Macrozoobenthic Community Structure Research Articles

Macrozoobenthos community structure in the Sukabumi estuary, West Java

Abstract The estuary in the south of Sukabumi is an ecosystem rich in eel fishery resources. Currently, there are several human activities at this location which are expected to affect water quality. Therefore, a macrozoobenthic community structure analysis was carried out to determine the water quality at the estuary in the south of Sukabumi. The aim of this research is to determine the structure of macrozoobenthos communities in river estuaries in the south of Sukabumi. The research was conducted at river estuaries in the south of Sukabumi, including the Cimandiri, Ciletuh, Cibuni, and Cikaso river estuaries. The research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, which is the season for eels. The research results showed that there were 12 macrozoobenthos species which were classified into 4 classes (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Chromadorea, and Polychaeta). The highest density occurred in Ciletuh estuary with a value of 147 ind/m2, while the lowest occurred in the Cimandiri estuary and the Cikaso estuary with a value of 63 ind/m2. The diversity index (H′) ranges from 0.92-2.50 at all stations, indicating the low to medium category. The uniformity index ranges between 0.91-1, classified as moderate to high, and the dominance index ranges between 0.184-0.556, classified as low to moderate. Based on this, it can be seen that there will be pollution at the river mouth in the south of Sukabumi but it will still be at a low to moderate level.

Assessment of macrozoobenthic community dynamics in the Ijuk River: Implications for freshwater ecosystem health and conservation management

Background: Nestled within the Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve, the Ijuk River stretches approximately 3 kilometers, serving as a vital conservation area. Its upstream region plays multiple ecological roles, including watershed management, hydrological regulation, microclimate control, soil fertility maintenance, microbial habitat provision, air quality regulation, and carbon sequestration. However, escalating human activities, particularly changes in land use, pose significant threats to its ecological balance. The particular concern is the conversion of forested areas into agricultural lands, primarily for coffee cultivation and mixed gardens, encroaching dangerously close to the riverbanks. This encroachment necessitates a critical reevaluation of the river's water quality, given its crucial role in supporting biodiversity and ecological equilibrium. Benthic insects dwelling in the riverbed serve as invaluable bioindicators, offering insights into the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. Methods: Conducted between January and July 2022 in the Isau-Isau Wildlife Refuge, Lawang Agung Village, Mulak Ulu District, Lahat Regency, the study aimed to assess the macrozoobenthic community structure across three river segments: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Employing field sampling, observational surveys, taxonomic identification, and data analysis, the research aimed to unravel the river's ecological dynamics. Findings: Through meticulous examination of benthic insect communities, the study revealed relatively favorable water quality in the Ijuk River. However, discernible declines in various ecological parameters, as evidenced by evaluation results, highlight the urgency of conservation efforts and proactive management strategies to mitigate further degradation and preserve the river's ecological integrity. Conclusion: Such endeavors are crucial for safeguarding the biodiversity and sustainability of this vital freshwater ecosystem. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The study uniquely assesses the macrozoobenthic community dynamics in the Ijuk River, revealing significant changes over two decades that highlight the river's ecological health and underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts. It offers a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the macrozoobenthic community structure, providing critical insights into the impacts of land use changes and human activities on freshwater ecosystems.

Ecological characteristics and seasonal changes of macrozoobenthos in the waters of Miaodao Archipelago, China

To understand the macrozoobenthic community composition and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of macrobenthos in the waters of Miaodao Archipelago, Yantai, Shandong and its response to habitat changes, we conducted surveys of macrobenthos and environmental elements in the waters of Miaodao Islands in May (spring), August (summer), and October (autumn) in 2022. Results showed that a total of 127 macrozoobenthic species were recorded, with Mollusca and Annelida (Polychaeta) as the dominant taxa, consisting of 47 and 45 species, respectively. The key dominant species included Sternaspis chinensis, Glycinde bonhourei, Moerella hilaris, and Amphioplus (Lymanella) japonicus. The average annual density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 190 ind·m-2 and 28.69 g·m-2, respectively. There was no significant seasonal differences in density and biomass. The Shannon diversity index (H), evenness index (J), and richness index (D) averaged 3.10, 0.90, and 2.40, respectively. Cluster analysis results showed low similarity coefficients of community among the three seasons, suggesting a distinct distribution pattern. Factors such as bottom seawater temperature, chlorophyll a, nutrient, sediment grain size, and organic matter content could significantly influence the structure and diversity of macrozoobenthic community. Compared with historical research data, the Changdao National Wetland Nature Reserve and the implementation of enclosure aquaculture have led to notable changes in the dominant species of macrobenthos. Specifically, there was a noticeable decline in both density and H, and an increase in biomass and J. Additionally, body size of benthic fauna was transitioning from small to big.

Seasonal variations of macrozoobenthic community trophic structure in the waters adjacent to the seaweed beds of Dalian Island in the North Yellow Sea.

To investigate the effects of algal detritus export on the trophic structure of macrozoobenthic community in the adjacent benthic habitat during the bloom and decline of macroalgae, we collected macrozoobenthos from the adjacent sea area of Dalian Island in the North Yellow Sea in May (the algal bloom period) and August (the algal decay period) of 2020. We quantifyied the seasonal changes in the trophic structure of macrozoobenthic community by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques. Results showed that δ13C and δ15N values of macrozoo-benthos in May ranged from -23.14‰ to -14.24‰, 6.21‰ to 12.90‰, respectively, and -22.36‰ to -14.13‰, 5.33‰ to 12.00‰, respectively in August. Results of PERMANOVA analysis showed that δ13C values of macrozoobenthos differed significantly between the two months, while δ15N values were not significantly different. Based on the Euclidean distance, the macrozoobenthic communities in both months could be classified into five trophic functional groups. The trophic levels of macrozoobenthos ranged from 2.00 (Nitidotellina minuta) to 3.97 (Glycera onomichiensis) in May and from 2.00 (N. minuta) to 3.96 (G. onomichiensis) in August. The δ13C range, δ15N range, mean centroid distance, total area and corrected standard ellipse areas which represented community trophic structure indices in August were higher than those in May. Our results indicated that the trophic diversity level and trophic niche width of the macrozoobenthic community in the adjacent sea area of the seaweed bed were higher in the algal decline season.

Use of biomonitoring tools to detect water quality-dependent ecosystem (macroinvertebrate) responses in lentic systems: the examples of Lakes İznik and Manyas, Türkiye

Lakes İznik and Manyas located in Türkiye are important biodiversity resources in the Palearctic region. No studies to date have explored the ecological statuses of these lakes together with their water quality based on biotic indices utilizing benthic macroinvertebrates. In this study, some parameters listed in the SWQMR of Türkiye were measured to determine the ecological quality of the lakes. Biotic indices included in the WFD and bacteriological parameters in terms of human health were also evaluated for these lakes. Sampling was performed at 6 stations in 2018-2019. Results for the zoobenthic community structure indicate that Lake İznik has started to become organically polluted and Lake Manyas is more polluted. Also, the biological index results for Lake İznik also show that the lake water quality has started to decrease and that pollution conditions have occurred, pointing to class III water quality. It is clear that there is pollution pressure in Lake İznik. However, according to the results, the macrozoobenthic community structure, diversity, and water quality of Lake İznik seem to be better than those of Lake Manyas. According to the results of the water qualities in the lakes, precautions should be taken to eliminate the negative pressures seen in both lakes.

Characterization of Intertidal Macrofaunal Communities of Two Sandy Beaches under Different Anthropogenic Pressures

The macrofauna in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches provides the trophic connectivity between land and sea, by linking microbiome, meiofauna, and megafauna, representing a food source for several terrestrial animals, including shorebirds and mammals. However, the macrozoobenthos in urbanised beaches is subjected to intense disturbances, such as breakwater barriers and tourism, which limit or impede the energy transfer from the marine to the terrestrial habitats. Because the information about diversity and abundance of the macrozoobenthos of the intertidal zone on the Mediterranean sandy coasts is scant, the main objective of this study is to increase the knowledge on the macrofauna living in this habitat and to identify taxa sensitive to cumulative human-induced stresses. To achieve this purpose, the structure and dynamics of macrozoobenthic communities from (1) a highly frequented beach characterized by breakwater barriers and (2) a marine protected area (MPA) in the Adriatic Sea were compared. The hypotheses that macrofauna composition and abundance changed in the two sites and over time were tested. Results highlighted that the macrozoobenthos in the MPA is mainly dominated by juvenile bivalves, which peaked from autumn to winter, and to a lesser extent by ostracods and mysids. Conversely, ostracods and the bivalve Lentidium mediterraneum (O. G. Costa, 1830) are particularly abundant in the highly disturbed beach, while the gastropod Tritia neritea (Linnaeus, 1758) increased only during summer. A possible combined effect of breakwater barriers and intense trampling has been theorized to explain the main differences between the two sites especially in the summer.

Comparing taxonomic and functional trait diversity in marine macrozoobenthos along sediment texture gradients

The rapid reorganization of global biodiversity has triggered an intense research effort to understand its consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, efforts to monitor biodiversity change and evaluate the outcomes for ecosystem states and processes are currently poorly aligned. While most monitoring programs evaluate ecosystem status by reporting measures of taxonomic diversity, it is not the number of species but rather the exhibited traits of these species that regulate function. Trait-based approaches assume that trait diversity and variability relate to changes in functions across environmental gradients, but this relationship remains to be explored for most marine benthic ecosystems. Using macrozoobenthic communities from the Dutch Wadden Sea as a model, we compiled information on traits related to animal-sediment relationships. This trait information was then combined with species’ abundance data from a 19 years-long database to calculate different taxonomic and functional metrics that reflect macrozoobenthic diversity, function, and community structure. Finally, we compared how these taxonomic and functional metrics change along with sediment texture gradients. Our analyses showed that the structure of macrozoobenthic communities and various diversity metrics all changed with sediment gradients. The observed changes in the communities’ species composition were associated with directional shifts in the relative presence of specific functional traits with increasing sediment grain size, from communities dominated by small body size, deposit-feeding, and short life span to communities characterized by large to medium body size, suspension-feeding, and long life span. We observed limited functional redundancy and high sensitivity of functional trait-based measures to changes in the community composition along sediment gradients. Our findings suggest that a trait-based approach provides valuable information about the ecological function of marine macrozoobenthic species complementary to traditional biodiversity measures (e.g., species richness, Simpson diversity, etc.). Hence, these measures may be used to characterize changes in ecosystem functioning in time and space using traditional monitoring datasets.

Macrozoobenthic Community Structure in the Kemayungan-Linduk Waters, Banten Bay

The objective of this study was to investigate the macrozoobenthic community structure in Kemayungan-Linduk waters, Banten Bay. This study was conducted for three months from February to April 2021. Van Veen grab was used to gather macrozoobenthic samples in triplicate at six sites. Environmental parameters such as depth, Secchi depth, water temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were also measured. According to our findings, Gastropods, Bivalvia, Malacostraca, Polychaeta, Clitellata, Insecta, and Ophiuroidea were found in the Kemayungan-Linduk waters. Macrozoobenthic density varied across time, ranging from 1646 to 5787 individuals/m2, with the maximum density occurring in April 2021. Macrozoobenthic diversity based on the Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 0.34 - 1.69. The Pielou’s evenness index varied from 0.10 - 0.45, Simpson dominance index varied from 0.31 - 0.89. Macrozoobenthic density ranged from 30 - 16883 individuals/m2, and the highest density was at Station 4, based on location. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.28 - 1.96, whereas the evenness and dominance indexes were 0.08 - 0.95 and 0.16 - 0.92, respectively. Based on spatial observations, the macrozoobenthic community in Kemayungan-Linduk waters displayed low to moderate diversity, as well as low to high evenness and dominance.

MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURES IN SEAWEED CULTURE PONDS IN MUARA GEMBONG ESTUARY, BEKASI , WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

The study of macrozoobenthic in seaweed culture in Muara Gembong Estuary, Bekasi District, West Java Province, was conducted in May to July 2018. The study was aimed at understanding the roles of macrozoobenthic organisms as ecosystem engineering in seaweed habitat by identifying macrozoobenthic community structures using various biological indices. Sampling sites were conducted at three selected intertidal ponds used for seaweed culture at different distances and perpendicular to the coastline. Samples of macrozoobenthic organisms were collected using an Ekman grab during low tide periods. The study results showed that the macrozoobenthic community from the three ponds were consisted of 9 major benthic families and 14 genera with a total of 139 individuals. The results also showed that gastropod of the genus Cerithiidae was the dominant taxa found in every pond which contributed to 42.45% of the total macrozoobenthic found in the three ponds and became the main contributing taxa to the macrozoobenthic community structure. In addition, genus Platynereis of the Polychaeta Class was found to be another important taxon which contributed to 14.39% of the total macrozoobenthic found in the three ponds. The genus Platynereis were mostly found in the second pond with muddy coarse sandy sediment substrate containing more silt compared to the other two ponds. The rare taxon was the genus Lithophaga from family Mytilidae represented by 1 individual. Our study concluded that the macrozoobenthic community structure in the three ponds was categorized as poorly diverse indicating that the pond system was unstable. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) was only 0.87 on average with the highest diversity index (H’=1.47) was found in the third pond located at the farthest area of the coastline. Meanwhile, the average of Evenness Index was 0.34 indicating that the distribution of the taxa was uneven with a tendency of being dominated by certain taxa.

Biodiversity and community assemblages of freshwater and marine macrozoobenthos in Gorontalo Waters, Indonesia

Abstract. Kadim MK, Pasisingi N, Alinti ER, Alinti ER, Panigoro C. 2022. Biodiversity and community assemblages of freshwater and marine macrozoobenthos in Gorontalo Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 637-647. Macrozoobenthos plays an essential role in the aquatic ecosystem including as primary consumers, food sources, and water quality bioindicators. This study aimed to determine the composition, taxa abundance, community structure of the macrozoobenthos in the lower reach, estuary, and marine areas along Gorontalo waters, also their association with water quality parameters. Biota samples were collected purposively from 33 sampling points. The sampling process was conducted in June 2020 and May 2021. Macrozoobenthos samples were taken using Ekman Grab and prepared with filters (mesh size of 500 µm). Statistically, a t-test was done to assess the significance of taxa abundance difference among three different ecosystems from both sampling periods. Similarity percentages were displayed through a dendrogram. Furthermore, the biota assemblages and water quality parameters association were interpreted through Eigenvalues of Principal Component Analysis using Minitab ver. 14.0. The results showed that the macrozoobenthic community structure composed 70 taxa belonging to six classes dominated by Gastropoda, followed by Bivalvia, Malacostraca, Clitellata, Polychaeta, and Polyplacophora. The marine area had the highest abundance of macrozoobenthos (469.5 ind. m-3 in 2020; 460.9 ind. m-3 in 2021), followed by the river station (335.3 ind. m-3 in 2020; 2621 ind. m-3 in 2021), and estuary zone (217.3 ind in 2020. m-3; 848.5 ind. m-3 in 2021). The most abundant species in the lower reach area was Melanoides sp. (135.5 ind. m-3 in 2020; and 1222.5 ind. m-3 in 2021), while in the estuary was Brachidontes sp. (70.7 ind. m-3 in 2020; and 248 ind. m-3 in 2021). Batillaria sp. (128.3 ind. m-3 in 2020) and Anachis sp. (1510.7 ind. m-3 in 2021) were the species with the highest number in the marine zone. Based on the diversity and evenness index, the sea was in the medium category with no dominant species in the marine area. Biota communities in the lower reach station tend to be more like estuary biota than marine biota.

THE PERFORMANCE OF MACROZOOBENTOS AS A BIOINDICATOR OF WATER QUALITY IN THE LOWER PARTS OF THE HURUN LAMPUNG RIVER

Macrozoobenthos is one of the organisms that can be used as biological indicators because it tends to live in an area and has sensitivity to environmental changes. The Hurun River had many community activities. Based on this, it was necessary to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos which will be compared with the physical and chemical parameters of water in order to find out the indicators that affect the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the river. The purpose of this research was to determine the macrozoobenthic community structure which found in the Hurun River based on diversity, uniformity and dominance indices, to build multiple linear regression models, and to determine the bioindicators of pollution in the Hurun River. The factors that influence the abundance of macrozoobenthos are temperature, depth, brightness, DO, TOM, and salinity. The types of macrozoobenthos obtained were 87 species with the highest abundance of macrozoobenthic animals of 70,666.56 ind/m3 while the lowest abundance of macrozoobenthic animals was 13,000.96 ind/m3. Based on data analysis, the macrozoobenthic diversity index was included in the medium category, the level of macrozoobenthic uniformity was included in the high, medium, and low categories, and the dominance level which was included in the medium and low categories. Multiple regression models with a confidence level of 5% get R2 results of 0.86. The level of pollution that occured in the Hurun River based on bioindicators with the ABC curve shows moderately polluted.

Spatial changes in a macrozoobenthic community depend on restoration methods in historically squeezed coasts in a brackish lagoon

AbstractThe coastal shallows in the Kugushi‐ko lagoon (western Japan), were restored to mitigate the historical coastal squeeze using two different methods: sand nourishment (SN), which is commonly used worldwide, and natural deposition (ND) method, which facilitates the deposition of river‐derived sediments using local knowledge (LK) on habitat characteristics of the historically commercial Shijimi clam (Corbicula japonica). In this study, macrozoobenthic assemblage structures were examined to clarify how the different restoration methods affected them. A total of 24 taxa occurred with a predominance of molluscan species in 18 samples (two SN sites and one ND site, six sampling plots each). In the ND site, the macrozoobenthic community was dominated by reed‐associated snails and Shijimi clams, linking to a higher whole‐benthos density than SN sites. Cluster analysis identified two groups of sampling plots that had different macrozoobenthic communities, and four shallow‐water inhabiting species were detected as indicator species for one cluster involving all sampling plots at the ND site. Distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrated that water depth and reed vegetation explained the variations in assemblages. Furthermore, within the cluster, a subcluster consisting of all plots in the ND site was identified. dbRDA showed that the dominant species in the ND subcluster were associated with reed vegetation and finer grain size. The present results suggest that the ND method likely restored the reed‐vegetated shallow habitats characterizing the macrozoobenthic community structure, and that LK‐based habitat restoration practices may offer new options for restoration programs in estuarine and coastal seas.

Study on macrozoobenthos diversity in Batang Toru River and its surrounding, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Batang Toru River is one of the sizable rivers in North Sumatra, encompassing to south and west and stream down to the Indian Ocean. The river area has been used by the local community for several activities, i.e. fisheries and tourism. The macrozoobenthic community structure study was carried out for 3 months in April, July, and October 2019 at 13-17 stations from the upstream to the estuary. Observations were made on the type of macrozoobenthos, meanwhile, data analysis was performed on density, diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index. A total of 21 genera of macrozoobenthos was identified consists of 9 classes, namely Bivalvia (2 genera), Diptera (3 genera), Gastropoda (4 genera), Ephemeroptera (1 genus), Odonata (1 genus), Oligochaeta (6 genera), Plecoptera (1 genus), Tricoptera (2 genera), and Zygoptera (1 genus). Thiara sp. and Balanocochlis sp. were quite commonly found in the study area. The density of the macrozoobenthos during the study period varied between 11-957 ind/m2. The value of the diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index at each station varied from 0.722 to 2.419, 0.411 to 1.0, and 0.210 to 1.0, respectively. Based on these values, the condition of the Batang Toru river ecosystem expressed moderate ecological pressure.

Effects of fragmented mangroves on macrozoobenthos: a case study of mangrove clearance for powerline right-of-way at Oproama Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Mangroves are vulnerable to varying magnitudes of degrading impact by human activities. Despite the many benefits of mangrove ecosystems, mangroves in the Niger Delta region are often cleared for electric powerline and oil pipeline rights-of-way, recreation, road construction, housing and farming. The study assessed the impacts of mangrove clearance on physico-chemical parameters of interstitial water and macrozoobenthic primary community structure in Oproama Creek, Nigeria, from February to July 2016. Three stations were selected for the study: two stations in more natural and undisturbed mangroves and one station at a mangrove clearing (for a national grid powerline right-of-way). Species richness and diversity were slightly higher at the undisturbed mangrove sites than the cleared site. Removal of mangrove canopy shade alters microclimate temperature regime and other temperature-dependent parameters, imposing thermal stress on stenothermal taxa and ancillary stressors that compositely affected primary community structure indices. Deliberate loss of mangroves through clearing waterfront vegetation as a driver for improved visual monitoring and enhanced security in the Oproama Community in the Niger Delta is reported for the first time. The wider implications of mangrove clearance and fragmentation on ecosystem-based goods and services are discussed. Limiting mangrove spatial loss owing to construction of an electric tower cutline within coastal landscape is strongly recommended.

The pathway of the water exchange over the Gdańsk-Gotland Sill of the Baltic Sea and its impact on habitat formation during the stagnation period

Water exchange between the deep basins of the Baltic Sea during stagnation periods ventilates the bottom layer. Such exchange may be local and associated with the seabed topography features. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible pathway of water exchange within the Gdańsk-Gotland Sill. A comprehensive study was conducted near the one of the local erosional trenches (depressions), comprising bathymetric survey using multibeam echosounder, water column CTD-sounding, tilt current meters mooring, and sampling of seabed deposits and macrozoobenthos. The absence of pelitic sediments even in the natural trench depressions was identified. The seabed is composed of dense clays with surface erosion signs. The presence of a current towards the Gotland Basin was recorded in the bottom layer of the erosional trench. This layer was characterized by increased salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration. The trench was also an area with macrozoobenthos richer in species composition and biomass. Moreover, indicator species of the North Sea waters were found exclusively within the erosional trench. Macrozoobenthic community structure and the age of benthic organisms confirm the existence of permanent water exchange directly from the Słupsk Furrow through the erosional trench, and indicate one of the advective pathways of water exchange between the deep Baltic Sea basins.

Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthic fauna of subtropical Richards Bay Harbour, South Africa

Richards Bay Harbour, which was constructed in early 1976, is South Africa’s largest and busiest port. Despite comprising mostly deep channels (>15 m) and associated harbour and shipping activities, the system still functions as an estuarine system. Information on the macrozoobenthic community structure in Richards Bay Harbour is scarce. This study was therefore conducted to examine the status of the macrobenthic community structure. Sediment and benthic samples were collected quarterly using a Van Veen grab during the period 2016–2017. The majority of habitat types had sediment compositions ranging from very fine sand to mud. The implication of this difference in sediment substrata was profound in the benthic abundance and distribution. Analyses of the benthic fauna identified 98 taxa, of which the tanaid Halmyrapseudes digitalis, the polychaetes Mediomastus capensis, Aphelochaeta marioni and Prionospio sexoculata and the brachyuran crab Paratylodiplax blephariskios were numerically abundant. Multivariate analyses performed using PRIMER and PERMANOVA indicated significant differences in community structure between sites and habitat types, with no significant differences between seasons. The intertidal mudflat areas in Richards Bay Harbour supported a more diverse assemblage, with habitat types strongly influencing the community structure. Despite this, habitat loss and degradation due to anthropogenic pressure from harbour and industrial activities were identified as potential threats to the overall abundance and distribution of macrozoobenthic organisms in Richards Bay Harbour. We conclude that despite anthropogenic pressures related to industrial and port activities, Richards Bay Harbour still contains estuarine habitat of high conservation importance that supports a diverse macrobenthic community.

Composition and structure of macrozoobenthos of lakes in different natural zones and subzones of Western Siberia

In 2003–2016, the composition and structure of macrozoobenthic communities of 49 lakes in three natural zones (taiga, forest-steppe, and steppe) of Western Siberia were investigated. The benthic fauna of the research lakes includes 160 species of nine classes of invertebrates. The trophic structure was characterized, and six major trophic groups were identified. A spatial analysis of the macrozoobenthos of the research lakes showed that from the forest-steppe to the dry steppe subzone, the species diversity decreases on a considerable scale and also dominant taxa of macrozoobenthos change with increasing water salinity. Especially in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, high water salinity is probably a limiting factor in the development of macrozoobenthic communities. In the taiga zone, however, water salinity seems not to have such significance; rather the degree of humification (shown as dark-colored water due to waterlogging) should be taken into account.

Combining artificial substrates, morphology and DNA metabarcoding for investigating macrozoobenthic communities in NW Iberia

Combining artificial substrates, morphology and DNA metabarcoding for investigating macrozoobenthic communities in NW Iberia

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI PAKIL KABUPATEN BANGKA

Pakil River which is located in Paya Benua Village, West Mendo District, Bangka Regency. This river has an impact from mining activities which then affect the macrozoobenthos community. The purpose of this study was to determine the macrozoobenthic community structure in the Pakil River and determine the effect of water quality on macrozoobenthos in the Pakil River. The study was conducted in April 2018 in the waters of the Pakil River, Paya Benua Village, West Mendo District, Bangka Regency. The macrozoobentos sample was taken purposively at 6 observation stations. The results showed that 4 species of macrozoobenthos. With a diversity index of 0.9195 in the category of low diversity, uniformity index of 0.663 was classified as stable and the dominance index of 0.4425 was in the medium category. The effect of TSS parameters and depth greatly affect the life of the macrozoobenthos, while the ones that have sufficient influence are the parameters of current velocity and DO, then those that have no effect are the parameters of pH, temperature and sand fraction.

Komunitas Makrozoobentos di Sungai Suir dalam Area Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung

The aim of this research was to know the composition and structure of macrozoobenthic community in Suir Stream at palm oil plantation area of PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung (TKA) has been conducted in February 2016 using survey method and purposive sampling technique in collecting data. Study sites consist of four stations based on condition around the stream. Macrozoobenthic community were sampled using surber net method with triplicate and accompanying physic-chemical measurements on each station. The results of this research show that 54 genera of macrozoobenthic were found consist of Insecta 44 genera, Oligochaeta 8 genera, Turbellaria and Gastropoda one genus respectively. The density of macrozoobenthic community range from 259.26-507.41 ind/m2 with average 381 ind/m2. The highest was found in station II dan the lowest was in station IV. The dominant genera (relative abundance > 10 %) in station I was Eukefferiella, station II Eukefferiella and Antocha, station III Tubificidae and Lumbriculus, station IV Eukiefferiella, Pseudocleon and Haplotaxis. The diversity of macrozoobenthic community was classified as moderate (H’= 1.25-2.94) and high equitability (E=0.54-0.84).