Structure Of Proverbs Research Articles

VARIABILITY IN MODERN PAREMIOLOGY AND ITS TYPES

It is an inescapable fact that we see that proverbs, which are paremiological minimums, are constantly undergoing modifications, and of course this fact reveals the necessity of studying the variability in proverbs. The variation of proverbs as relatively complex structural units compared to words is particularly relevant. Variability in paremiological units has the opportunity to show itself in many cases. So, the word in its structural composition can be used in many variants. The variability of paremic expressions may be related to the replacement of one lexeme by another, the change of the word order in the component composition, the necessity or optionality of their use. The processing of different variants of paremiological units is the most important source of expressiveness and expressiveness used to influence the recipient. They give speech dynamism and lively speech intonation. In the course of the research, we included in the analysis the lexical, morphological, structural-syntactic types of variability in the field of paremic units. The most used types of variation in proverbs are lexical, followed by morphological and syntactic variation. Variability at the syntactic level in proverbs is more fully represented, especially in the structure of syntactic units such as word combinations and sentences. New aesthetic and artistic qualities appear in the variants created during the changes in the structure of proverbs. As a result, the author’s speech becomes more emotional and its impact increases many times.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FOLKLORE IN TEACHING THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

It is known that the concept of the language, literature, and culture of any people originates from folklore and is reflected there. Folklore is a rich literary heritage of the people, the art of words, everyday life, and the pearl of the national culture. It contains a lot of information and information related to the national worldview. In today's era of globalization, the use of folklore models at the "Kazakh language" lesson can not only increase the vocabulary, richness of language, skills of word use, but also expand the cognitive horizons of students and become of great importance in the direction of national education in the question of how we can absorb and convey this spiritual heritage to young people. The article will talk about the methodology of using Kazakh folklore in the process of teaching the state language – Kazakh. The possibility of using information related to folklore, exercises in reading, listening, pronunciation, and writing tasks of speech activity is discussed from the point of view of practical training. During each lesson, students are told about the cognitive and educational aspects of folklore. Types of tasks with proverbs, sayings and riddles of folklore patterns can be used by converting them according to the topics in the standard program. This is due to the fact that these patterns of folklore are compact in size, rhythmic in pronunciation, and are easy to perceive by the language learner. The structure of proverbs and sayings is compact and simple, but the vocabulary, richness of the language, develops the student's horizons, expands the use of words, teaches expressive speech. Unfortunately, the use of riddles, one of the small genres of folklore, has become rare recently. Therefore, in order to promote the rich national heritage it is necessary to give more riddles in the lesson. Riddles develop the human mind, expand the student's worldview, enrich the language in the process of identifying the implied thought. At the “Kazakh language” lesson folklore samples obtained in connection with the text help to master the topic, reveal its content.

INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF USE OF AUTHENTICITY OF MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH

In this article there were studied pedagogical and psychological principles of using authentic materials, which are a fairly new direction for pedagogical science and practice. We showed, that as a rule teachers were used to pay attention to textbook materials. However, in modern educational activities, teachers-methodists tend to use authentic materials to a much greater extent than to use educational texts. This, in turn, will greatly contribute to a more productive mastering of educational materials by schoolchildren. On the other hand, the authenticity of the content material allows pupils to delve into the essence of the theoretical and practical issues having been studied, and this will have a rather positive effect on the overall effectiveness of training, on better mastering of educational content in general.
 In our empirical research we proposed for pupils of secondary school such proverbs and sayings, which they had to study. Before giving the pupils such a task to study these proverbs and sayings, we combined the last ones into some main paradigmatic groups, such as: “Skills. Personal characteristics”; “Personal experience. Skills”; “Help”; “Laziness. Negligence”; “Teaching. Tutorials”. We studied phonetic and stylistic aspects of proverbs and sayings with the component of “human activity”. In turn, after studying them we modelated some exercises for pupils, to underline in their structure the paradigm of authenticity. So, in this article it was firstly when for pupils there were proposed our author’s authentic tasks and exercises. We proved, that pedagogical and psychological content of these lexical units in a large degree was reached by rhyme of proverbs and sayings, such as: rhyme of proverbs and sayings; full male rhyme; accurate or identical male rhyme; full female rhyme; alliteration of proverbs and sayings; repetition of two sounds in the structure of proverbs and sayings; a combination of alliteration with rhymes in the structure of proverbs and sayings; assonance in the structure of proverbs and sayings.

Continuités et discontinuités lexicales et grammaticales dans les proverbes roumains et latins

"Lexical and Grammatical Continuities and Discontinuities in the Romanian and Latin Proverbs. In our paper, we analyse some Romanian and Latin proverbs recorded in a lexicographical masterwork of the Transylvanian School, such as The Lexicon of Buda (1825). Based on this inventory, our approach will investigate from a lexical and morphosyntactic perspective the internal structure of proverbs, highlighting the lexical and grammatical continuities and discontinuities between two languages and their ancient origin. Keywords: proverb, Romanian language, Latin language, the Lexicon of Buda, lexical and morphosyntactic approach "

Сары ұйғыр тіліндегі мақал-мәтелдер

Proverbs and sayings in the modern Turkic languages, which have their own way of formation, develop in close contact with the common Turkic paremiological system, which determines the directions of internal processes of disintegration of the common Turkic language system. The 70М.Қ. Ескеева Turkic Studies Journal 2 (2022) 56-71results of the study of a particular language contribute to finding solutions to problems in the Turkic language, complementing theoretical considerations, and identifying features of the common Turkic worldview. Proverbs and sayings preserved in the language of Yellow Uighurs in the assimilation process, along with the peculiarities of the ethnic worldview, contribute to revealing the features of the common Turkic worldview, clarifying the peculiarities of the development of the paremiological system of Turkic languages in general. The research study considers the meaning and features of the use of proverbs and sayings in the yellow Uighur language, which have a narrowed functional scope, in the context of the history, everyday life and traditions of the people, in the context of spiritual and cultural values. It is determined that changes in the situational use of a single paremiological meaning are also facilitated by the semantic field of dominant lexemes in proverbs and sayings. The ethno-cultural content of the Sary Uighur proverbs describing Tengrism, public and social relations, family and moral values is determined. Key lexemes in the structure of proverbs and sayings of Sary Uighur are compared with versions in the Kazakh language, structural, semantic and common features are distinguished. The Sary Uighur and Kazakh proverbs and sayings are compared, and the features of the content of paremia that characterize the common features of the Turkic peoples and the individual peculiarities of each nation are given. The research study used the materials of two field expeditions (07.2012; 09.2012) organized with the participation of the author to the settlement of the Yellow Uighurs in the Sunan region of the People’s Republic of China.

Брачные отношения через призму англоамериканских пословиц и антипословиц

The society tends to promptly respond to numerous social changes in the modern world. These changes are reflected in national cultures, customs, everyday and professional practices and, needless to say, in the language. Applying the continuous sampling method, the author selected gender-marked English proverbs (48) and anti-proverbs (48) containing the lexemes wife, husband, man, woman, bride, groom, and bachelor in order to discover gender role shifts in Anglo-American linguoculture. The dictionaries by A.T. Litovkina and W. Mieder (1999 and 2006) as well as The Penguin Dictionary of English Proverbs edited by R. Fergusson and J. Law (2000) were used. The descriptive and analytical method as well as definition analysis were utilized. The research revealed more negative female connotations in anti-proverbs compared with traditional proverbs. Wife proves to be the most active lexeme in the structure of proverbs and anti-proverbs, which indicates a strong social interest in the woman, her lifestyle pattern, model of behaviour, and moral values. At the same time, the image of the wife is more negative than the image of the husband, who is presented as a victim. These facts allow us to infer that both proverbs and anti-proverbs are mainly authored by men. Thus, it can be concluded that the androcentric worldview is still characteristic of the English and American societies.

Some comments on Uzbek folk proverbs

This article analyzes the functional-semantic features of articles, which are one of the beautiful examples of oral creativity of the Uzbek people, as well as the role of transpositive words used in their structure of proverbs. The object of our research is to come up with the structure of proverbs and to analyze vocabulary words that influence its meaning and essence and ensure compactness, expediency and attractiveness. Component and structurally its constituent parts also directly affect the content of proverbs. Especially used in the composition of proverbs, phraseological words on the basis of thriftiness help to express in terms of form a brief and in the content a broad and deep meaning.

Semantic system of proverbs in dictionary interpretation

The present manuscript enlightens semantic problems of English proverbs, peculiarities of their usage in concrete situation, presents etymological information and describes grammatical structure of proverbs. In this work both theoretical and practical investigation of proverbs and set expressions are described in details. The existing English and American sources also represent such dictionaries where the proverbs and sayings designated as proverbs, proverbial phrases, sayings where phrases very "motley" to define structure get are collected. Among simple sentences can be affirmative and negative. In the proverbs which are complex sentences, the subordinate clause could follow for main, is in the middle of the main thing or to precede it. Let us illustrate in examples. Theory of phraseology of A. V. Kunin (2005) in particular is his concept of phraseological identification on the basis of which has become possible to carry steady predicative turns to phraseological units, I have given an impetus for detailed research of pareomias first of all of sayings and proverbs, by the right of taken the place in phraseological fund of English.

The Oxford Handbook of the Writings of the Hebrew Bible

The Oxford Handbook of the Writings of the Hebrew Bible

Structure and Theology in Proverbs: Its Function as an Educational Program for Novice Leaders in Ancient Israel

Abstract Proverbs has languished from neglect in biblical scholarship as an allegedly deficient fund for theological formulation. Recent studies have plied to fill this lacuna by focusing on the book’s literary structure as the key to its theological contribution. While some skepticism concerning its purposeful arrangement remains, several studies have adduced evidence from the final form of Proverbs to suggest it served in ancient Israel as an educational curriculum aimed at moving the implied reader from simple ethical decisions to complex social applications. This article argues that this reading strategy finds support in the preamble, which outlines a training regimen designed to advance the inexperienced youth toward the virtues of righteousness, justice, and integrity for the goal of exercising sociopolitical leadership. The literary structure of Proverbs discloses the collocation of key terms from the preamble that the final author/editor has embedded as mnemonic signposts in the opening and closing seams of its seven wisdom collections. A structural-canonical reading highlights this intentional and dynamic movement: by progressing through the seven courses of leadership, the callow initiate matures and matriculates to navigate the intricate demands and dangers of societal leadership in the royal court.

Pain and Danger: Unpleasant Sayings and the Structure of Proverbs

In this article, I examine approximately fifty sayings in Proverbs that imagine intense pain in order to evaluate their potential to shape the way the moral instructions and character portraits in the book are interpreted, remembered, and actualized in the moral life. I also explore the conspicuous gathering of these pain sayings within several clusters in the latter part of the book.

A Life That Is Good: The Message of Proverbs in a World Wanting Wisdom by Glenn Pemberton

Reviewed by: A Life That Is Good: The Message of Proverbs in a World Wanting Wisdom by Glenn Pemberton Michael S. Moore glenn pemberton, A Life That Is Good: The Message of Proverbs in a World Wanting Wisdom (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans 2018). Pp. xviii + 236. $18. The purpose of this book is twofold: (a) to provide a usable resource for "faith-based discussion groups and Bible classes, with secondary consideration for undergraduate university courses on Israel's wisdom literature" (p. xv); and (b) to help such readers learn how to tell the difference between "the good life" championed in Proverbs and the one relentlessly advertised on their television, phone, and computer screens. This intended audience is quite specific, and in many ways this volume is quite different from the books and monographs regularly reviewed in this journal. Even a cursory reading, however, makes clear that this is one of the best new books on Proverbs available to this (or any other) readership. Not only is it eminently readable, but it is carefully structured, an irony given the fact that the structure of Proverbs is so famously difficult to pin down. For this reason Pemberton thinks it appropriate, in view of the amorphous structure of the biblical book, to expose contemporary students to this ancient Hebrew text by cutting it up into digestible fragments or, to use one of his own metaphors, to help them identify which types of "railroad cars" (flatbed, boxcar, refrigeration, livestock, passenger, tankcar) seem best suited to transport which types of "freight" (p. 23). After a pithy introduction explaining what it is that Hebrew sages habitually do (comparing and contrasting their work with that of prophets and priests), P. plunges into that area of interest with which most instructors today are most acutely aware—gender. Avoiding the guild tendency to bog students down in "Goddess Sophia" speculation, P. instead challenges them to appreciate the character and contours of the roles enacted in Proverbs 1–9 by the five women who serve as the primary educators of the book's original audience—young men. These include (a) the young man's mother, (b) the young man's wife, (c) the other woman, (d) the wisdom woman, and (e) the foolish woman (Proverbs 1–9). Attention then turns to Proverbs 10–31 as an assemblage of sapiential responses to five distinct "challenges": (a) absolute vs. conditional meaning; (b) translation and culture; (c) enigma; (d) description vs. prescription; and (e) "the Bible factor" (i.e., the "inspiration" and "authoritativeness" of Proverbs as a religious text). Prolegomena out of the way, P. turns in the next few chapters to questions and concerns [End Page 320] deemed central to Hebrew wisdom generally and Proverbs particularly. The first, cleverly conceived and written, is entitled "Deforming Character: How to Become a Fool." Much like C. S. Lewis's Screwtape Letters, this chapter is an entertaining, tongue-in-cheek exposé on how foolmongering develops in individuals over time: (a) stage 1: foolish actions; (b) stage 2: stepping onto the path of folly; (c) stage 3: the hardening; (d) stage 4: collapse and rage. Imaginatively illustrated and skillfully articulated, this chapter might easily stand alone as a separate volume, as might several others in this slim paperback. The next chapter, "What's God Got to Do With It? Searching for God in Proverbs," attempts to explain the Deus absconditus climate of Proverbs by laying out the argument of Klaus Koch that God has no need to be directly involved ("Is There A Doctrine of Retribution in the Old Testament?," in Theodicy in the Old Testament [ed. James L. Crenshaw; Issues in Religion and Theology 4; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983] 60-61) alongside that of William McKane that the book's oldest layer is fundamentally secular, not religious (Proverbs: A New Approach [OTL; London: SPCK, 1970] 10-22). P.'s response to this debate is to insist that, whatever position one takes, the "key phrase distinguishing the book of Proverbs from collections of advice for 'the good life' at local bookstores is 'the fear of the Lord'"—a phrase he wants to see as the "golden thread holding Proverbs together" (p. 86). The next chapter ("Justice and Mercy...

The Value of a Curious Translation: Revisiting Proverbs 2:5

The tradition of the spiritual senses has been an inspiration for major recent theological endeavors (such as those of Karl Rahner, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Sarah Coakley). Many consider Origen as the “founding father” of this theological tradition. He found substantial biblical evidence for the existence of a spiritual sensation in Prov 2:5, which, according to him, speaks of a divine sense ( sensus divinus , αἴσθησις θeία). However, this rendering differs significantly from both the MT (דעת אלהים) and the LXX (ἐπίγνωσις θeοῦ). Therefore, a venerable theological tradition seems to stem from a rather “idiosyncratic” reading of the biblical text. This article investigates how the translator of Origen’s text might have arrived at his/her translation. My conclusion is that, although it cannot be accepted as a good translation of the Hebrew, Origen’s text grasps important elements of the deeper theological structure of Proverbs 2; thus, it represents a possible interpretation of the text.

T.A. PERRY, Wisdom Literature and the Structure of Proverbs, 134 pp. The Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania, 1993. $ 29.50, £ 25.

T.A. PERRY, Wisdom Literature and the Structure of Proverbs, 134 pp. The Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania, 1993. $ 29.50, £ 25.