Structured Interview Approach Research Articles

Self-Medication Pattern among Customers in a Community Pharmacy

Self-medication is a common practice carried out by the community. This practice is increasingly popular due to the increasing number of OTC products being marketed and the increase in public knowledge due to advances in information technology. This cross-sectional research was conducted at a community pharmacy by collecting data using a structured interview approach to document self-medication practices carried out by customers. A total of 285 customers were interviewed. The Mean age was 30.54 years old. The majority of them were female (74.4%), students (57.2%), and had secondary-level education (72.3%). The majority of the customers came to the pharmacy to continue their medicines which were bought before the day of the visit (60.4%). The dominant factor that influenced the customers to buy the medicines was the experience of using previous medicines (34.9%). Related to a question about customer's adherence to drug regimen, the majority of them (71.5%) answered 'always' and 'often', meanwhile to question about customers' practice if the medicine could not produce the desired effect, the majority of them (75%) answered 'stopping the medicines and seeking professional advice's. The total number of medicines that were bought by the customers were 375 items (mean 1.27 + 0.51), consisting of scheduled poison medicines, OTC medicines, vitamin/mineral supplement, and phyto-medica.

The Minibus Taxi Industry’s Communication Strategies in Dealing with Linguistic Diversity on the Way to Business Leadership: The Case of South Africa

Informal businesses, such as the minibus taxi industry, positively contribute to the country’s economy whilst providing an essential public transport service to the linguistically diverse communities of multilingual South Africa. The systematisation of the scientific literature on the development of the minibus taxi industry proved the absence of comprehensive studies aimed at understanding the communication strategies that taxi operators use among themselves and when interacting with passengers. This paper aims to investigate the types of language strategies that take place in six taxi associations in which IsiZulu and English are the two dominant languages. This investigation is conducted against the multilingual context of the country and its attractiveness as an international and domestic tourist destination to determine how the business leadership in the taxi industry responds. The article’s theoretical framework draws from the transformative paradigm as it enables one to explore the experiences of marginalised communities. In this case, the marginalised communities are the taxi operators who stand to benefit from appropriate communication strategies. By taking the initiative and showing “agency”, they direct their efforts to solve existing problems in communication with passengers. The qualitative approach was adopted as a research methodology in which the researcher selected a structured interview approach. It involved interviews with twenty-four taxi operators and drivers who were purposefully selected in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The participants gave an account of their experiences of bi-/multilingualism in the taxi industry during taxi association meetings, when interacting informally among themselves and in their communication with passengers. The results of the analysis of the responses of the respondents showed that the communication strategies used to mediate challenges posed by linguistic diversity are translation, interpretation, slang and language dominance. It is concluded that through their agency and by taking initiatives to deal with linguistic challenges in the eThekwini taxi industry, the economically marginalised are to be commended for being able to resolve impediments to their economic growth.

Living with Substance Abused Spouse: A Phenomenological Approach

Introduction: Substance abuse is social problem throughout the world due to which not only the life of addicted person but also his families especially his spouses are also affected. Aim: The current study aimed to explore the lived experiences of the spouses of substance abused men and the impact of their husband addiction problem on different aspects of their lives. Material and Method: The design of this study was a cross sectional study design and this study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore. A sample size of eight (N=8) were recruited. Interview guide consists of open ended questions which were developed for the purpose of data collection. Semi structured interview approach was employed for conducting interview. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results: Results from analysis yielded eleven super ordinate themes. These includes social support, challenges on societal level, unhealthy home environment, unhealthy relationship supportive wife, financial instability, physiological problems, psychological complaints, change in personality, concerned mother and religious coping. Conclusion: The results will contribute to understanding the impact of substance abuse of men on their spouses. It will help in developing an educational program for those people who are the risk by increasing their awareness and changing their behavior for preventing addiction problem and will also aid in developing counseling plans for the spouses of substance abusers. Keywords: Substance abuse, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, Financial Instability, Religious Coping

Characteristics of Successful International Pharmacy Partnerships

Recommendations for global pharmacy collaborations are predominately derived from US institutions. This study utilized semi-structured interviews of global collaborators to assess important partnership components. Interviewees stated personal connections and understanding of each other's programs/systems were key components. Additionally, collaborators indicate that mutual benefits between partners can exist without the requirement for bidirectional exchange of learning experiences, and request and value partners and learners who are culturally aware, global citizens. This structured interview approach provided key insight into how to develop mutually beneficial, sustainable partnerships and provides additional confirmation that the five pillars of global engagement align with an international audience.

Capabilities, opportunities and motivations that drive food waste disposal practices: A case study of young adults in England

Data in England suggests that food waste is still being disposed into the black bin, also known as residual waste, despite continuous efforts to promote separate food waste collection and food waste reduction practices. Furthermore, it has been anecdotally reported that 18 to 30-year-olds have the highest propensity to generate large amounts of food waste and thus need to be urgently engaged in communication that helps them change their behaviour. This study aims to explore young adults' capabilities (C), opportunities (O), and motivations (M) that may lead to a certain behaviour (B) towards food waste disposal practices (FWDP) grounded on the Behaviour Change Wheel, also called the COM-B model, and could reveal barriers to action. In doing so, a case study approach is used via Harrow Council residents in England within the age group of 18–30 years old. The study took place amid the national lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic and targeted young residents within the 18–30 age group using a structured interview approach with a diagnostic questionnaire promoted through Harrow Council's social media account, followed by in-depth interviews with eligible participants. Out of the 30 residents who completed the diagnostic questionnaire, 35% reported no FWDP, 42% partial FWDP (i.e., some incorrect items in the black bin waste), and 23% reported engaging in FWDP. The first two groups only were invited to the online interviews. The interview results are organised using the COM-B model and reveal that: 1) due to Covid-19 there was a shift to home cooking and increased food waste generation (B); 2) there is a lack of FWDP knowledge, information on benefits, and advice on alleviating pests/health concerns from councils, whereas FWDP differences between councils and reliance on ‘common sense’ often create confusion around FWDP (C); 3) the council may not always provide a caddy or a drop-off/collection service, whereas economic (caddy liners purchase) and logistic concerns (e.g., the lack of a regular collection schedule, unfavourable features of the caddy, and lack of prompts/reminders) resulted to limited uptake of FWDP as the norm (O); 4) the benefits of FWDP do not outweigh costs, while feelings of disgust and a sense of inconvenience lead to lack of or partial FWDP (M). To our knowledge, this is the first study using the COM-B model within the context of FWDP and with a specific focus on young adults in England. Novel theoretical and practical insights are discussed, along with limitations and future research directions.

Supply Chain Management to Overcome Demotivation in Adopting Industrialised Building System of Malaysian Construction Industry

Low adoption rate of Industrialized Building System (IBS) is an issue in Malaysian construction industry. Promoting its use is one of the initiatives of the Malaysian Construction Industry Transformation Program. As incentives have been offered by the government to the IBS adopters, low adoption rates are seen to be potentially due to demotivation of the contractors. This paper reports on the progress to date of a Ph.D. research project aimed on Supply Chain Management (SCM) framework development on to increase the IBS adoption by contractors. Supported by successful examples in the UK, there is confidence that the proposed SCM framework would bring positive results if implemented in Malaysia. Malaysian Public sector governance has identified the potential of SCM and aimed to utilize it through the Construction Industry Transformation Program 2016. A thorough review of literatures, survey and structured interview approach will be used to achieve the research objectives. The outcome of the research will be the groundwork that addresses the root demotivating factors and determine the SCM tools implementation to diminish them.

Assessing the Digital Mindset - Using Explicit Scales to Measure an Implicit Phenomenon

The ‘digital mindset’ is frequently raised by both researchers and practitioners to be an essential factor of the human side of digitalization to successfully cope with the arising challenges of digitalization. Despite existing conceptualizations of the construct, the literature provides no operationalization usable for quantitative research, so far. Our research pursues the goal to address the question of how the digital mindset can be measured. Using a multi-method approach, a literature- and Delphi study-based initial scale has been developed and empirically validated with 156 and 147 participants was developed. Based on this initial scale, we developed to further survey scales and a structured interview approach as alternative measures for the digital mindset. In a pilot-study with 18 participants, the correlations of the answers from using the different measures indicates that the developed survey scales can serve as quite accurate proxies for the qualitative approach, which is assumed to measure the ‘true’ level of the digital mindset. In the future, researchers can choose from different scales based on their requirements for precision and efficiency (i.e., time needed to complete the survey items).

Sex trafficking screening and intervention in the emergency department: A scoping review.

IntroductionHuman sex trafficking is a global public health crisis. Emergency departments (EDs) are important access points for trafficked persons who seek medical care. However, because of victims’ hesitancy to disclose their situation and health care practitioners' lack of training and institutional protocols, many trafficked persons go unrecognized.MethodsWe performed a scoping review of current literature. PubMed, SCOPUS, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. We aimed to identify gaps in knowledge and shortcomings to assist this vulnerable population. Two reviewers independently screened literature search results and abstracted data from included studies. Descriptive analysis was conducted.ResultsWe selected and analyzed 23 studies that focused on adult human sex trafficking identification, screening, interventions, or education in the ED. Eight (35%) of the publications used a survey model to quantitatively assess outcomes. Many of the other publications were descriptive or qualitative in nature, with some using a structured interview approach. We have observed that no validated or consistent screening tool exists for the identification of possible adult trafficked patients in the ED. However, we found that educational interventions and screening tools can improve health care practitioners’ confidence, victim identification, and knowledge of “next steps” for victims.ConclusionsWe found that most ED clinicians and staff have little or no formal training in sex trafficking victim identification, support, institutional protocols, or available local resources. Our review demonstrates a paucity of formal training programs, validated adult screening tools, and standardized institutional protocols to aid in the care of trafficked patients in the ED.

Ecotourism Development in Bangka Islands: An Exploratory Study on Participation and Expectations of Local Stakeholders

Participation and expectations in the discourse of local ecotourism development are important and strategic aspects that need to be seriously addressed and managed. Both have close relation in the succession of local ecotourism. Bangka Belitung Islands in recent years has continued to make various efforts to optimize various local ecotourism development and development spaces, particularly in the context of preparing post-tin economy. Of course there are so many challenges and issues related to the process of local socio-economic transformation on the island of Bangka, especially the transition from the era of extractivism to tourism. In the midst of stretching the local government that continues to initiate and optimize various destinations and attractions that are quite potential and varied on Bangka Island, it is necessary to design policies that also address from various views, criticisms, aspirations and constructive input, both from the public, the government, local ecotourism actors and stakeholders. Based from this context, this study seeks to explore in depth related to the reality of participation and expectations that have surfaced at the local ecotourism level so far. This study in turn also aims to examine critically related various input, ideas, and narrative-constructive notes in the flow of local ecotourism management. Through a qualitative analysis method with an in-depth and structured interview approach, and strengthened by in-depth observations in the field, this study concludes that the context of participation and coordination among stakeholders has begun to develop, but it still seems to be not optimal because it tends to 'run' individually. This research also concludes that at least an important problem that arises is the unequal context of inter-regional ecotourism development in accordance with the varied potential of each region. In addition, there are weaknesses in terms of infrastructure and ecotourism infrastructure and access to transportation that is still limited or not sufficient enough for high tourist mobility. Furthermore, there are still some weaknesses related to governance and optimizing the potential for local ecotourism, both physical and non-physical aspects, which in fact require serious attention and cooperation through integrative commitments and interwoven strategic alliances, both by local governments, ecotourism actors, mass media, and all tourism stakeholders on Bangka Island.

Implementation of an Alcohol Screening, Brief Intervention, and a Referral Program at a Community Level II Trauma Center.

Trauma is the leading cause of years of potential life lost in the United States. Alcohol and drug use is a significant contributing factor. In 2017, a Level II community trauma center was achieving less than 80% screening rate compliance utilizing blood alcohol level as a screening method for trauma patients. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the implementation of a screening, brief intervention, and a referral-to-treatment service program. In 2018, the trauma program adopted structured interviews as a screening method for trauma patients. The injury prevention coordinator conducted structured interviews as a screening method for trauma patients who met inclusion criteria. High-risk patients were referred to the social worker, who conducted a brief evaluation with subsequent referral to treatment. One year after the implementation of a structured interview approach, 1,021 trauma patients met inclusion criteria for this retrospective evaluation. From 2017 to 2018, the program observed an 86% statistically significant increase in screening using the structured interview SBIRT program (p < .0001) compared with the prior alcohol-level screening approach. On the basis of these data, a structured interview screening method demonstrated a significant improvement in screening compliance rates.

Armand W. Loranger (1930-2019).

Memorializes Armand W. Loranger (1930-2019). A preeminent authority on personality pathology, Loranger was known internationally as a scholar who transformed the diagnosis of personality disorders through the development of a systematic structured interview approach, moving the field away from decades of less reliable methods. Loranger's research reflected his broad range of clinical interests and included numerous publications on diagnosis and classification, psychopharmacology, genetics, and epidemiology, involving schizophrenia, dementia, mood disorders, and the personality disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Tell us about your leadership style: A structured interview approach for assessing leadership behavior constructs

It is widely recognized that leadership behaviors drive leaders' success. But despite the importance of assessing leadership behavior for selection and development, current measurement practices are limited. This study contributes to the literature by examining the structured interview method as a potential approach to assess leadership behavior. To this end, we developed a structured interview measuring constructs from Yukl's (2012) leadership taxonomy. Supervisors in diverse positions participated in the interview as part of a leadership assessment program. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the assumption that leadership constructs could be assessed as distinct interview dimensions. Results further showed that interview ratings predicted a variety of leadership outcomes (supervisors' annual income, ratings of situational leader effectiveness, subordinates' well-being and affective organizational commitment) beyond other relevant predictors. Findings offer implications on how to identify leaders who have a positive impact on their subordinates, and they inform us about conceptual differences between leadership measures.

Getting Us There: Ride‐Hailing Systems from the Drivers' Perspectives

Now that they are beyond the initial start‐up phase, it is time to take a critical look at ride‐hailing systems such as Uber and Lyft. This ethnographic case study investigates these systems from the drivers' perspectives and also addresses the ethnographic techniques and general approach that we used. Without a protocol, budget or equipment, we interviewed approximately 150 Uber, Lyft, and Taxi drivers in 23 US cities over 2 years during paid rides. Our loosely structured interview approach allowed us to collect information from drivers regarding the entire gamut of their jobs. This included how and why drivers work, their choice of work hours, rider pickups, driving, vehicle ownership and maintenance, rider behavior, perceptions of safety / danger, navigation, general likes and dislikes of the system, and financial matters related to their business. Our findings cover a wide range of issues, some bearing on poorly designed or missing functionality in the driver's mobile apps, but also spanning social, emotional, financial, and behavioral issues that impact the drivers. These issues directly relate to decision making, worker autonomy, and human agency.

EFFECT OF IPAD USE ON SAUDI CHILDREN’S CLASSIFICATION OF AND JUSTIFICATIONS REGARDING LIVING THINGS: A SOCIO-CULTURAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE

This semi-empirical research utilises a structured interview interview approach to explore Saudi children’s ideas about living things and to examine the effects of iPad use based on a socio-cultural perspective involving group work and discussion. The sample comprised 40 grade 1 children; 20 were empirically taught using iPads according to a socio-cultural perspective, and 20 were taught in the traditional teaching style. The structured interview approach in which children classified 21 cards (7 animals, 7 plants, and 7 artefacts) as living or nonliving things. The results indicated that children had varied misconceptions regarding the classification of and justifications about living things, especially regarding plants. The use of iPads according to a socio-cultural perspective had a positive effect on children’s knowledge development. Children in the iPad group performed better in categorising different types of animals and plants and in justifying their views.

Patients’ perspective of a dedicated biologic clinic for inflammatory arthritis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the patient’s perspective on a dedicated clinic set up for patients diagnosed with an inflammatory arthritis who are being treated with a biologic. It proposes that dedicated clinics offer better overall care. The aim of this quality improvement survey is to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction with this clinic and identify any unmet needs.Design/methodology/approachThis study was based on a quality improvement survey, which was developed using Zineldin’s five qualities model and assessed various aspects pertaining to service quality and improvement. A structured interview approach was used and 44 consecutive patients were recruited.FindingsThis paper explores key aspects that influence patient satisfaction within a rheumatology outpatient setting such as education on arthritis and biologics and involvement in decision making. It provides insight on what patients value most and it also addresses organizational aspects that can have an impact on patient satisfaction. It suggests that service quality can be linked to the degree of patient satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsDirect interviewing of patients could have introduced a source of bias whilst questions are being answered. On the other hand, it provided an opportunity to clarify instantly any doubts and therefore avoiding any inadvertent errors.Practical implicationsThis paper reinforces that specialized clinics enable the caring rheumatologist to provide better care for patients on biologics. Service providers should continue developing their services around the patient’s needs and perspectives in order to continue improving the service.Social implicationsDedicated biologic clinics allow more judicious monitoring of patients who are taking these highly efficacious but costly medications.Originality/valueThis survey has reinforced that patients highly value dedicated clinics. These results strengthen the case that healthcare services should continue investing on specialized clinics.

What are the requirements for patient-centered breast imaging? Communication preferences of mammography patients in Turkey

We have investigated communication preferences of mammography results in 90 patients through a structured interview approach. About 81% of patients expressed that they wanted to get the results, and 18% expressed that getting the results does not help if they are incomprehensible. In patients who want to get the results, 80% preferred face-to-face interaction with physicians, whereas the others preferred other modes of communication to prevent loss of time. Majority of patients infavor of face-to-face interaction (57%) preferred both the referring physician and the radiologist. Comprehensibility and fast delivery of reports, plus direct communication with radiologists are the requirements in mammography patients while implementing patient-centered radiology.

Utilisation of hospital information systems for medical research in Saudi Arabia: A mixed-method exploration of the views of healthcare and IT professionals involved in hospital database management systems.

Although in recent times the Saudi government has paid much attention to the adaptation of hospital information systems (HIS) and electronic medical records (EMR), the importance of utilising HIS to enhance medical research has been neglected. We aimed to (i) investigate the current state of medical research in Saudi Arabia, (ii) identify possible issues that hinder improvement of medical research and (iii) identify possible solutions to enhance the role of HIS in medical research in Saudi Arabia. We used a questionnaire and structured interview approach. Questionnaires were distributed to Saudi healthcare professionals. One hundred responses to our questionnaire were captured by the online Google Form designed specifically for our survey. Structured interviews with two IT professionals were conducted regarding technical aspects of their hospital data management systems. Six themes contributing to the inefficacy of HIS in medical research in Saudi Arabia emerged from the data: incorrect datasets, difficult data collection and storage, poor data analytics, a lack of system interoperability across different HIS for universal access and negative perception of the usefulness of HIS for medical research. Our findings suggest (i) cloud-based HIS would support efficient, reliable and integrated data collection and storage across all hospitals in Saudi Arabia; (ii) EMR data sources should be seamlessly linked to avoid incomplete, fragmented or erroneous EMR in Saudi Arabia; and (iii) collaboration between all hospitals in Saudi Arabia to adopt a uniform standard to support interoperability and improve data exchange and integration is necessary.

A Single Case Narrative of Spirituality Following Aphasia from Traumatic Brain Injury: Findings about Forgiveness and Freedom Using WELLHEAD and SHALOM

Rehabilitation has neglected the spirituality of people with aphasia, a neurogenic impairment of language for communication and thought processes. Aphasia reduces scope for adjustment processes where words are normal currency, such as forgiveness and reconciliation. A single case narrative was generated from a case series exploring the feasibility of spiritual health assessment in aphasia. The individual had traumatic brain injury, with the primary symptom of aphasia, giving the first detailed account of its kind. The WELLHEAD spirituality toolkit provided a structured interview approach, exploring spirituality in terms of ‘meaning and purpose’ within four dimensions, WIDE, LONG, HIGH and DEEP, incorporating patient-reported outcome measures and goal-setting, with feedback interviews. Spiritual Health and Life Orientation Measure (SHALOM) generated a comparator spiritual health assessment. The quantitative feedback measures and self-reported outcomes were complemented by detailed qualitative interview transcripts subject to systematic thematic analysis in NVivo. The findings were co-constructed and systematically verified. This non-religious narrative evidenced the accessibility, acceptability, and impact of the resources. Self-forgiveness was paramount for freedom to journey into the unknown beyond self with ‘Calm’, towards helping others and accepting help. Religion, Faith and Belief were reconceptualised. Forgiveness of self and others was integral and instrumental in recovery, offering avenues for further investigation and application.

Unstructured interviews: are they really all that bad?

ABSTRACTAlthough much of the interview and selection literature views unstructured interviews as being vastly inferior to structured interviews in terms of validity and reliability, this critical review attempts to shed a positive light on the merits of unstructured interviews. It begins by defining and describing both types of interview approaches, and continues to explain the merits and benefits of unstructured interviews (some of which are not obtainable with a structured interview approach), including greater face-validity, positive interviewee and interviewer reactions, similar-levels of validity, and greater practicality in a variety of real organizational settings and situations. The analysis concludes with theoretical and practical implications for researchers and applied human resource development (HRD) professionals.

Assessment of the Visibility of Radiologists Through Structured Interview Approach: Our Experience in Low-Literacy Mammography Patients

Assessment of the Visibility of Radiologists Through Structured Interview Approach: Our Experience in Low-Literacy Mammography Patients