Concrete Structures Research Articles

Using an improved U-Net++ with a T-Max-Avg-Pooling layer as a rapid approach for concrete crack detection

The monitoring of concrete structures has advanced remarkably with the aid of deep learning technologies. Since concrete is multi-purpose and low-cost, it is extensively used for construction purposes. Concrete is very enduring. Nevertheless, it tends to crack which endangers the integrity of the structure and results in complications. The current study offers a new image segmentation approach for detecting cracks in concrete by making use of an optimized U-Net++ architecture. The proposed model gives the features of the T-Max-Avg Pooling layer which effectively combines the advantages of traditional max and average pooling using a learnable parameter to balance feature extraction dynamically. This innovation both improves the output accuracy and processing speed and captures the fine details. In addition, it mitigates noise and transcends the limitations of conventional pooling methods. Moreover, using learnable pruning and shortening skip connections in U-Net++ reduce redundant computations, making the model faster without compromising accuracy. In comparison with other models like Mask R-CNN and VGG-U-Net, the proposed model had considerably faster inference times (21.01 ms per image) and fewer computational requirements (40G FLOPs), making it very suitable for real-time monitoring applications. The DeepCrack and Concrete Pavement Crack datasets were employed to assess the model thoroughly which yielded an MIoU score of 82.1%, an F1 score of 90.12%, a Dice loss score of 93.7%, and an overall accuracy of 97.65%. According to the results, the enhanced U-Net++ with T-Max-Avg Pooling provided a balanced trade-off between segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency. This indicates its considerable potential for automated real-time crack detection in concrete structures by employing resource-constrained environments including drones and mobile platforms.

The Impact of Reinforcement Ratio on the Punching Shear of CFRP Grid-Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Slabs

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete slabs undermines structural durability and shortens the lifespan of concrete structures. Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is a promising material offering benefits such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight. This study aims to investigate the punching shear performance of concrete slabs reinforced with CFRP grids, focusing on the effects of different reinforcement ratios. A series of experiments were conducted on two-way concrete slabs reinforced solely with CFRP grids to assess their punching shear resistance. Experimental results show that the CFRP grid achieves an ultimate tensile strength of 2181 MPa, with the cracking load of CFRP grid-reinforced slabs reaching approximately 20% of the ultimate load, highlighting a strong correlation between the ultimate load and grid reinforcement ratio. The observed punching failure exhibited clear brittle characteristics, characterized by the formation of radial and circumferential cracks on the tensile surface of the slab. The reinforcement ratio significantly influences the failure mode of the slabs; as the reinforcement ratio increases, the ultimate punching loads also increase. Additionally, a mathematical formula is proposed to predict the punching bearing capacity, achieving calculation errors below 20%. These findings contribute valuable insights into using CFRP grids as primary reinforcement, enhancing the design and application of durable concrete slab structures.

Experimental study on the shear behaviour of high-strength lightweight concrete beams incorporating graphene oxide.

Graphene oxide (GO) has achieved significant progress in the material behaviour of cement-based materials. However, research on its structural behaviour in high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) structures is limited, which restricts its engineering applications. This study focused on investigating the effects of low contents of GO on the shear behaviour of HSLWC beams. A total of four HSLWC beams with GO contents of 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05% (by weight of cement) were designed to observe failure modes, load‒deformation curves, shear capacities, crack behaviour and load‒strain curves under four-point loading by a 300 kN servo loading device. The results revealed that all the beams exhibited shear compression failure. GO improved the shear capacity of the HSLWC beams, and this strengthening effect increased with increase in GO content. When the content of GO was 0.05%, the ultimate load of the beam reached a maximum, which was 39.2% greater than that of the control beam. GO can endow the HSLWC beams with a certain degree of ductility. In addition, a modified JGJ 12-2006 model was proposed to predict the shear capacity of HSLWC beams containing different GO contents on the basis of a comparison of typical models. This study can provide exploratory engineering practice for evaluating and designing GO-reinforced HSLWC structures.

Reliability Analysis of High-Pressure Tunnel System Under Multiple Failure Modes Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm–Kriging–Monte Carlo Simulation Method

It is often difficult for a structural safety design method based on deterministic analysis to fully and reasonably reflect the randomness of mechanical parameters, while the traditional reliability analysis method has a large calculation cost and low accuracy. In this paper, based on the seepage–stress coupling numerical model, the random variables affecting the reliability of the collaborative bearing of surrounding rock and lining structures are successfully identified. Then, the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the Kriging surrogate model, in order to improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of the reliability analysis model. Finally, the ISSA-Kriging-MCS model is used to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of the surrounding rock-reinforced concrete lining structure under multiple failure modes, and the sensitivity of each random variable is discussed in depth. The results show that the high-pressure tunnel structure has high safety and reliability. The reliability indexes of each failure mode decrease with the increase in the coefficient of variation (COV) of random variables. In addition, the same random variable also exhibits varying degrees of influence in different failure modes.

Performance evaluation of controlled low-strength blended cement concrete modified with recycled waste materials

Purpose This work aims to investigate the feasibility of recycling waste plastic (polyethylene terephthalate) as a coarse aggregate for producing blended cement concrete modified with fly ash and pond ash. Design/methodology/approach The low, medium and high controlled strength blended cement concrete modified with varied proportions of fly and pond ashes were produced. Manufactured sand and recycled plastic coarse aggregate (RPCA) replaced normal fine and coarse aggregates. Concrete samples were tested for workability, mechanical and durability characteristics. Microstructural analysis was performed on cement concrete blended with fly and pond ashes and compared to conventional concrete samples. Findings All concrete mixes showed better flowability with values greater than 200 mm. Besides, the maximum flow time was approximately 8 s. The wet density of blended cement concrete-RPCA-based concretes was approximately 30% lower than that of conventional concrete. The compressive strengths of the controlled strength mix at 7 and 28 days were within the specified ranges. While the conventional concrete had slightly higher permeability, the blended cement concrete-RPCA-based concretes had better thermal resistivity and lower thermal conductivity. The scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the densification of the microstructure due to the filler effects of fly and pond ashes. Originality/value This study establishes the prospects of substituting RPCA with normal coarse aggregate in the production of controlled low-strength blended cement concrete, offering benefits of structural fill concrete, lower permeability and thermal conductivity, higher thermal resistivity and reduced density and shrinkage.

Concrete Infrastructure: Recent Advancements and Needs with a Focus on North America

This letter provides an overview of the continent’s diversity in geography and climatic exposure and the impact of chlorides on reinforced concrete structures in North America. Several research needs are identified, including those that arise as specifications begin to change from prescriptive to performance-based approaches. Further, the widespread changes in material compositions or chloride exposures, require important changes to specifications, design practices, or maintenance procedures. Related to reducing carbon emissions, there is a need to reduce clinker content in concrete mixtures, increase the use of novel cementitious and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and to understand the durability of such concretes. The following research efforts from a North American context are warranted: (i) investigating the long-term durability of novel cement and SCM systems, including non-Portland cement-based materials and those made with CO2 mineralization used to meet carbon emission targets; (ii) understanding climate change impacts of temperature and sea levels, including flood impact, on chloride exposure and chloride-induced corrosion; (iii) developing rapid and reliable tests to estimate durability in practice, particularly for scaling, freeze-thaw, salt damage, and chloride-induced corrosion; and (v) developing better understanding of the short and long-term implications of changes in constituent materials and exposure.

Towards Sustainable Construction: Evaluating Thermal Conductivity in Advanced Foam Concrete Mixtures

Traditional concrete structures are frequently linked to poor energy efficiency and substantial heat loss, which pose significant environmental issues. To enhance thermal insulation and reduce heat loss, the use of precast insulated walls is suggested. This research introduces a new energy-efficient precast concrete panel (PCP). We explored various material combinations, including air bubbles, nano microsilica compound (NMC), nano microsilica powder (NMP), and latex, to determine the most effective formulation. A total of 99 tests were performed to assess the compressive strength of the samples, with 28 tests selected for thermal conductivity evaluations at temperatures of 300 °C and 400 °C based on satisfactory compressive strength results. The results indicated that the optimal mix of 4% air bubbles and 13% NMC achieved the lowest thermal conductivities of 1.31 W/m·K and 1.20 W/m·K at 300 °C and 400 °C, respectively, showing improvement ratios of 7% and 15.5% compared to the baseline tests. Additionally, the tests that included latex did not meet the thermal conductivity standards. The optimal combinations identified in this research can be effectively utilized in PCPs, resulting in significant energy savings. It is expected that stakeholders in the green building sector will recognize these proposed PCPs as a practical energy-efficient solution to advance sustainable and environmentally friendly construction practices.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates: flexural strengthening method for prestressed concrete beams with anchorage loss

Abstract Post-tensioning (PT), a method of pre-stressing, involves the use of high-strength steel strands/ tendons to reinforce concrete or other materials. On the contrary, Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are lightweight, high-strength materials with used to strengthen concrete structures by adhering the polymer to the concrete element. Challenges with post-tensioned elements include reverse curvature of the post-tensioning strands, tendon misplacement, and frequent damage in the anchorage and dead-end zones. These difficulties frequently cause bulging of the surrounding concrete, even at lower stress levels, and can lead to concrete bursting when tension exceeds certain threshold. This study investigates into the potential of CFRP strengthening technique to improve the flexural capacity of post-tensioned concrete beams with anchorage loss. Through an experimental program, the study compares the performance of control beams to those reinforced with different layers of CFRP. The results of this study demonstrated that there was a significant increase in flexural capacity, ranging from 45.31% to 78.62% for single layers and 87.17% to 153% for double layers of CFRP sheet. Additionally, the research examines how different levels of prestressing and CFRP wraps influence crack formation and delamination patterns of carbon fiber, with promising results. It was also noted that optimal usage of CFRP fibers and tendons is found to be critical. The study suggests exploring alternative fiber types and orientations for future study.

Simplified Gravity Load Collapse Dynamic Analysis of Old-Type Reinforced Concrete Frames

The results of shaking table tests from previous studies on a one-story, two-bay reinforced concrete frame—exhibiting both shear and axial failures—were compared with nonlinear dynamic analyses using simplified models intended to evaluate the collapse potential of older reinforced concrete structures. To replicate the nonlinear behavior of columns, whether shear-critical or primarily flexure-dominant, a one-component beam model was applied. This model features a linear elastic element connected in series to a rigid plastic, linearly hardening spring at each end, representing a concentrated plasticity component. To account for strength degradation through path-dependent plasticity, a negative slope model as degradation was implemented, linking points at both shear and axial failure. The shear failure points were determined through pushover analysis of shear-critical columns using Phaethon software. Although the simplified model provided a reasonable approximation of the overall frame response and lateral strength degradation, especially in terms of drift, its reduced computational demands led to some discrepancies between the calculated and measured shear forces and drifts during certain segments of the time-history response.

Theoretical and numerical modeling of a shallow foundation stiffness based on the theory of elastic half-space

Abstract The paper presents the derivation of equations for the calculation of the spring constants ky, kz, and kϕ and the spring coefficients βy, βz , and βϕ used in the modeling of a foundation with a rectangular base on elastic soil. All the equations were derived based on information provided in literature, for example, Barkan, Gorbunov-Possadov, and Whitman et al. To demonstrate the application of these equations in practice, two numerical models of a reinforced concrete frame structure that was built on soil were created using Abaqus FEA software. Model A represents a complex three-dimensional numerical model that consists of a reinforced concrete frame structure, which has a soil layer beneath it. Model B represents a simple three-dimensional numerical model consisting of a reinforced concrete frame structure, where the stiffness of the soil layer beneath the structure was modeled with vertical, horizontal, and rocking spring constants applied to the bottom of each foundation. Due to the nonlinear boundary condition used in the supports of the concrete frame model, such as contact and friction, all the involved loads were incorporated into a single load case, and a large displacement formulation was used in the analysis. The authors focused on the method of a simplified modeling of frame structures founded on soil. To conduct comparative analyses, two columns and two beams from each model were selected, from which the internal forces and displacements were compared. The findings of the comparative analysis are presented in tables and then discussed.

Effect of barnacle oyster attachment on concrete properties

In view of the fact that the surface of marine concrete structures is quickly adhered to a large number of barnacles and oysters, and there is still no consensus on the positive and negative effects on concrete structures, this paper studies the evolution of the properties and microstructure of concrete specimens with or without barnacles and oysters adhesion on the surface at different ages in the tidal range area of the exposed sea area, to further clarify the influence of barnacles and oysters adhesion on concrete properties. The study results showed that barnacles and oysters began to adhere to the surface of the specimens after 56 d of exposure, and the maximum chassis diameters of barnacle and oyster increased by 210 % and 229 %. The concrete samples without barnacle and oyster attachment were set as NBO group, and those with barnacle and oyster attachment were set as BO group. The mass change rates of NBO and BO were 1.443 % and -0.493 % after 240 d of exposure. Compared with the initial stage, the compressive strength of NBO increased by about 25.9 %, and the BO increased by 30.1 %. The pH of the NBO sample decreased from 12.0 to 8.0 after 240 d of exposure, and about 143 % of the pH decreased in the BO sample. The neutralization depth of NBO is 7.0 mm, which is about 233 % of the neutralization depth of BO. The 0-50 mm electric flux of the NBO sample from the concrete surface reached 932.8 C, and the BO electric flux was only 556.5 C, while the mass change rate between NBO and BO after 100 freeze-thaw cycles was small. The amount of gypsum and ettringite and the loss of C-S-H gel were more significant than those of BO, making the resistance of NBO 24.3 % lower than that of BO. After 240 d of exposure, the maximum pore volume of NBO is 54.6 % larger than that of BO. Within 240 d of exposure, the attachment of barnacles and oysters positively affected concrete performance.

Methods for restoring the mobility of a concrete mix

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that currently monolithic construction is characterized by a high rate of construction work, since in modern market conditions this indicator determines the final cost per square meter. As it is known, the life cycle of any concrete product or structure includes the preparation of a concrete mixture, transportation, laying, sealing, hardening and further operation.Therefore, the initial stage of the life cycle – the preservation of the properties of the concrete mixture over time will determine the technological and physico-mechanical properties, respectively, of the concrete mixture and concrete. An aggravating factor in maintaining the properties of the concrete mixture in the summer is the air temperature exceeding 30оC. The paper shows technological techniques that make it possible to level the temperature factor on the properties of the concrete mixture over time.It was found that the introduction of superplasticizers in the amount of 1% of the cement mass and the restoration of mobility at the construction site make it possible to obtain concretes with specified qualities. This study is relevant for manufacturers of concrete mixtures.

Microbial-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Basalt Fiber Cloth Reinforcement Used for Sustainable Repair of Tunnel Lining Cracks

The increasing problem of urban traffic congestion has led to the extensive use of underground tunnels. However, tunnel lining cracks pose a major threat to the integrity and safety of the structure. Although the traditional repair method is effective, it often requires higher construction technology and higher cost, and may cause damage to the concrete structure. In this study, microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) was combined with basalt fiber cloth to repair and reinforce tunnel lining cracks. Bacillus pasteurii was used to optimize the microbial mineralization process, and the effectiveness of the method on cracks with different widths was evaluated using a water seepage test. In addition, the mechanical properties of the reinforced tunnel lining were tested. The microbial mineralization process effectively repaired cracks with widths of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. The use of unidirectional basalt fiber cloth increased the bearing capacity of the strengthened member by 12.5%. The combined reinforcement method also enhances the deflection performance and alleviates the influence of water seepage on the bonding performance. This innovative and sustainable approach not only provides an effective solution for the repair of tunnel lining cracks, but also contributes to the broader field of eco-friendly building materials. This study highlights the potential of using this combination approach to improve the durability and performance of underground infrastructure.

Performance Research and Engineering Application of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

Low strength and low impact toughness are two of the main issues affecting the use of lightweight aggregate concrete in harsh cold environments. In this study, the strength of concrete was improved by adding high-strength fibers to bear tensile stress and organize crack propagation. Four sets of comparative experiments were designed with freeze–thaw cycles of 0, 50, 100, and 150 to study the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete under freeze–thaw conditions. A detailed study was conducted on the effects of freeze–thaw on the compressive strength, flexural strength, impact toughness, and microstructure of concrete with different fiber contents (3, 6, and 9 kg/m3). The results show that for ordinary lightweight aggregate concrete, under the freeze–thaw cycle, the internal pore water of the concrete froze and generated expansion stress, resulting in tensile cracks inside the concrete. The cracks gradually accumulated and expanded, ultimately leading to cracking and damage of concrete structures. After 150 cycles, the strength loss rate exceeded 25%. When adding a reasonable amount of fiber (6 kg/m3), the fiber took on the tensile stress and hindered the development of internal cracks, significantly enhancing the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact toughness of lightweight aggregate concrete. And the failure pattern of concrete was significantly improved. At the beginning of the freeze–thaw cycle, the internal tensile stress was less than the fiber tensile strength and the fiber–matrix bonding strength, and the strength reduction rate of the concrete was slow. Relying on the friction absorption capacity between the fiber and the matrix, the fiber used its own deformation to resist the tensile stress. In the late stage of the freeze–thaw cycle, due to the destruction of the fiber–matrix transition zone structure, the bond strength decreased, the crack resistance and toughening effect decreased, and the strength of the concrete decreased rapidly. Moreover, the reduction in impact toughness was greater than the compressive strength and flexural strength under static load.

Experimental Studies of Low-Reinforced Concrete Structures Containing Inter-Bay Construction Joints Strengthened with Prestressed Basalt Composite Reinforcements and External Transverse Reinforcements

During the long-term operation of main run-of-river head powerhouses for hydroelectric power plants, technical changes that deteriorate the operational properties of their reinforced concrete structures can occur. Therefore, in order to substantiate the application of prestressed basalt composite reinforcements to strengthen reinforced concrete hydraulic structures in operation, a set of computational and experimental studies was carried out, taking into account their characteristic features. After 4 years of ageing, the serviceability and reliability of the beams with prestressed basalt composite reinforcements were demonstrated through stabilisation of the prestress losses and the values obtained for bearing capacity, deflection, and the width of the opening of the inter-bay construction joints and the deformations of the metal reinforcements and the basalt composite reinforcements. The bearing capacity of the investigated reinforced concrete beams reinforced with external transverse reinforcements was increased 1.4–2.5 times over that of the variants reinforced with longitudinal prestressed basal composite reinforcements. Furthermore, in this study, the impacts of static loads and seismic effects with a magnitude greater than 8 on the run-of-river hydroelectric power plant powerhouse were calculated based on dynamic design theory. Regarding applications to hydroelectric power plant structures and constructions, for which it is not always possible to determine the location of compressed or tensile zones during their operation nor under seismic action, our research results are suggestive of a reasonably positive effect.

Finite Element Modeling and Artificial Neural Network Analyses on the Flexural Capacity of Concrete T-Beams Reinforced with Prestressed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strands and Non-Prestressed Steel Rebars

The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strands as prestressed reinforcement in prestressed concrete (PC) structures offers an effective solution to the corrosion issues associated with prestressed steel strands. In this study, the flexural behavior of PC beams reinforced with prestressed CFRP strands and non-prestressed steel rebars was investigated using finite element modeling (FEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. First, three-dimensional nonlinear FE models were developed. The FE results indicated that the predicted failure mode, load-deflection curve, and ultimate load agreed well with the previous test results. Variations in prestress level, concrete strength, and steel reinforcement ratio shifted the failure mode from concrete crushing to CFRP strand fracture. While the ultimate load generally increased with a higher prestressed level, an excessively high prestress level reduced the ultimate load due to premature fracture of CFRP strands. An increase in concrete strength and steel reinforcement ratio also contributed to a rise in the ultimate load. Subsequently, the verified FE models were utilized to create a database for training the back propagation ANN (BP-ANN) model. The ultimate moments of the experimental specimens were predicted using the trained model. The results showed the correlation coefficients for both the training and test datasets were approximately 0.99, and the maximum error between the predicted and test ultimate moments was around 8%, demonstrating that the BP-ANN method is an effective tool for accurately predicting the ultimate capacity of this type of PC beam.

Modeling the Time-Dependent Variation of Road Salt Concentrations Using Analytical and Machine-Learning Approaches to Advance Service Life Predictions for Concrete Structures

The exposure of concrete structures to environmental and climatic conditions is detrimental to their durability. In northern climates, the key contributor to their degradation is corrosion of the reinforcing steel because of chloride ions originating from de-icing salts applied on roadways during the winter season. In consequence, a key input parameter for predicting the time to the initiation of corrosion for concrete elements is the time history of the concentration of chloride ions at their surfaces. To investigate this issue, a specialized mobile monitoring station was deployed along a roadway over several winter seasons to collect data on salting operations, weather conditions, and the temporal variation of chloride ion levels on the roadway. At first, salting operations were monitored, and then exploratory and machine-learning algorithms were applied to develop relationships between weather conditions, road conditions, and chloride ion concentrations. The first proposed model is based on the simulation modeling approach, while the second is based on the machine-learning XGBoost model. The findings demonstrate that both models can predict the variation of salt concentration on the road surface as a function of time after a salting operation. By accounting for the time dependency of surface chloride in service life models, more accurate predictions of corrosion initiation time are possible, since the rate of penetration of chloride ions is highly dependent on wetting/drying cycles throughout the winter.

Advanced nonlinear soil-structure interaction model for the seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures

AbstractThis article proposes an advanced nonlinear soil-structure interaction methodology, for the seismic analysis of a nuclear structure. To do so, a study is performed on a nuclear reinforced concrete structure considering the effects of the nonlinearity due to the sliding and rocking at the soil-structure interface, under a Beyond Design Basis Earthquake. A tridimensional numerical model based on the Finite Element Method is developed for the structure and the soil. The model of the structure considers composite materials to describe all the structural members, taking full advantage of the modelling capabilities of the finite element method. The soil layers are modelled assuming their degraded properties due to the propagation of the seismic ground motion. An innovative approach to achieve spectral matching at the surface of the FEM soil model after propagation from the bedrock has been successfully implemented. The seismic analysis on the structure has been performed by considering three hypotheses for the contact between soil and structure: fixed-base, fixed contact and sliding-rocking contact. Insights are provided after comparing floor spectra for the contact approaches assessed in this research, calculated at the systems and components’ locations at the nuclear structure. Finally, a statistical approach for the soil properties allows to study the effects of these uncertainties on the structural response.

High-Performance Concrete from Rubber and Shell Waste Materials: Experimental and Computational Analysis

Waste and its environmental impact have driven the search for sustainable solutions across various industries, including construction. This study explores the incorporation of solid waste in the production of eco-friendly structural concrete, aiming to reduce pollution and promote ecological and sustainable construction practices. In this context, two types of eco-friendly concrete were produced using marine shells and recycled rubber as waste materials and compared with conventional concrete through experimental and computational approaches. The results demonstrated that the concrete with marine shells achieved a compressive strength of 32.4 MPa, 26.5% higher than conventional concrete, and a 1% reduction in weight. In contrast, the recycled rubber concrete exhibited a compressive strength of 22.5 MPa, with a 2 MPa decrease compared to conventional concrete, but a 4.3% reduction in density. Computational analysis revealed that porosity affects Young’s modulus, directly resulting in a reduction in the maximum achievable strength. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to produce eco-friendly structural concrete through the proper integration of industrial waste, contributing to decarbonization and waste valorization.

Research on mechanical properties and pore structure evolution process of steam cured high strength concrete under freeze thaw cycles.

With the widespread use of high-strength concrete structures (HC), the impact of pore structure on their performance has become a current research focus. The mechanism by which different curing conditions and freeze-thaw cycles influence the evolution of pore structure remains unclear. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the frost resistance of high-strength concrete under different curing conditions, measured the mass loss rate, compressive strength, and relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Utilizing low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, this study analyzed the evolution of pore structure in HC under freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally, the fractal dimension was used to evaluate the change of concrete internal pore structure, so as to reflect the influence of pore structure on the mechanical properties of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, and then evaluated the freeze-thaw damage of HC. The experimental results indicated that the steam curing regimes led to an increase in the porosity of HC, thereby influencing its frost resistance. Steam-cured high-strength concrete (SMHC) exhibited a higher degradation rate under freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in a greater level of deterioration compared to standard curing high-strength concrete (SDHC), even under the same number of freeze-thaw cycles.