Structure Of TiO2 Nanotubes Research Articles

Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy: Effects of graphene-TiO2 nanotubes composites corrosion and biocompatibility

This study investigates the effects of graphene amount on TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) synthesized on Ti6Al4V alloy via selective laser melting (SLM) to optimize corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. XRD analysis indicated the presence of anatase and rutile phases in TNTs, and the peak shifts indicated that graphene was successfully incorporated into the TNT structure. SEM images revealed that increasing the amount of graphene resulted in smaller nanotube diameters, increased contact angles, and imparted hydrophobic properties. Corrosion tests including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that graphene, especially C4-TNTs, exhibited superior corrosion resistance with high Ecorr and Rt values. Biocompatibility tests with human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFa) demonstrated cell viability with the incorporation of graphene into TNTs. The findings suggest that the optimum amount of graphene can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V alloy, making them more suitable for biomedical implants.

Enhanced properties of TiO2 nanotubes through α-Fe2O3 surface decoration: Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation

Electrochemical anodization, under a constant voltage of 45 V and for 15, 30, and 45 min, was performed to fabricate highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes. Depending on the processing paramters, the diameter of the TiO2 nanotubes was found to be around 95 ± 6 nm, while the thickness of TNT layer exhibited a change with anodizing time, varying from 1 to 4 μm. Subsequent to the anodization α-Fe2O3/TiO2 heterogeneous structure was created by the spin coating of iron precursor based solutions on TiO2 nanotubes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were utilized to ascertain the phase structure and morphology of TiO2 nanotubes. The change of optical band gap values depending on the processing parameters was calculated using UV–Vis spectrophotometer data. The photocatalytic performances of the samples, namely the degradation rates and kinetics, were evaluated by examining the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The (TC15) sample, obtained by anodizing for 15 min and decorated with α-Fe2O3, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with a degradation efficiency of 70 % at the end of 7 h of light exposure. On the other hand, the inhibition percentages of bacterial growth were examined and it was seen that the TC30 sample with the highest value was 88.89 % for E.coli bacteria and 70.57 % for S.aureus. To assess the mechanism of antimicrobial activity, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) Analysis were perfomed on T30 and TC30 groups and the ROS amount of TC30 was higher than T30. According to the results of the L929 mouse fibroblast cytotoxicity experiment with indirect contact according to ISO 10993-5 standards, all samples showed a successful performance in terms of cell viability. The cell viability of TC15 was higher in comparison to the control group.

Facile Preparation of TiO2NTs/Au@MOF Nanocomposites for High-Sensitivity SERS Sensing of Gaseous VOC.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising and highly sensitive molecular fingerprint detection technology. However, the development of SERS nanocomposites that are label-free, highly sensitive, selective, stable, and reusable for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel TiO2NTs/AuNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposite for the ultrasensitive SERS detection of VOCs. The three-dimensional TiO2 nanotube structure with a large specific surface area provides abundant sites for the loading of Au NPs, which possess excellent local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, further leading to the formation of a large number of SERS active hotspots. The externally wrapped porous MOF structure adsorbs more gaseous VOC molecules onto the noble metal surface. Under the synergistic mechanism of physical and chemical enhancement, a better SERS enhancement effect can be achieved. By optimizing experimental conditions, the SERS detection limit for acetophenone, a common exhaled VOC, is as low as 10-11 M. And the relative standard deviation of SERS signal intensity from different points on the same nanocomposite surface is 4.7%. The acetophenone gas achieves a 1 min response and the signal reaches stability in 4 min. Under UV irradiation, the surface-adsorbed acetophenone can be completely degraded within 40 min. The experimental results demonstrate that this nanocomposite has good detection sensitivity, repeatability, selectivity, response speed, and reusability, making it a promising sensor for gaseous VOCs.

Mechanisms of ion irradiation induced ordering in amorphous TiO2 nanotubes: Effects of ion mass and energy

Amorphous TiO2 nanotubes were irradiated in-situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with Kr+ ions at energies of 46 keV, 150 keV, and 1 MeV and with 46 keV Xe+ ions, to investigate the structural and morphological evolution of the nanotubes under irradiation. At all irradiation conditions, amorphous TiO2 nanotubes exhibited significant morphological instability, and tended to undergo volumetric swelling with increasing ion counts, often until collapse of the original nanotube structure. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed that irradiation-induced defects can explain the observed swelling. Structurally, nanotubes remain amorphous following all Kr+ irradiation conditions, but irradiation with 46 keV Xe+ leads to the formation of anatase nanocrystallites. Importantly, through systematically varying ion energy and ion species, we try to elucidate the influence of nuclear and electronic stopping power on ion irradiation induced changes. By contextualizing these results within the existing literature, we propose that the observed changes in TiO2 nanotube morphology and structure could be due to a competition between two mechanisms: (1) disorder-induced swelling and (2) irradiation-induced amorphous-to-crystalline transformation.

Effect of nitridation temperature on TiO2 nanotubular structure and its photoelectrochemical performance

To improve light absorption in the visible region and to improve photoelectrochemical (PEC) response; herein, we have presented the doping of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes with nitrogen. TiO2 nanotubes have been heat treated under the ammonia environment at different temperatures for 3 h. The characterization was carried out using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, (FEG-SEM), visible ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The photoelectrochemical tests of the samples were carried out in a Na2S/Na2SO3 (aq) solution. It was found that the nitrogen doping of titanium dioxide in temperature above 600 °C collapses the tubular structure and decreases the PEC performance. On the other hand, PEC performance improving was obtained from the sample nitrided at the lower temperatura which is related to the formation of lower defects in the structure of TiO2 nanotubes.

Cu and Zn metal particles modified nanocathode based electrocatalytic nitrate reduction: Effective, selective and mechanism

Nitrate contamination of water resources not only endangers ecological environment, but also poses a threat to human health. Electrochemical removal of nitrate is limited by poor electrode efficiency and high levels of by-products. Herein, Cu and Zn nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface of TiO2 nanoelectrodes by electrodeposition to improve the electrochemical activity of the electrodes. The fabricated Cu/TiO2 and Cu/Zn/TiO2 nanoelectrodes achieved nitrate removal efficiencies of 83.5 % and 93.6 %, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in nitrate removal efficiency. The physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of the Cu/TiO2 and Cu/Zn/TiO2 electrode revealed that the TiO2 nanotube structure formed on the electrode surface increased the specific surface area of the electrode, while the uniformly attached Cu and Zn nanoparticles augmented the active sites on the electrode surface. Additionally, the loaded Zn nanoparticles enhanced the conversion of NO2−-N to N2, effectively suppressing byproducts production. The synergistic effect of TiO2 nanotubes with Cu and Zn nanoparticles made it possible to completely electrochemical remove nitrate. Under the condition of 0.5 g/L NaCl as the electrolyte, these two electrochemical systems can achieve cathodic reduction of NO3−-N and effectively inhibit the formation of NH4+-N and NO2−-N, thereby achieving the goal of harmless removal of NO3−-N. This work provides theoretical and technical support for efficient and clean removal of nitrate from environmental water bodies by electrochemistry.

Effect of 3D titanium substrates with TiO2 nanotube arrays on photoelectrocatalysis degradation of phenol

TiO2 nanotube array electrodes are coated on 3D titanium foam and mesh by the anodic oxidation procedure to investigate the effect of electrode substrates. Distribution homogeneity, crystal shape, structure, and light absorption of TiO2 nanotube are the same, orientations are different due to the planar structure of the titanium foam and the non-planar structure of the titanium mesh. However, the performance of the photoelectrocatalysis, phenol degradation, and charge transfer significantly influences by anode substrates. Although the photocurrent density of titanium mesh is 3.29 mA·cm−2, which is 1.5% lower than that of titanium foam, 96.1% ± 2% of the phenol can be degraded by the titanium mesh anode in 120 min with a degradation efficiency of 86.5% ± 3% after 4 cycles, demonstrated titanium mesh substrate is better than titanium foam. The mechanism results show that·OH and photoelectric synergy play a primary role in phenol degradation, and electrocatalysis (29.8%) increased by anode substrates, is better than photocatalysis (17.9%). The electric field enhances by electrocatalysis, resulting in accelerating electron transfer and decreasing in the recombination of electron and hole. Due to its porous structure and large specific surface area, the 3D substrate improves mass transport, providing more photocatalysts, reactants, and reaction sites for photoelectrochemical reactions, further enhancing photoelectric synergy, and ultimately promoting phenol degradation. This study confirms the role of 3D anode titanium substrate and encourages electric field enhancement to solve the recombination of electrons and holes.

Designed Synthesis of Cu2O Quantum Dots/TiO2 Nanotubes Heterostructure as a Photocatalyst for Converting CO2 to CH4

Herein, H+ in oxalic acid is used instead of Na+ to obtain titanate nanosheets through P200 hydrolysis, which further curls to form a multilayer TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) structure. Then, Cu2O quantum dots (QDs) are successfully loaded on TiO2 NTs via a hydrothermal method using fructose as a reducing agent. The optical, impedance, and photocurrent tests indicate that the composite structure improves its optoelectronic performance. The photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction efficiency of Cu2O QDs/TiO2 NTs are lower than those of TiO2 NTs. However, the molar ratio of CH4 to CO produced by CO2 reduction of Cu2O QDs/TiO2 NTs composite catalyst is greater than that of pure TiO2 NTs. The CH4 production accounts for 97%, indicating that the composite catalyst has a high CH4 selectivity. The experimental and density functional theory calculation results prove that the Z‐scheme heterojunction accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, and broadens the absorption range of visible light.

Investigation of the effects of Sr and Mn doping on corrosion tribocorrosion and cyclic voltammetry performances of TiO2 nanotubes

In this study, manganese (Mn) and strontium (Sr) were doped into TiO2 nanotubes (TNT), which are frequently used in energy storage equipment. The aim of this study is to compare the corrosion tribocorrosion and cyclic voltammetry performances of doped TNTs after examining their structural characteristics. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the nanotubes. After the anodization processes, the inclusion of Mn and Sr in the TNT structure was confirmed by XRD analysis. In SEM analysis, it was observed that with the addition of Mn and Sr into the solution, longer nanotubes were formed with increased electrical conductivity. Increasing the nanotube length and shrinking the nanotube's inner diameter provided increased corrosion resistance. Increased surface hardness resulted in increased tribocorrosion resistance. In cyclic voltammetry experiments, the capacitance increased approximately 5 times in Sr-doped TNT compared to undoped TNT, while it increased 10 times in Mn-doped TNT.

Influence of water content on structural and electrochromic properties of TiO2 nanotube prepared by anodization

TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and bamboo-type TNTs structure films were synthesized via anodization from sputtered titanium (Ti) films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. Herein, the anodization process was adjusted electrolyte with different amounts of deionized water and ethylene glycol. The optical and structural properties of all films before and after annealing were investigated, which affected electrochromic application. The increasing deionized water content in electrolytes resulted in an increase in the average diameter and a decrease in the average length of TNTs. Furthermore, the bamboo-type TNTs structure was produced at the deionized water volume condition of 3 vol%. The crystallite size of annealed TNTs (a-TNTs) was calculated from the Scherrer equation, which was enhanced when increasing deionized water. TNTs conditions before annealing showed that the amorphous structure and high energy band gap (Eg) exhibited more electrochromic phenomena than the crystal structure. Due to the disordered arrangement of structures, it was easy to insert ions in TNTs. The bamboo-like structure with separate tubes increased the surface area of the reaction, thus exhibiting the best electrochromic properties with ΔT equal to 12.58%.

Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants using TiO2/(Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33) nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes decorated with Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33 nanosheets were prepared through a facile avenue that combines sacrifice template and hydrothermal methods. The TiO2 nanotube structure provided a large specific surface area, and the TiO2/(Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33) heterojunction broadened the light absorption range by reducing the bandgap to 2.746 eV. The TiO2/(Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33) heterostructure demonstrated high adsorption capability for methyl orange (100 mg/L) with a 70% adsorption rate after 60 min. The photocatalytic performance of the TiO2/(Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33) heterostructure was evaluated through the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The removal rates of RhB (10 mg/L) and high concentration TCH (50 mg/L) could reach 93% and 96% after 60 min and 120 min of light irradiation, respectively. Theoretical calculations showed that the TiO2/(Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33) structure enhanced photogenerated charge separation, leading to improved degradation of organic pollutants. This study provides a facile way for designing and creating heterostructural nanotubes with enhanced performance for removing organic pollutants.

Preparation and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Mo/N Co-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Array Films

Mo/N co-doped TiO2 nanotube array films were obtained by a combination of magnetron sputtering and anodization. The influences of doping concentration and nanotube morphology on the structure, morphology, elemental composition, light-absorption capacity, and optoelectronic properties of TiO2 nanotubes were studied. The findings revealed that Mo was primarily incorporated into the TiO2 lattice in the Mo6+ valence state, while N was mainly embedded into the lattice as interstitial atoms. It was observed that when the sputtering power was 35 W for TiN target and 150 W for Mo-Ti target, the Mo/N co-doped TiO2 nanotube array films exhibited the best photovoltaic performance with a photogenerated current of 0.50 µA/cm2, which was 5.5 times of that of Mo-doped TiO2. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency observed in Mo/N co-doped TiO2 nanotube array films can be ascribed to three main factors: an increase in the concentration of photogenerated electrons and holes, a reduction in the band gap width, and intense light absorption within the visible spectrum.

Remarkable improvement of photoelectrochemical water splitting in pristine and black anodic TiO2 nanotubes by enhancing microstructural ordering and uniformity

Efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is crucial for future energy and sustainable world. We here report on the improvement of PEC activity of anodic TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) by enhancing tube ordering and subsequent electrochemical reduction. TNTs were prepared by two-step anodic oxidisation from an organic electrolyte containing fluoride ions. The effects of first-step anodisation time on the ordering of TNTs and subsequent electrolytic reduction were investigated on the PEC performance under simulated solar light spectrum. The photocurrent densities of TNTs anodised for 1 h, 4 h and subsequently reduced are about 25.12 μA cm −2 , 51.76 μA cm −2 and 126.89 μA cm −2 , respectively, at 1.23 V vs RHE and their conversion efficiency of light to electrical energy achieved are about 0.016%, 0.04% and 0.08% respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ESI) curves revealed the improved PEC water splitting confirmed by sharper charge carrier separation and enhanced charge transfer in highly ordered pristine and black TNTs. This improvement of PEC in dopant-free TNT is at the first instance interpreted by enhancing TNT ordering and uniformity achieved by prolonging of the first-step anodisation time and its effect on the electronic band structure of TNTs. This significant effect on PEC performance of pristine TNT under visible light absorption takes place due to the induced surface defects and slower recombination rates of hole and electron. This demonstrates an efficient economic materials production appraoch for PEC hydrogen production. • High efficient PEC water splitting using pristine and black nanotubes (TNTs). • The photocurrent density of black TNT is about 126.89 μA cm −2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. • The amount of generated H 2 was estimated about 57.96 cm 3 during 1 h. • Microstructural ordering of TNTs enhanced the PEC water splitting.

Pt-single atom decorated TiO2: Tuning anodic TiO2 nanotube structure and geometry toward a high-performance photocatalytic H2 production

Atomically dispersed Pt single atoms (SAs) on titania have been reported to be a highly effective co-catalyst in photocatalytic H2 generation. In this report, we grew layers of anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) varying the lengths of the NTs from 1 to 18 μm as well as their crystalline state by thermal annealing over a wide range of temperatures (350 °C – 800 °C). We then decorated the nanotubes with single atom (SA) Pt co-catalysts deposited from H2PtCl6 solutions with various concentrations of 0.001–2 mM Pt and evaluate the photocatalytic H2 generation performance for the different NT layers under UV and solar illumination. The highest photocatalytic performance is achieved for 15–18 μm long anatase NTs decorated with Pt SAs from a 0.01 mM H2PtCl6 solution (leading to a Pt SA surface concentration of 5.6 × 105 /µm2). Except for a sufficient SA Pt loading and an anatase structure, the key parameter is the photon absorption length for near-band-gap UV and AM 1.5 light. Such optimized Pt SA@TiO2 NTs show a most efficient H2, outperforming many other photocatalytic 3D titania structures, such as titania-based powders, flakes, and Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) tested under the same illumination conditions.

Nanospace-confined worm-like BiVO4 in TiO2 space nanotubes (SPNTs) for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) space nanotubes (SPNTs) have attracted considerable attention in the fields of photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical energy conversion because of their large surface area and good physical and chemical stability. However, their large bandgap (3.0–3.2 eV) and poor charge-carrier separation and transport properties lead to unsatisfactory photo-conversion efficiency. To overcome these drawbacks, we performed in vivo and in vitro deposition of BiVO4 (BVO) on SPNTs, obtaining a sophisticated BVO/SPNTs heterojunction via electrochemical anodization and microwave-assisted synthesis. Unlike conventional TiO2 nanotube structures, TiO2 SPNTs possess empty spaces between the tubes (tube-to-tube interface), which can effectively admit BVO particles and generate worm-like BVO, yielding an intimate heterojunction interface and enlarged surface area. The prepared BVO/SPNTs exhibited a narrow bandgap (2.32 eV), small charge-transfer resistance, and accelerated reaction kinetics, as confirmed by incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency, ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These salient features, together with a strong response to visible light, resulted in a photocurrent density of 0.68 mA/cm2 without any co-catalyst at 1.23 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.5 M Na2SO4, which is 14 times higher than that of the pure SPNT electrode film. Thus, this study highlights that the integration of the materials with different dimensions by tailoring the surface properties may yield efficient and stable catalysts for multiple applications, particularly for hydrogen production at a significantly improved rate.

Comparison between microporous and nanoporous orthodontic miniscrews : An experimental study in rabbits.

Surface characteristics of orthodontic miniscrews might affect survival rates and removal torque values (RTVs). This experimental study aimed to clarify whether and why amicroporous or nanoporous surface promotes higher survival rates and RTVs for orthodontic miniscrews. Using asplit-leg design, one set each of nonporous (sham control, n = 24) and microporous (control, n = 6), and three sets of nanoporous (experimental, n = 6 per set) miniscrews were implanted in the tibias of 12 New Zealand rabbits and immediately loaded with 1.5 N nickel-titanium coil springs for 12weeks. The surface morphology, micropores, and nanotube diameters of the miniscrews were examined using scanning electron microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The surface composition and thickness were determined using Auger electron spectroscopy. The survival rates and RTVs of each set were assessed. The nanoporous miniscrews had higher survival rates, RTVs (p < 0.001), and thicker nanotube oxide thicknesses (p < 0.001) than the nonporous and microporous miniscrews. The nonporous and microporous miniscrews had no nanotube structures. The surface oxide composition was titanium dioxide (TiO2). The threshold RTV, TiO2 thickness, and nanotube diameter of nanoporous miniscrews needed to promote the experimental survival rate to 100% was determined to be 6.6 ± 0.8 N-cm (p < 0.05), 22.5 ± 4.8 nm (p < 0.05), and 17.6 ± 2.3 nm or above, respectively. Nanoporous surfaces promoted higher survival rates and RTVs than microporous miniscrews. This could be due to TiO2 nanotube structures with thicker oxide layers in nanoporous miniscrews.

In situ ion irradiation of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes

Understanding of structural and morphological evolution in nanomaterials is critical in tailoring their functionality for applications such as energy conversion and storage. Here, we examine irradiation effects on the morphology and structure of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes in comparison with their crystalline counterpart, anatase TiO2 nanotubes, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ ion irradiation TEM, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Anatase TiO2 nanotubes exhibit morphological and structural stability under irradiation due to their high concentration of grain boundaries and surfaces as defect sinks. On the other hand, amorphous TiO2 nanotubes undergo irradiation-induced crystallization, with some tubes remaining only partially crystallized. The partially crystalline tubes bend due to internal stresses associated with densification during crystallization as suggested by MD calculations. These results present a novel irradiation-based pathway for potentially tuning structure and morphology of energy storage materials.Graphical abstract

Plasmonic enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag/TiO2 tube-in-tube fibers.

Ag nanoparticle was found to significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of self-organized TiO2 nanotube structures. Herein, novel Ag/TiO2 tube-in-tube fibers have been prepared by a facile electrospinning technology and calcination process. Employed as the photocatalyst, the composite could efficiently catalyze the photodegradation of the model organic pollutant, rhodamine B under visible light irradiation, exhibiting a superior photocatalytic activity than the undoped TiO2 tube-in-tube fibers. This enhanced activity has been ascribed to plasmonic characteristics of Ag nanoparticles, which promote the light absorption and charge transfer feasibility. The simple, low-cost and green fabrication route of the composite provides a novel means for preparing similar materials, holding great promise for wider application in the future.

One-step hydrothermal synthesis and properties of CZTS/TiO2 nanotube arrays

The large specific surface area of the tubular hollow structure of TiO2 nanotubes provides a large number of active sites for the adsorption/catalytic reaction. With the development of the synthesis technology of nanomaterials, loading inorganic, metal and other nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes has become a hot research topic in the nanomaterials field. In this paper, Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)/TiO2 nanotube arrays composite structure was successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis method, and the effects of different precursor concentration on the properties of the composite structure were systematically studied. The results showed that the CZTS/TiO2 nanotubes composite sample by one-step hydrothermal synthesis achieve the highest photocurrent density which is 7 μA·cm-2 . In addition, when the precursor solution concentration was 0.25 mmol, the sample acquired the highest photocurrent density

Structural, Morphological, Topographical Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Metal Substrates for Solar Cell Application

High demand on energy conversion in DSSC, requires development of well-organized TiO2 nanotube structures because of their large surface area-to-volume ratio, superior lifetime and provision of optimal pathways for electron percolation. In this work multi-layered Titanium dioxide nanotubes (MTNTs) have been fabricated by an electrochemical anodization technique. MTNTs were annealed at 350‚°C, 450‚°C, 550‚°C and 650‚°C. The structural and morphological properties of the MTNTs have been evaluated by XRD, Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM) through Large Area Scan (LAS), Depth Profiling (DP) and SEM analysis. SEM-EDX has been employed for element elucidation of TNTs. SEM analysis has revealed the change in surface with increase in annealing temperature. Moreover SEM analysis has revealed the presence of porous and MTNTs for the samples annealed at 350‚°C and 650‚°C with modal pore size of 35.56 nm and 31.05 nm respectively. EDX analysis has revealed that the fabricated MTNTs consist of Ti and O atoms. CRM has confirmed the presence of Anatase phase TiO2 with Raman vibration modes at 142.37 cm-1, 199.04 cm-1, 394.67 cm-1, 516.16 cm-1 and 639.29 cm-1with the Rutile phase TiO2 with Raman vibration modes at 445.26 cm-1 and 612.07 cm-1. The XRD analysis has revealed that the MTNTs consist of multiphase Anatase and Rutile phase depending on the annealing temperature. AFM has confirmed the existence of porous nano-tubular structure for all samples.