Structure Of Civil Society Research Articles

The transformative role of the European Union on Turkish civil society a legal framework analysis from recognition to protection

Under the influence of the European Union (EU), the legal framework of civil society in Turkey has undergone significant changes. However, have the normative framework and policy demands of the EU been able to play a transformative role in shaping the legal organization of civil society in Turkey? In this study, we aimed to examine the transformative role of the EU in shaping the legal structure of civil society in Turkey. In the study, the Turkey Progress Reports published by the EU since 2005 were systematically examined, and the legal development of civil society was analyzed. The transformative role of the EU in shaping the legal structure of civil society in Turkey is of critical importance for democratization and strengthening the rule of law in the country. Efforts to align with EU standards have increased the legal recognition and protection of civil society in Turkey. Additionally, the financial and technical support provided by the EU has encouraged legal reforms aimed at enhancing the capacity of civil society organizations in Turkey. Nevertheless, further steps are necessary to fully strengthen and protect the legal structure of civil society.

Etik Problem Olarak Yolsuzluk, Nedenleri ve Yolsuzluğa Karşı Alınabilecek Önlemler

Corruption is a complex ethical issue that has profoundly affected social, economic and political systems in both developed and developing countries throughout history. This study aims to comprehensively discuss the definition of corruption, measurement methods, causes, effects and measures that can be taken against this problem. Corruption can be defined as the abuse of authority by public officials for their personal interests and can occur in various forms such as bribery and embezzlement. Causes of corruption include unclear laws and regulations, opportunities for abuse of power, low income levels, and inadequate enforcement of property rights and the rule of law. The negative effects of corruption are that it weakens the credibility of the state by eroding the social and economic fabric of society and hinders economic development. In this context, measures that can be taken against corruption include strategies such as strengthening the educational and cultural structure, democratization and strengthening of civil society, restructuring the state, transparency and accountability, judicial reform, improving the salaries of public officials and developing religious awareness. This study attempts to find effective and applicable solutions by examining the causes and effects of corruption in depth. Anti-corruption strategies will play an important role in preventing and reducing corruption by raising awareness in all segments of society. Keywords: Corruption, Ethics, Combating Corruption, Transparency, Public

The influence of civil society institutions on the fiscal policy of the state

This article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of civil society institutions on fiscal policy in the Russian Federation. The paper examines the structure of civil society in Russia, examines the place and role of its various institutions (primarily the institute of public control) in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of both the system of constitutional principles and the system of human and civil rights and freedoms, the rights and legitimate interests of public associations, as well as other non–governmental non-profit organizations. The article analyzes the essence and content of the fiscal policy of the state, its place and role in the state policy of the Russian Federation. The paper examines the main factors influencing the formation and development of the fiscal policy of the Russian state. This article uses a number of scientific research methods: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The authors analyzed various approaches to defining the concepts of civil society and fiscal policy of the state, developed and justified the author's definitions of these concepts. The paper substantiates the role of civil society in the system of factors determining the directions of development of the fiscal policy of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the main directions of the impact of various civil society institutions on the formation and development of the fiscal policy of the Russian Federation. The paper formalizes and explores the main problems that hinder the optimization of the processes of influence of civil society institutions on the processes of formation and development of the fiscal policy of the Russian state. The authors have developed and substantiated a system of measures to resolve these problems aimed both at the development of Russian civil society as a whole and at optimizing fiscal policy in the Russian Federation.

Democracy as Ambitendent Phenomenon: Problems of National and Social Solidarity

The article’s intellectual core resides in the examination of social phenomena through the lenses of ambivalence and ambitemptiness. Democracy is conceived through the cultivation of the ideal of national solidarity within the framework of the “indivisible and unified nation” and revolution — values which, according to B. Anderson, individuals do not choose of their own volition. Nevertheless, it functions by virtue of structures that are freely chosen by individuals, specifically political parties and civil society organisations, among which trade unions assume a paramount role in ensuring social solidarity. The author posits that a functioning political democracy, viewed as a historically ambi temptuous phenomenon, necessitates the reanimation of sustained equilibrium between the for ces of social hegemony and counter-hegemony. This revival hinges on transformative shifts in the structure of civil society, particularly reinstatement of pivotal social functions to trade unions. The article underscores the phenomenon of unprecedented demonstrative solidarity exhibited by the Democratic Party of the USA towards the strike movement. The author emphasises that a fully-fledged European liberal democracy was established during its golden age, preceding financial globalisation, as a social democracy. Within its framework, competitive and pluralist elections were complemented by the possibility of nationwide strikes facilitated by trade unions capable of social mobilisation. Proposing the term “political society” to denote the phenomenon encompassing political parties and movements, the article argues that their viability depends on their connection with civil society structures. It is asserted that neither right-wing nor left-wing populism possesses the capacity to fully neutralise “democratic fatigue”.

Civil society in local sustainable transformation – can bottom-up activities meet top-down expectations?

ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to explore whether and how local civil society – grounded in bottom-up activities – responds to a top-down initiative with expectations of sustainable transformation. The focus of our research is the possible role of civil society organizations as agents in collaborations aiming for a forest-based bioeconomy. The research was conducted in a local area within the sparsely populated Swedish region of Värmland, characterized by a strong tradition of forestry. The study is explorative and uses qualitative methods: interviews with representatives of local civil society actors, participant observations of local meetings and workshops, and document analyses. Our results suggest that general policy expectations concerning the inclusion of civil society become vague when operationalized in documents at the regional level, and lack clarity concerning the roles expected from civil society. Civil society organizations (CSOs) contribute in a multitude of ways to local social, economic, and environmental sustainability. However, the inclusion of CSOs as full actors in collaborations requires a greater knowledge of the traditions and structure of Swedish civil society, as well as its conditions and challenges in different local contexts.

Lessons from the Women and Gender Constituency: Interrogating Civil Society Strategies for Organising in the UNFCCC

While scholarship on the topic of gender and the environment is steadily growing, little is known about the challenges faced and successes seen by women and gender NGOs operating as a central part of environment-focused civil society. In this paper, I offer such an analysis, examining the political strategies—rhetorical and procedural—mobilised by the Women and Gender Constituency (WGC) in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). I argue that the WGC has seen lots of success in mobilising arguments that foreground women’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. But at the same time, the constituency has seen far more resistance to more intersectional feminist arguments that interrogate the role of masculinised discursive power in shaping climate politics. This is at least in part a result of a wider structure of civil society that pigeonholes different identities (e.g. gender, youth, indigenous peoples) in a way that separates their deeply interconnected struggles. Understanding this structural barrier, or dark side of civil society, is crucial to envisioning a more fruitful integration of civil society in sustainability politics.

Городской активизм в структуре гражданского общества Хабаровска: социально-политические аспект

Social activity of the city residents, aimed at changing in the different spheres of their life, implemented both in the structures of civil society and in the political organizations, has acquired a sound in scientific discourse as «urban activism.» This term does not have an unambiguous definition, which makes it difficult to operationalize it for sociological measurement, but allows using a number of methodological approaches to study this phenomenon in the structure of civil society in the city of Khabarovsk. Based on the sociology of «social movements» (G. Bloomer) and the analysis of collective actions from the standpoint of frame theory (I. Hoffmann), the article attempted to analyze the results of sociological studies of public opinion of citizens, reflecting indicators of their social activity, involvement in the socio-political sphere and actions of the local authorities. It has been shown that the origins of the low civic and socio-political activity of the citizens are rooted in a state of their concern about the urgent life problems that require their solution. They serve as a driving force, on the one hand, due to dissatisfaction with the real form of life, and on the other, out of desires and hopes for some new structure of their existence. It is noted that the semantic framework and value guidelines in the collective actions of the city community, authorities and activists of political parties are often contradictory and paradoxical, giving rise to indifference and alienation from the population from involvement in collective social activities to change life for the better. Strengthening of the position of civil activism aimed at the development of the city's civil society can be facilitated by targeted information and communication activities and demonstration of the successful initiative projects not only in the improvement of the urban environment, but also in formation of responsible political consciousness and behavior of the citizens.

Discussion on the Relationship Between Civil Society and State and Its Practical Significance

The modern civil society theory was established by Hegel, and Marx perfected it. It is precisely from the question of the relationship between the state and civil society that Marx created a new philosophy of social history. On the basis of combing Marx's civil society theory, this article defines the modern civil society and the state. By comparing Hegel's and Marx's different expositions on the development trend of the relationship between civil society and the state, combined with realistic analysis, further expounds the tendency of the disintegration of the dual structure of civil society and the state. Learn from the experience and lessons of the construction of western civil society, so as to provide valuable practical significance for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Analisis Kebijakan Jakarta Smart City Menuju Masyarakat Madani

This paper aims to analyze and describe the development of the Jakarta Smart Cityter, including the advantages and disadvantages of the Jakarta Smart City which are associated with the use of information and communication technology to move towards civil society after more than four years. The method used in this research is literature review study. The results show that the implementation of Jakarta Smart City components such as smart mobility, smart government, smart economy, smart environment, smart living and smart people has been running well and is highly integrated with the use of information technology. From the research results, it can be concluded that the development of Jakarta Smart City which is now good, the relationship with the use of Information Technology is very close, while the disadvantage of Jakarta Smart City is that the development of information technology innovation is faster than the regulations, meaning that if there is the latest technological innovation it cannot be implemented immediately, must go through the budget regulation system. The structure of civil society in the city of Jakarta has been seen by the number of developments in large public areas and freedom from politics without any pressure. The government, the private sector and the public have collaborated in the development of a more innovative and transparent Jakarta.

СТРУКТУРА ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В ПОЛИТИКО-ПРАВОВОМ УЧЕНИИ И.Л. СОЛОНЕВИЧА

In this article, based on the analysis of the works of I.L. Solonevich, the relevance of his political and legal views on the structure of civil society is substantiated. It is concluded that its main elements should be trade unions, local self-government bodies and religious organizations.

Gay and Lesbian Liberation in the Low Countries: From Stonewall to Pink Pillar

Abstract This article examines the legacy of Stonewall in the Netherlands and Belgium, exploring how the gay and lesbian liberation movement resonated with pre-existing activism, national political cultures, and the peculiar structure of civil society in the Low Countries. American influences were real but limited until the later 1970s when the emergence of anti-gay politics in the US fuelled international solidarity under the flag of Stonewall and Gay Pride. The Dutch and Flemish authorities’ willingness to accommodate the mainstream movements early on limited the appeal and effectiveness of confrontational liberationism.

Co-creating social value in placemaking: the grand balancing act

Social value in the built environment refers to the social impact any organisation or project in that sector makes on its many and varied stakeholders. This involves different agents, such as design and planning professionals, engineering and construction professionals and workers, trades, facilities management providers and their personnel and community groups and their members. This paper examines social value activities with a focus on placemaking and shows how in the Midlands, UK, regional strategic influence, consultant, design and planning efforts relate to the Useful Projects Social Value Maturity Framework and align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The authors highlight how the agents collectively help ensure that Nottingham is one exemplar city with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operates regularly and democratically; how their activities help improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning; and how they together ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision making at all levels. The paper presents a transformative case study of social value in practice, which has a partnerships model at its heart, and the potential to inform future methodologies for business and community engagement to improve social outcomes

Impact of the Orthodox Church upon the development of civil society in Russia

The subject of this article is the impact of Orthodox Church upon the development of civil society in Russia. The goal is to reveal the role of the Orthodox Church within the structure of Russian civil society, analyze the evolution of civil society in Russia, shed light on interaction between the government and civil society, and demonstrate what unites the Orthodox Church and civil society in Russia. The article leans on the “Fundamentals of Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church”, data of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, public chamber of St. Petersburg, “Center for the Development of Nonprofit Organizations”, etc. The scientific novelty lies in disclosure of the role of Orthodox Church within the structure of Russian civil society; analysis of the evolution of civil society in Russia; clarification of the peculiarities of interaction between the government and civil society, as well as what unites the Orthodox Church and civil society in Russia. The conclusion is drawn that the role of Orthodox Church as the civil institution in political relations is defined by the following factors: 1) as the guardian of the highest religious values, the Church is the “sense of conscience” of the civil society; Church is the civil institution for defending the public interest; 3) Church is the interlink between the private and common interests, as well as ensures social integration; 4) Church is the guardian of not only personal faith, but collective identity as well. The religious majority tends to view their faith as a social “ethics”, while the religious minorities rather view it as ethnic affiliation.

Гражданское общество на Северном Кавказе: женская активность и женские организации

The article examines the social activity of women and women's organizations in the context of the development of civil society in the North Caucasus. The article is based on the analysis of the materials of a sociological study conducted in 2020–2021 in 4 republics of the North Caucasus. The article shows the features of the activity of women's organizations, the main directions and goals of women's initiatives, the problems of implementing tasks. The author identifies several types of organizations and notes an extremely low level of interaction between them. Based on expert interviews with representatives of civil society, the paper shows their self-perception, and potential. The author evaluates the role of women's organizations (NGOs) in the structure of civil society in the region, and suggests ways to increase constructive and socially significant women's activity.  

Territorial factor of segregation of Russian citizens living abroad

A person’s place of residence often plays a significant role in his fate; moreover, it can act as a discriminatory moment. Specifically, the place of residence of a Russian citizen contributes to his reckoning with a certain caste, which can only be changed by changing the place of residence, and even then not always. In the conditions of modern Russian society, Russian citizens living abroad, especially in the countries of the “black list”, are often impaired in their rights; find themselves in a discriminatory position, which may indicate a kind of unofficial segregation. At the same time, legislatively at the federal level, this defeat in rights depending on the place of residence does not exist; however, it is implemented through laws of a lower order, as well as in the form of an unofficial policy in diplomatic missions, which, according to the convention, should, on the contrary, protect the interests of fellow citizens. Taking into account migration statistics, this type of segregation affects about 16-18% of Russian citizens, and this is a large part of Russian society. Such unofficial segregation can definitely deform Russian society in two directions: lead to a change in the structure of Russian civil society with the allocation of different degrees of citizenship to those more or less impaired in rights - this would legitimize Russia as a country disloyal to its own citizens - or force it to abandon discriminatory laws and traditional concepts, raising a new generation of officials and diplomats, which would contribute to strengthening the international authority of Russia in the world.

Civil society in European and domestic political and legal consciousness: historical and theoretical aspect

Introduction. Systematic study and implementation of the positive experience of the European political and legal consciousness of civil society, identification of effective technologies for the formation of its values is the most important task in the implementation of legal changes in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the historical and theoretical understanding of civil society in European and domestic legal consciousness, to reveal the features of building the structure of civil society, its functions aimed at achieving high standards of quality of life and democratic rights and freedoms in society. Result. The idea of civil society, its essence and relationship with the state in the history of foreign, domestic political and legal thought is a long way. Based on the analysis of scholars' views, it can be argued that the concept is multidimensional, and some authors consider its essence in different directions, so the author proposes to clarify and supplement the structure of civil society organizational, communication, spiritual, cultural and informational components that correspond to certain areas of life. Conclusions. Having considered the history of the development of approaches to civil society, the author developed the essence of the definition of “civil society”, namely: it is an institution of independent public relations, operating on a democratic basis, in the process of preparation, decision-making and monitoring economic, social, cultural, spiritual, legal and political relations. The structural elements of civil society have been improved, which, in contrast to the existing ones, additionally include organizational, communication, spiritual, cultural and information components. It was found that the value and significance of civil society should be based on the interaction of different functions and take into account human rights, information, ideological and educational functions.

Mapping the Field of Nonprofit Management and Philanthropic Studies in Canada: Cross-Country Comparison of Curricular Offerings

This paper provides the most comprehensive mapping to date of the current state of nonprofit management and philanthropic studies (NMPS) education programs in Canada. One of the more significant findings of this study is both the number and types of Canadian NMPS programs offered in the historically French-speaking province of Quebec, versus the predominantly English-speaking parts of the rest of Canada. We hypothesize that differences in the structure of civil society between English- and French-speaking parts of the country may have led to a differentiation in both the number and types of NMPS programs offered in the two regions. Canada is an apparent hybrid of the “welfare partnership” model found in many “continental European” countries, such as France, and the Anglo-Saxon model predominantly found in the United States, the United Kingdom, and some other members of the British Commonwealth. Given this hybridity, we compare the course offerings of French and English-speaking Canadian NMPS programs with those of other member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OCED) employing Esping-Anderson’s regime types as a comparative framework. This comparison reveals no strong correlations between these regime types and the nature of their NMPS curricular offerings. We follow this analysis with a more comprehensive comparison of American and Canadian NMPS education and offer a brief historical overview of the latter. We found significant differences in the NMPS education between these two countries, both qualitative and quantitative. Most significantly, a much larger proportion of Canadian post-secondary education institutions have programs that include at least some NMPS curricula, whereas there is a much larger proportion of programs in American institutions with NMPS as their primary focus. We then conclude by suggesting two potential paths of development lie ahead for Canadian NMPS programs: one follows the current status quo, dispersing programs among many programs and actors, the other sees the establishment of more centres specializing in NMPS education in a few select institutions, and also possible consolidation in programs for which it is a more peripheral concern.

Between Facts and Norms: CSR Communication and the Reproduction of Power

Whereas research generally assumes a positive role of CSR communication, this study, in line with recent critical work, investigates the power dynamics that underlie CSR communication within the public sphere. Building on Habermas’ empirical conditions for public deliberation, we examine how corporate power not only settles into CSR communication but also reproduces the wrong structure of global civil society. Through critical semiotic multimodal analysis of CSR videos of reputable multinational companies, we uncovered three communicative types of CSR, CSR as Rescuing, Preaching and Facilitating, that impair, in different ways, an inclusive and responsive civil society. These findings contribute to understanding power within CSR communication in terms of 1) exclusionary constructions of local communities and 2) non-responsiveness of the audience through colonizing the public sphere with business logic.

Особенности социально-психологической структуры гражданского общества Республики Крым

Особенности социально-психологической структуры гражданского общества Республики Крым

The social community of parents as a part of civil society

The traditional subjects of civil society, which have been active for a long period of time, are losing their former influence and importance. Researchers point out a decrease in the population’s civil engagement in many countries of the world. The existing concepts of civil society are losing their explanatory power. This article presents an attempt to resolve the issue in question. The purpose of this article is to analyze the social community of parents as a new subject of civil society. In order to achieve this goal, civil society is examined from a community approach standpoint, according to which it is interpreted as a special form of social community. Its specific nature is conditioned by the fact that such a community consists of individuals (and their associations) which support distinct needs, interests and value orientations. It is shown that individuals (and their associations), when possessing the necessary resources (mainly social capital), engage in cooperative actions to fulfill and protect their needs and interests within certain boundaries of time and space. The article stresses the fact that such activity turns into a dominant model of living, in other words – a lifestyle for members of a civil society community. Analyzed are the key characteristics, functions and the structure of civil society as a social community, together with the creation and development of a parent community within it as a new element of the former. This serves as a foundation for demonstrating that the modern parent community is evolving. While preserving its traditional community features and functions, the social community of parents is acquiring more traits and functions inherent to a civil society community, transforming into a special type of the latter. The gradual process of integrating the parent social community into the community structure of civil society is shown. Also highlighted is the fact that this process is occurring with varying intensity in time and space, as a result of the non-uniformity and inconsistency of the parent community itself. The objective disparity between parents affects their degree of involvement in practices of civil society, as well as the nature of interactions within and between communities. The article suggests regarding the interior structure of the parent community as dynamic, consisting of a core, semi-periphery and periphery. The conclusion states that in modern conditions the parent community turns into what drives the development of civil society.