Structure Of Human Intelligence Research Articles

Взаимозависимость автоматизации технологической линии от коэффициента искусственного интеллекта модульного оборудования

The solution to the automation problems of technological lines depends on the level of artificial intelligence of the equipment that is part of them and the development of digital technologies for managing technological operations. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the theoretical foundations of building human intelligence and its impact on the development of automation of technological lines at the present stage through the formation of artificial intelligence of modular equipment and its adaptation to control systems. The article shows the original part of the methodology for achieving the goal that is based on the development of determining the artificial intelligence coefficient for modular equipment of machine-building enterprises when choosing it for the development of technological lines. (Materials and methods) The article presents the review of research, available scientific materials on the structure of human intelligence, artificial neural networks, the possibility of their use in the development of an electronic computer program, and the intelligence coefficient for the choice of modular equipment in the market of engineering products. Authors studied the theoretical foundations of building human intelligence. The higher the intelligence of a person, the more interested he is in creating equipment and machines based on complex designs and technologies that help him solve the problems of producing that are in demand by society. The effectiveness of this approach is based on the three-dimensional measurement of human intelligence. (Results and discussion) The article presents the interdependence of the automation of the technological line during its development and assembly from the intellectual activity of a person in choosing modular equipment based on its intelligence level coefficient. (Conclusions) The modular equipment used in the assembly of the technological line, if it meets the modern requirements of digitalization, can be combined under the control of artificial intelligence based on artificial neural networks to solve a specific task of automating the technological line.

IQ: Where does it come from?

Key digested messageThis final article in the series explores the bio/neurological underpinning of the consensus, Cattell-Horn-Carroll, model of intelligence. The previous article ended with the C-H-C consensus model of a transcendent third order factor g and, an array of nine second order factors, emerging from a series which has mainly focused on the structure of human intelligence.

Genetic and environmental influences on the Verbal-Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) model of the structure of mental abilities in the Minnesota study of twins reared apart

In previous papers [ Johnson, W., & Bouchard Jr., T. J. (2005a). Constructive Replication of the Visual-Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) Model in Thurstone's (1941) Battery of 60 Tests of Mental Ability. Intelligence, 33, 417–430.] [ Johnson, W., & Bouchard Jr., T. J. (2005b). The Structure of Human Intelligence: It's Verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not Fluid and Crystallized. Intelligence, 33, 393–416.] we have proposed the Verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR) model of the structure of mental abilities. The VPR model is hierarchical, with a g factor that contributes strongly to broad verbal, perceptual, and image rotation abilities, which in turn contribute to 8 more specialized abilities. The verbal and perceptual abilities, though separable, are highly correlated, as are the perceptual and mental rotation abilities. The verbal and mental rotation abilities are much less correlated. In this study we used the twin sample in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart to estimate the genetic and environmental influences and the correlations among them at each order of the VPR model. Genetic influences accounted for 67–79% of the variance throughout the model, with the exception of the second-stratum Content Memory factor, which showed 33% genetic influence. These influences could not be attributed to assessed similarity of rearing environment. Genetic correlations closely mirrored the phenotypic correlations. Together, these findings substantiate the theory that the entire structure of mental abilities is strongly influenced by genes.

Sex differences in mental abilities: g masks the dimensions on which they lie

Empirical data suggest that there is at most a very small sex difference in general mental ability, but men clearly perform better on visuospatial tasks while women clearly perform better on tests of verbal usage and perceptual speed. In this study, we integrated these overall findings with predictions based on the Verbal–Perceptual–Rotation (VPR) model ([Johnson, W., and Bouchard, T. J. (2005a). Constructive replication of the visual–perceptual–image rotation (VPR) model in Thurstone's (1941) battery of 60 tests of mental ability. Intelligence, 33, 417–430.; Johnson, W., and Bouchard, T. J. (2005b). The structure of human intelligence: It's verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized. Intelligence, 33. 393–416.]) of the structure of mental abilities. We examined the structure of abilities after removing the effects of general intelligence, identifying three underlying dimensions termed rotation–verbal, focus–diffusion, and memory. Substantial sex differences appeared to lie along all three dimensions, with men more likely to be positioned towards the rotation and focus poles of those dimensions, and women displaying generally greater memory. At the level of specific ability tests, there were greater sex differences in residual than full test scores, providing evidence that general intelligence serves as an all-purpose problem solving ability that masks sex differences in more specialized abilities. The residual ability factors we identified showed strong genetic influences comparable to those for full abilities, indicating that the residual abilities have some basis in brain structure and function.

The structure of human intelligence: It is verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized

In a heterogeneous sample of 436 adult individuals who completed 42 mental ability tests, we evaluated the relative statistical performance of three major psychometric models of human intelligence—the Cattell–Horn fluid-crystallized model, Vernon's verbal–perceptual model, and Carroll's three-strata model. The verbal–perceptual model fit significantly better than the other two. We improved it by adding memory and higher-order image rotation factors. The results provide evidence for a four-stratum model with a g factor and three third-stratum factors. The model is consistent with the idea of coordination of function across brain regions and with the known importance of brain laterality in intellectual performance. We argue that this model is theoretically superior to the fluid-crystallized model and highlight the importance of image rotation in human intellectual function.

Basic structure of work-relevant abilities.

This study sought to determine whether the dimensions underlying a comprehensive set of 15 work-relevant abilities were similar to the Data/Ideas and Things/People Work Task Dimensions (D. J. Prediger, 1996) underlying J. L. Holland's (1997) hexagonal model of interest and occupational types. The work task dimensions and a general ability dimension served as factor targets in principal components analyses of ability self-estimates obtained from nationally representative and cross-sectional samples of 4,387 and 618 12th graders. The composition of the factors that were extracted corresponded to expectations based on the work task dimensions and Holland's hexagon. Implications for practice are noted. Study results also suggest the need for a new look at the structure of human intelligence.

Charles Edward Spearman, F. R. S. (1863-1945)

The year 1995 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Charles Edward Spearman, one of the comparatively few psychologists to have become a Fellow of the Royal Society. He made lasting contributions to the quantitative representation of the structure of human intelligence and abilities, in particular, as the originator of the statistical method now known as factor analysis, as well as the so-called Spearman-Brown prophecy formula for assessing the reliability of psychological tests. But, somewhat ironically, he is best remembered for what he considered a minor aspect of his work - the rank correlation measure which also bears his name. The aim of our essay is twofold: first, to augment (and in some instances correct) details given in previous biographical sketches' with new material collected from family members and other sources; and secondly to commemorate the life and work of one of the most influential international figures in British psychology.

Modeling of intelligence

Every hypothesis excites interest and stimulates investigations. We believe that in the nondistant future it will be possible to develop models of intelligence which are isomorphic to the algorithmic structure of human intelligence, and ultimately these models will surpass human intelligence. On the basis of the successes of modeling of intelligence and investigations of the brain and psychics by physiologists, an artificial intelligence can be created which, it appears to us, can greatly accelerate the advance of science.