Structure Of Natural Zeolite Research Articles

Removal of Saturated Monoglyceride in Biodiesel Using Adsorption and Its Effect on Low-Temperature Properties of Biodiesel Blends

Saturated monoglyceride (SMG) is a main cause of precipitate formed above cloud point of biodiesel (B100), which leads to filter plugging in diesel engine. In this work, we studied the effect of SMG content (0.1–0.7 wt%) of palm biodiesel (PO-B100) on the cloud point (CP) of diesel fuels blended with PO-B100 at different concentrations (B0, B7, B10 and B20). Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesels with a high and low aromatic content were used, respectively. The effect of SMG concentration on CP of biodiesel blends was more pronounced in case of a low aromatic Euro 5 diesel. An extent of CP change was also affected by the initial SMG concentration of PO-B100 and biodiesel blending ratios since they determined the SMG content of the final biodiesel blends. An adsorptive removal of SMG in PO-B100 was investigated by using natural zeolite as much cheaper adsorbents than commercial magnesium silicate (MS) and silica gel. The crystalline structure of natural zeolite and MS was studied by X-ray diffraction. Both MS and silica gel exhibited higher performance than natural zeolite in the SMG removal at 45 °C. To improve the SMG adsorption capacity, the natural zeolite was treated with 1 M nitric acid solution at 60 °C. The resulting modified zeolite had an increased SiO2 content, as measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, due to dealumination effect. Moreover, it showed an improved adsorption performance: the capacity of SMG adsorption was 31.5 mgSMG g-1, corresponding to a decrease of SMG content of PO-B100 from 0.7 wt% to 0.35 wt%, when using 10 wt% adsorbent loading at 45 oC for 50 min. As a result, an increase in the cloud point of biodiesel blends was significantly retarded.

Prospects for the Production and Application of New Zeolite-Like Sorption Materials for Waste Water Treatment in Railway Enterprises

The article presents the results of researches of zeolite modification in order to create sorbents for wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions. Zeolitive tuffs of deposit of the Zabaikalye Territory are considered as raw materials. It is proposed to modify zeolites with highly organosilicon compounds hexamethyldisilazane [(CH3)3Si]2NH and tetraethoxysilane (С2H5O)4Si, which leads to hydrophobization of the surface and an increase in adsorption capacity. A method for modifying the structure of natural zeolite with a sulfur-containing polymer obtained from waste products of epichlorohydrin, the main component of which is 1,2,3-trichloropropane, is described in more detail. A sulfur-containing polymer network is formed by using sulfur dissolution at room temperature in the monoethanolamine – hydrazine hydrate system and condensation with 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The result of applying a sulfur-containing polymer network is not only hydrophobization of the zeolite surface, but also the appearance of sulfur atoms in its composition, which increases the selectivity to heavy metal ions. Based on the obtained experimental data, the method of improvement the existing technologies for wastewater treatment at enterprises (railway transport) by introducing a deep post-treatment into the sorption unit scheme is proposed.

Исследование природных лантансодержащих цеолитов методом растровой электронной микроскопии

Методами растровой электронной микроскопии и энергодисперсионной рентгеновской спектроскопии установлено распределение ионов лантана в структуре природных цеолитов – стильбита, шабазита, анальцима, мезолита. Показано, что ионы лантана по поверхности зерна цеолита локализованы неравномерно, концентрируясь на различных структурных дефектах в составе кристаллической фазы.

New sorption materials based on modification of natural zeolites in metal wastewater treatment processes

This study considers the problem of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions and possible ways to solve it, for example, by modifications of natural zeolites from the deposits of Transbaikalia region. We offer a method of modifying the structure of natural zeolite with a sulfur-containing polymer derived from epichlorohydrin waste, the main component of the 1.2,3trichloropropane. The sulfur-containing polymer mesh is formed by the use of the dissolution of sulfur at room temperature in the system of mono-ethanolamine-hydrazine hydrate and condensation with 1.2,3-trichlorpropane. The result of applying a sulfur-containing polymer mesh lies not only in the hydrophobization of the zeolite surface, but also in the appearance of sulfur atoms in its composition, which contributes to an increase in the selectivity with respect to heavy metal ions. We demonstrate the possibility of using new sorption materials in deep wastewater treatment processes of galvanic production. As a load for the adsorbent filter, we propose to use a three-layer filtering material with a load of natural zeolite of various modifications. It has been proven that such chemical modification of zeolite allows to obtain sorbents with an increased surface area and transitional pores that have a high sorption activity in relation to heavy metal ions.

Performance of Activated Natural Zeolite/Cu as a catalyst on Degradation of Glycerol into Ethanol Assisted by Ultrasonic

The purpose of this study was to convert glycerol into ethanol using the catalyst of activated natural zeolite/Cu assisted by ultrasonic. The catalyst was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction and BET isotherm adsorption. The degradation process carried out at the temperature of 60 °C and at various time of 1, 2, and 4 hours. The product of glycerol degradation was analyzed using Gas Chromatography. The results showed that the structure of natural zeolite was a mordenite. The BET analysis showed that the surface area of natural zeolite is 99.096 m2/g greater than that of natural zeolite impregnated Cu that is 6.597 m2/g. The total pores, however, a natural zeolite is 0.026 cm3 smaller than that of natural zeolite impregnated Cu that is 0.058 cm3. The highest yield of ethanol as the product of glycerol degradation was 3.704% produced when the sonication times is 2 hours using activated natural zeolite catalyst. The activated zeolite has a prospect to be used as a degradation reaction catalyst for molecules that goes through the Bronsted Lowry acid mechanism.

Nitrogenous zeolite nanomaterial and the possibility of its application in agriculture

Abstract New nanotechnological method is proposed to reduce the negative effects of nitrogenous fertilizers and their losses, which involves introduction of nitrogen-containing substance into the structure of natural zeolite. The obtained nanomaterials can be used as a nitrogen fertilizer, which allows the gradual transfer of nitrates into the soil and minimizing fertilization losses. It also significantly reduces groundwater contamination. Also, volatilization as well as drain losses of nitrogen are significantly reduced. Proposed zeolite nanomaterial represents a strong reserve of nitrogen compounds required for feeding the plants. Obtained nanomaterial structure is studied using chemical, X-ray diffractometric and IR spectroscopic methods. Also, nanotechnological process of enrichment and extraction of natural zeolite with ammonium nitrate is established. For proving the effectiveness of proposed nitrogenous fertilizer tests were conducted on corn crop (108 m2) where the average harvest on the recording area amounted 92.6 kg. In addition to the field test, the production test was also conducted on 1 ha where the increased corn crop reached 1.4 t/ha which is equal to 18.9%.

Preparation of the Natural Zeolite Based Catalyst for Hydrocracking Process of Petroleum Derived Atmospheric Residue

This research focused on preparation catalysts by natural zeolite for hydrocracking and to compare their catalytic reactivity with commercial catalyst. Clinoptilolite type natural zeolite of Tsagaantsav and paraffinic atmospheric residue of Tamsagbulag crude oil were used in this research. The Ni or Fe ion was loaded into the zeolite sample which was enriched and calcined previously, by ion exchange method. It is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis that structure of natural zeolite was not broken down during metal loading. The conversion of feedstock in hydrocracking, in with modified zeolite was used, was 22.5% higher than none catalytic process and 8.9% higher than commercial catalyst. It is proved that both of modified zeolite catalysts worked effectively as a catalyst in hydrocracking of atmospheric residue. Even so the contents of sulfur in middle and heavy fraction were 490 - 615 ppm, after hydrocracking with Ni/zeolite, Fe/zeolite catalysts. This result showed that the Ni/zeolite, Fe/zeolite catalysts were inactive at hydrodesulfurization, because the contents of sulfur in middle and heavy fraction were 370 - 478 ppmafter hydrocracking without catalyst. Process for sulfur removal is needed after hydrocracking with Ni/zeolite orFe/zeolite catalyst.

Treatment of Natural Zeolites for Increasing the Sorption Capacity

This article describes the results ofthe research on determination of activity and sorption capacity of modified zeolites. Activation processes of sorbents were compared including thermal dehydration and ion-plasma treatment of zeolites. Mineralogical composition of investigated zeolites as well as the results of ion-plasma treatment on the structure of natural zeolites are presented. The obtained results have shown high effectiveness of ion-plasma treatmentof sorbents compared with thermal treatment method.