansion pore-making strategy with active MOF is introduced, where energetic Zn-MOF (Zn2+/triazole) and ZIF-67 (Co2+/dimethylimidazole) are utilized as pore forming additive and precursor of active sites, respectively. The high nitrogen content gives triazole the ability to puff up and realizes N-doped during pyrolysis. Moreover, degradation mechanisms and pathways of pollutants were measured by 3D EEM, LC-MS, quenching experiments, and Fukui function. This pore-making strategy via energetic MOF local contraction and expansion provides a novel method to prepare diversiform function porous carbon materials for environmental remediation.

Cr2S3 nanosheet grafted with porous N-doped carbon architecture as an anode with enhanced Li-storage property

Chromium-based transition metal sulfide such as chromium hemi trisulfide (Cr2S3) gradually emerges as a potential lithium-ion host material considering its relatively large specific capacity along with low cost advantage. However, some excruciating issues such as serious particle aggregation, large volume expansion and insufficient inherent conductivity always result in an inferior Li-storage behavior such as low reversible capacity, limited cycling life and poor high-rate performance. Rational structure design and effective combination with suitable component are crucial to achieve superior Li-storage performance. Herein, a heterostructured composite with small Cr2S3 nanosheets embedded into phenanthroline-derived N-doped porous carbon skeleton (Cr2S3/NC) has been synthesized through a calcination and sulfuration route. In as-prepared Cr2S3/NC composite, Cr2S3 nanosheets are well confined by carbon matrix, which is conductive to an effective suppression on aggregation and volume change. Meanwhile, porous conductive carbon framework supplies desirable expressway for fast electron delivery and reduces the distance for lithium ions diffusion. Consequently, the Cr2S3/NC anode delivers a remarkably elevated Li-storage performance.

Stabilizing layered superlattice MoSe2 anodes by the rational solvation structure design for low‐temperature aqueous zinc‐ion batteries

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their intrinsic merits of low cost and high safety. However, the poor thermodynamic stability of Zn metal in aqueous electrolytes inevitably cause Zn dendrites growth and interface parasitic side reactions, resulting in unsatisfactory cycling stability and low Zn utilization. Replacing Zn anode with intercalation‐type anodes have emerged as a promising alternative strategy to overcome the above issues but the lack of appropriate anode materials is becoming the bottleneck. Herein, the interlayer structure of MoSe2 anode is preintercalated with long‐chain polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), constructing a periodically stacked p‐MoSe2 superlattice to activate the reversible Zn2+ storage performance (203 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1). To further improve the stability of the superlattice structure during cycling, the electrolyte is also rationally designed by adding 1,4‐Butyrolactone (γ‐GBL) additive into 3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2, in which γ‐GBL replaces the H2O in Zn2+ solvation sheath. The preferential solvation of γ‐GBL with Zn2+ effectively reduces the water activity and helps to achieve an ultra‐long lifespan of 12,000 cycles for p‐MoSe2. More importantly, the reconstructed solvation structure enables the operation of p‐MoSe2||ZnxNVPF (Na3V2(PO4)2O2F) AZIBs at an ultra‐low temperature of −40°C, which is expected to promote the practical applications of AZIBs.

Easily scaled-up and portable 3D polysulfone hollow fiber membrane tree for high-efficient solar-driven clean water production

Solar-driven water evaporation based on photothermal conversion materials, such as woods, sponges, and membranes, have been proved to be promising in the field of fresh water generation. It's urgent to develop portable, versatile, and efficient photothermal materials for affordable freshwater supply. Here, a hydrophilic polysulfone hollow fiber membrane (PSF HFM) with gradient porous structure and diameter of 50 μm was prepared through one-step phase inversion method. Inspired by nature, a highly efficient 3D solar-driven steam evaporator was fabricated via chemical vapor deposition polymerization (CVDP) of hydrophobic polypyrrole (PPy) on PSF HFMs. With rational 3D structure, capillary-driven water transportation property, optical absorption as high as 95%, heat localization, photothermal conversion, a solar-driven water evaporation rate of 2.6 kg m−2·h−1, and the conversion efficiency of 173.2% could be achieved. Furthermore, the HFM tree with affluent light-harvesting, efficient thermal management, and excellent stability showed a purified water collection efficiency of 14.18 L/(m2·day) in practical application, providing a latent way to boost water purification, regeneration, and desalination.

Hamiltonian structure of rational isomonodromic deformation systems

The Hamiltonian approach to isomonodromic deformation systems is extended to include generic rational covariant derivative operators on the Riemann sphere with irregular singularities of arbitrary Poincaré rank. The space of rational connections with given pole degrees carries a natural Poisson structure corresponding to the standard classical rational R-matrix structure on the dual space L*gl(r) of the loop algebra Lgl(r). Nonautonomous isomonodromic counterparts of isospectral systems generated by spectral invariants are obtained by identifying deformation parameters as Casimir elements on the phase space. These are shown to coincide with higher Birkhoff invariants determining local asymptotics near to irregular singular points, together with the pole loci. Pairs consisting of Birkhoff invariants, together with the corresponding dual spectral invariant Hamiltonians, appear as “mirror images” matching, at each pole, the negative power coefficients in the principal part of the Laurent expansion of the fundamental meromorphic differential on the associated spectral curve with the corresponding positive power terms in the analytic part. Infinitesimal isomonodromic deformations are shown to be generated by the sum of the Hamiltonian vector field and an explicit derivative vector field that is transversal to the symplectic foliation. The Casimir elements serve as coordinates complementing those along the symplectic leaves, defining a local symplectomorphism between them. The explicit derivative vector fields preserve the Poisson structure and define a flat transversal connection, spanning an integrable distribution whose leaves may be identified as the orbits of a free Abelian local group action. The projection of infinitesimal isomonodromic deformation vector fields to the quotient manifold under this action gives commuting Hamiltonian vector fields corresponding to the spectral invariants dual to the Birkhoff invariants and the pole loci.

Environment-Interactive Programmable Deformation of Electronically Innervated Synergistic Fluorescence-Color/Shape Changeable Hydrogel Actuators.

Utilization of life-like hydrogels to replicate synergistic shape/color changeable behaviors of living organisms has been long envisaged to produce robust functional integrated soft actuators/robots. However, it remains challenging to construct such hydrogel systems with integrated functionality of remote, localized and environment-interactive control over synergistic discoloration/actuation. Herein, inspired by the evolution-optimized bioelectricity stimulus and multilayer structure of natural reptile skins, electronically innervated fluorescence-color switchable hydrogel actuating systems with bio-inspired multilayer structure comprising of responsive fluorescent hydrogel sheet and conductive Graphene/PDMS film with electrothermal effect is presented. Such rational structure enables remote control over synergistic fluorescence-color and shape changes of the systems via the cascading "electrical trigger-Joule heat generation-hydrogel shrinkage" mechanism. Consequently, local/sequential control of discoloration/actuation are achieved due to the highly controllable electrical stimulus in terms of amplitude and circuit design. Furthermore, by joint use with acoustic sensors, soft chameleon robots with unprecedented environment-interactive adaptation are demonstrated, which can intelligently sense environment signals to adjust their color/shape-changeable behaviors. This work opens previously unidentified avenues for functional integrated soft actuators/robots and will inspire life-like intelligent systems for versatile uses.

Rational Engineering of an Improved Genetically Encoded pH Sensor Based on Superecliptic pHluorin.

Genetically encoded pH sensors based on fluorescent proteins are valuable tools for the imaging of cellular events that are associated with pH changes, such as exocytosis and endocytosis. Superecliptic pHluorin (SEP) is a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant widely used for such applications. Here, we report the rational design, development, structure, and applications of Lime, an improved SEP variant with higher fluorescence brightness and greater pH sensitivity. The X-ray crystal structure of Lime supports the mechanistic rationale that guided the introduction of beneficial mutations. Lime provides substantial improvements relative to SEP for imaging of endocytosis and exocytosis. Furthermore, Lime and its variants are advantageous for a broader range of applications including the detection of synaptic release and neuronal voltage changes.

Efficient catalyst layer with ultra-low Pt loading for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Developing rational structure of catalyst layer with high stability and efficient mass transport to maximize the utilization of Pt is critical to fabricate proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with ultra-low Pt loading down to <100 µg cm−2. Herein, a newly designed catalyst layer with ultra-low Pt loading for PEMFC was developed using a three-dimensional graphene network (3D-GN). In the process, 3D-GN was directly grown onto an Al foil by arc discharge method, and then Pt nanoparticles were deposited by via electron beam evaporation, after the impregnation of Nafion solution and non-destructive transfer onto Nafion membrane, the electrode with Pt/3D-GN was finally fabricated. The 3D-GN possesses unique characteristics of self-supporting structure of graphene nanosheets with 3–7 layers of graphitic lattices, a high macro-porous pore volume of 19.93 mL g−1 and graphitic degree up to 74.9 %, which can provide a stable framework to support Pt nanoparticles and efficient mass transport pathways. The Pt/3D-GN as the cathode can achieve a high cell performance at ultra-low Pt loading, compared to the conventional carbon nanosphere-based electrode (CN). The maximum power density of Pt/3D-GN with 50.8 μgPt cm−2 is 1.31 W cm−2 (H2/O2, 150 kPa) and 0.64 W cm−2 (H2/Air, 150 kPa), higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrode with 100 µgPt cm−2 1.25 W cm−2 and 0.55 W cm−2 respectively. Meanwhile, the Pt/3D-GN also demonstrates excellent stability with 32 % lose after 30 k cycles (0.6 V and 0.95 V) and only 8 % decay after 5 k cycles (1.0 V–1.5 V vs RHE). The outstanding properties of 3D GN-based electrode with high activity and stability provides a new flexible platform for developing high-performance ultra-low Pt loading PEMFCs.

Regulating cathode surface hydroxyl chemistry enables superior potassium storage

Potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (KVPO4F) is regarded as a promising cathode candidate for potassium-ion batteries due to its high working voltage and satisfactory theoretical capacity. However, the usage of electrochemically inactive binders and redundant current collectors typically results in inferior electrochemical performance and low energy density, thus implying the important role of rational electrode structure design. Herein, we have reported a scalable and cost-effective synthesis of a cellulose-derived KVPO4F self-supporting electrode, which features a special surface hydroxyl chemistry, three-dimensional porous and conductive framework, as well as super flexible and stable architecture. The cellulose not only serves as a flexible substrate, a pore-forming agent, and a versatile binder for KVPO4F/conductive carbon but also enhances the K-ion migration ability. Benefiting from the special hydroxyl chemistry-induced storage mechanism and electrode structural stability, the flexible freestanding KVPO4F cathode exhibits high-rate performance (53.0% capacity retention with current densities increased 50-fold, from 0.2 C to 10 C) and impressive cycling stability (capacity retention up to 74.9% can be achieved over 1,000 cycles at a rate of 5 C). Such electrode design and surface engineering strategies, along with a deeper understanding of potassium storage mechanisms, provide invaluable guidance for better electrode design to boost the performance of potassium-ion energy storage systems.

PRIORITY AREAS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY REGULATION IN THE IT SPHERE

Introduction. The domestic market of Ukraine is not able to ensure the consumption of all products and services offered by manufacturers, so companies are forced to expand sales markets. Accordingly, they enter foreign markets, where there is strong competition from foreign enterprises. This encourages Ukrainian enterprises to define strategic directions of development, improve export activities, and improve product quality, which enables domestic enterprises to achieve long-term competitive advantages.&#x0D; That is why the effective foreign economic activity of enterprises contributes to the reproduction of export potential, increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian IT products and services on world markets, the formation of a rational structure of export and import, and the attraction of foreign investments.&#x0D; The hypothesis of the scientific research consists in the substantiation consists in the substantiation of methodological provisions regarding the foreign economic policy of the enterprise under study in the context of general trends in the development of the international market of IT services.&#x0D; The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological tasks and practical recommendations for the formation of foreign economic vectors of the IT company.&#x0D; The methodology of the scientific research is the formation of recommendations regarding the improvement of the formation of the IT company's foreign economic strategy based on the application of general theoretical and specific research methods, in particular: theoretical generalization; classification and systematization; analytical method; methods of logical generalization and modeling.&#x0D; Conclusions and prospects for further research. In order to increase the efficiency of the enterprise's foreign economic activity, it is advisable to identify those countries that are attractive for further cooperation, to analyze the existing foreign economic relations and to highlight promising directions of development. The main goal should be a thorough analysis of the international trade system, the economic environment of the country where the penetration will be carried out, and it is also necessary to take into account the political, legal and cultural features of its environment.&#x0D; An important factor in improving foreign economic activity is the assessment and analysis of the company's strengths and weaknesses.&#x0D; Keywords: globalization; foreign economic activity; competitiveness; modeling; international trade; international IT market.

FORMATION OF A RATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR MANAGING THE DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES OF THE ENTERPRISE'S HUMAN RESOURCES POTENTIAL

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodological decision-making tools for the formation of a rational management structure of the dynamic capabilities of the company's personnel potential. It has been scientifically substantiated and proven that the formation of a rational management structure for the dynamic capabilities of the company's personnel potential is based on the development of a dynamic model of their assessment. The model is presented taking into account the integration of the dynamic capabilities of the enterprise, its personnel and processes business environment’s transformation.The research uses the methods of system analysis and logical generalizations, the statistical concept of dynamic capabilities, the methods of the theory of active systems, the theory of hierarchical games, financial mathematics, and the theory of optimal control of continuous and discrete systems. Updated directions of the managing formation process of a rational structure of the company's personnel potential.The proposed model for assessing the dynamic capabilities of the company's personnel potential allows for optimizing the utility function of personnel resources. Optimizing the usefulness of human resources takes place on the basis of determining the level of their dynamic capabilities to integrate, create and change the configuration of internal and external competencies to achieve sustainable competitiveness of the enterprise.The model for assessing the dynamic capabilities of the company's personnel resources determines the competencies of personnel, business systems and strategies for its development. The use of the proposed model to determine the dynamic capabilities of the enterprise regarding the reconfiguration of available human resources allows us to focus on the relevant behavioural aspects of enterprise managers and limitations, taking into account the exchange between the internal and external environment.

VII. Entspricht das jetzt dem Volksgeist? Geltungsfragen im „Heutigen Römischen Recht“

Summary Does this comply with the “Volksgeist” now? Questions of validity in “Modern Roman Law”. The article examines the impact of the “Volksgeist” (national spirit), as the basis of the theory of legal sources developed by the Historical School of Law, on methodological history. Although in 1814 Savigny used the term “sensing the principles”, the methodological history, even nowadays, assumes that the “Volksgeist” exclusively contains rational structures and is therefore ‘reasonable’. Still and despite all doubts concerning this concept, the “Volksgeist” is merged with “Begriffsjurisprudenz” (conceptual jurisprudence). In contrast, this article develops a methodological program of the Historical School of Law in which rational approaches were always accompanied by irrational ones, appealing to intuition, a sense of justice, and a ‘child-like sense’ as an access to truth. Viewed from a philosophical perspective, the decisive key terms, introduced by Savigny in 1814, are “nature, fate and need”. Methodologically, the focus reveals, around the special significance of “analogy”, the “nature of things”, the “practical needs” and the “sense of justice” as ways to contribute to the legal cognition.

Assessment of the influence of factors on the formation of the management structure of a competent organization

An important task of Ukrainian organizations in the context of the intensification of European integration processes is to ensure competence on the European market and the ability to compete with organizations of the European Union countries, which directs the efforts of managers to find ways to optimize management structures as part of a set of measures to increase the level of organizational competence. The purpose of the article was to justify the factors of external and internal influence that should be taken into account when building the management structure of the organization in the context of acquiring competence on the European market. To achieve the goal, the methods of content analysis, logical analysis and generalization, analysis of hierarchies, pairwise comparisons, dialectical and expert methods have been used. It is substantiated that in the conditions of Ukraine’s accession to the European economic space, it is important to shift the perspective of attention from external circumstances to internal organizational properties, to their competence, which is evidence of knowledge, experience, and skills to perform effective activities, a prerequisite for successful competition of organizations with European producers. The determination of the management structure of organizations as the basis of activity, the guarantee of adaptive properties, have allowed to consider it as a factor of organizational competence and effective functioning in the European environment. The dynamism of the requirements of the European market has been given the status of a priority task of analyzing the factors influencing the formation of the management structure of the organization as a prerequisite for ensuring its competence. An online survey of heads of Ukrainian organizations has made it possible to choose the most significant factors of influence based on the criteria of the strength of influence, cost and duration of prevention of a negative influence. The necessity of priority consideration of the selected factors during the construction of the management structure of the organization for its timely adjustment and improvement of adaptive properties has been proven. Formulated conclusions and recommendations will be useful to managers who strive to form a rational management structure in accordance with the goals and objectives of the organization, which will ensure the coordination of the efforts of employees, a quick reaction to the influence of internal and external factors, increasing the level of organizational competence

Insight into novel Fe3C/Mo2C@carbonized polyaniline activated PMS for parachlorophenol degradation: Key roles of Mo2+, C=O bonds and N-doping

Developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts are of great importance for utilizing peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) toward environment remediation. In this work, a novel composites Fe3C/Mo2C@CPANI are synthesized via hydrothermal and calcination with a precursor of metal salt and PANI. The derived Fe3C and Mo2C nanoparticles are wrapped into the nitrogen-doped carbon layer thanks to the rationally structure design, which can not only suppress metal ions leaching but also promote carbocatalysis by synergistic effect. The as-synthesized catalyst exhibited excellent performance in activating PMS with a fast 4-CP degradation rate (k = 0.79 min−1). On the basis of surface chemistry analysis, the graphite N, C=O group, Fe2+ and Mo2+ are considered to be active sites that responsible for PMS activation. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and competitive quenching test both witnessed the existence of SO4•−, •OH, O2•− and 1O2 in the Fe3C/Mo2C@CPANI-0.1/PMS system, while SO4•− and 1O2 are considered as dominant reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Additionally, the influences of various reaction parameters on 4-CP removal were systematically investigated, where Fe3C/Mo2C@CPANI-0.1 could maintain its catalytic capacity under different conditions. This study proposes a facile method for fabricating metal carbide/carbon hybrids with rational structure and brings new insights into the radical/nonradical pathway in PMS activation process.

MEMS sensor based on MOF-derived WO3-C/In2O3 heterostructures for hydrogen detection

Rational structure design of sensing materials is the most effective way to obtain a hydrogen (H2) sensor with optimal performance. Herein, a porous heterostructure WO3-C/In2O3 was designed and prepared by in-situ coupling carbon layer and WO3 into MOF-derived (metal organic framework) In2O3. In combination with Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS), a miniature H2 sensor using WO3-C/In2O3 as the active sensing material was fabricated. Compared with the bare In2O3 sensor, the sensor based on WCI-9 (the mass ratio of WO3 to In2O3 in WO3-C/In2O3 is 9 wt%) shows higher response value and lower operating temperature (Ra/Rg = 10.11@ 1000 ppm; 250 °C). Moreover, the WCI-9 sensor possesses a fast response-recovery speed (1.9/9.2 s@200 ppm) and a low limit of detection (LOD) (5 ppm) for H2. The good performance of the WCI-9 sensor is attributed to the hierarchical porous structure and multicomponent heterojunctions present in the material. This work not only provides an effective method for H2 detection, but also a strategy for constructing sensing materials with multicomponent heterojunctions.

Kebenaran Ilmiah

Truth is an eternal question for humans in every basic age; truth is that which exists or does not exist. Truth is only possible when something exists. The truth is very important, but the issue of the truth is very relative, because maybe today it is true, but tomorrow it may not be true. Therefore, in finding the truth, this paper will reveal the criteria for determining that everything that exists can be categorized as true. closely related to the qualitative approach. The descriptive analytic method is an as-is description that comes from a place or character who is the perpetrator of an event; it can also come from a character whose thoughts are involved by collecting data from literature related to discussions about the meaning, theory, and nature of scientific truth. The results of this study are: The meaning of scientific truth is a state that is correct, in accordance with things or conditions that actually exist and really exist, and is true if these truths are the truths taught by religion. Theories of truth consist of correspondence theory, coherence theory, pragmatic theory, and performative theory. The nature of scientific truth consists of three characteristics, namely: a rational and logical structure, which is empirical, and the last is pragmatic.

Rationally designed Ni2P/C composite membrane with enhanced electrochemical reversibility and stability for lithium-ion storage

Ni2P/C composite membrane featured with graphene-like Ni2P-in-carbon structural units is successfully constructed by the self-assembly of Ni-pentanediol alkoxide nanosheets and subsequent temperature-controlled phosphatization. The in-situ formed carbon membrane matrix can not merely effectively alleviate structural stress caused by volume variation of inlaid Ni2P upon cycling, but also facilitate the ions/electrons transport kinetics with abundant ions/electrons pathways. Thanks to the rational composite structure, Ni2P/C composite membrane demonstrates outstanding electrochemical stability and delivers reversible capacities up to 709.7 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at 1 A g−1 and 636.7/494.6 mAh g−1 after cycling 1000 times at 2/4 A g−1. Besides, Ni2P/C composite membrane//LiCoO2 full-cells display satisfying practicability with reliable capacities of 558.5/402.4 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at high rates of 1/4 A g−1. This integrated design and fabrication strategy can offer new ideas to construct advanced membrane materials with rational composite structure for various application scenarios.

Rational Fabrication of Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Chemical Analysis Applications.

The rapid development of advanced material science boosts novel chemical analytical technologies for effective pretreatment and sensitive sensing applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food security, biomedicines, and human health. Ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) emerge as a class of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with electrically charged frames or pores as well as predesigned molecular and topological structures, large specific surface area, high crystallinity, and good stability. Benefiting from the pore size interception effect, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, and recognizing group load, iCOFs exhibit the promising ability to extract specific analytes and enrich trace substances from samples for accurate analysis. On the other hand, the stimuli response of iCOFs and their composites to electrochemical, electric, or photo-irradiating sources endows them as potential transducers for biosensing, environmental analysis, surroundings monitoring, etc. In this review, we summarized the typical construction of iCOFs and focused on their rational structure design for analytical extraction/enrichment and sensing applications in recent years. The important role of iCOFs in the chemical analysis was fully highlighted. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of iCOF-based analytical technologies were also discussed, which may be beneficial to provide a solid foundation for further design and application of iCOFs.

An enhanced MEMS-based polyimide capacitive-type relative-humidity sensor with halloysite nanotube as a modifier

Polymers have been widely used in the fabrication of humidity sensing materials, although, issues including sensitivity and hysteresis still exist, limiting its potential. Herein, we aim to enhance the humidity sensing performances of a polyimide (PI) capacitive-type relative-humidity sensor via a simple and efficient approach. Specifically, modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were doped in the polyimide sensing layer to optimize the humidity sensing capabilities of the MEMS (Micro-electromechanical Systems)-based sensor. The configurational and morphological characteristic of the sensing membrane with different content of the nanofiller were characterized. The humidity sensing capabilities of the enhanced sensors were investigated under the relative humidity (RH) range of 10–90%. Owing to the rational structure design of the sensing layer, the modified sensor exhibited enhanced sensitivity, low humidity hysteresis and good linearity. The highest sensitivity of the device with the best overall performance reached 0.87 pF/%RH, which is 1.81 times that of the pure PI based humidity sensor. Meanwhile, the sensor maintained moderate humidity hysteresis (2.18%) as well as good linearity (R2 = 0.9813) within the humidity boundary from 10 to 90% RH. The aforementioned advantages of the PI-HNTs-NH2 based humidity sensor demonstrate its promising application in humidity measurement. As a low-cost and effective additive, HNTs own great application potential in the preparation of polymer sensing devices. This work provides valuable guidance for fabricating humidity sensors with outstanding sensing performances.

Die Logik des Neides Eine kantianische Analyse

The phenomenon of envy has mostly been analyzed as a special form of a subject???s emotion or feeling. However, its rational structure and moral-psychological dimension have rarely been analyzed in detail. In this paper I argue that envy is not only an unpleasant complex emotion but rather a highly interesting attitude and strategy, which consists in finding reasons for denying another person the recognition she actually deserves. Envious people systematically confuse envy with justified moral resentment. This rationalizing denial of recognition is due to a form of rational self-deception by the envious person. I will analyze this strategy of envy in more detail by referring to John Rawls???s conception of justice and Immanuel Kant???s concept of rationalizing. I shall conclude by arguing that envy is characterized by a paradoxical structure, which consists in the fact that we never consciously and willingly envy, so that the speech act “I envy you” implies a performative contradiction.