Structure-effect Relationship Research Articles

Spirobifluorene-Based D-A Type Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts for Water Splitting

Exploring synthetic pathways for efficient photocatalysts has always been a major goal in catalysis. The performance of organic photocatalysts is affected by a variety of complex factors, and how to understand the structure–effect relationship is the key to designing efficient photocatalysts. This work explored the feasibility of constructing large-specific-surface-area conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) based on stereoscopic units like spirobifluorene and achieving efficient photocatalytic activity by modulating the donor–acceptor (D-A) ratio with dibenzothiophene sulfone. Crosslinked pore structures were successfully constructed, and the specific surface area increased with the ratio of spirobifluorene. When the molar ratio of D-A was 1:20, polymer Spso-3 showed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production activity, at 22.4 mmol h–1 g–1. The findings indicate that constructing D-A type CMPs should be a promising approach to improving the performance of photocatalytic water separation. The appropriate push–pull effect of the D-A structure promotes the photo-induced separation of electron–hole pairs, and the porous structure built on steric units offers ample space for catalytic reactions. This work could provide case references for structural design and the structure–effect relationship of efficient polymer photocatalysts.

Efficient utilization of lignin heterogeneity: Employing a simple approach to modulate the structure-effect relationship of lignin microspheres for its high-quality applications in supercapacitors

Lignin, an abundant, sustainable, and cost-effective biomass material, is recognized for its high carbon content, making it an ideal candidate for supercapacitors electrode. However, the inhomogeneity of lignin and the amorphous structure of lignin-derived carbon limit its application in energy storage. To effectively address the aforementioned issues, this study initially fractionated alkali lignin (AL) using a green γ-valerolactone/water system to obtain two fractions (L1 and L2) with distinct molecular weights and phenolic hydroxyl contents. The aim of this initiative was to reduce the heterogeneity of the lignin. Subsequently, three groups of lignin microspheres (LMS-AL, LMS-L1 and LMS-L2) with different morphologies were prepared from AL, L1, and L2 using an industrially proven spray-drying technique. This initiative significantly increased the specific surface area of lignin. Ultimately, lignin microspheres were carbonized to prepare carbon microspheres (LMSC-AL, LMSC-L1 and LMSC-L2) that could be used as supercapacitor electrodes. Notably, LMSC-L1 demonstrated superior electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 200 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and retaining 93.34 % capacitance after 15,000 charge/discharge cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of LMSC-L1 is attributed to its elevated specific surface area (388.1 m2 g−1) and substantial porosity (0.238 cm3 g−1). This study also explored practical application, with LMSC-L1 successfully powering LED lights and calculators. Through this research, we have developed a simple method is proposed to modulate the structure of lignin microspheres by leveraging the heterogeneity of lignin itself. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the structure-effect relationship of lignin microspheres and the electrochemical properties of their carbonized microspheres. This work lays a foundational framework for the efficient utilization of lignin in energy storge applications.

Quantitative analyzing the effect of pore distribution on formation of active layer for forward osmosis membrane

The morphology and performance of polyamide active layer can be controlled by the pore size and surface porosity of support layer. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to elucidate the impact of pore distribution and the specific role of each pore. Therefore, by introducing polyetherimide (PEI) as a sacrificial top layer, the support layer with a wide pore distribution was prepared by co-casting method. A mathematical model was developed to enable the estimation of the impact of each pore radius and pore distribution on the structure and performance of the active layer. During interfacial polymerization process, the surface pore size and distribution of the support layer influenced the incipient film which consists of the polyamide colloids and dominates the successive growth of polyamide layer. It was suggested that both average pore radius and pore distribution contributed to the composite of incipient film. The overall η of 1.77 for S75 corresponded to an incipient film composed of linear polyamide terminated with MPD and fully cross-linked polyamide, resulting in the best performing membrane (C75) with DC of 0.75 and structural parameter as low as 230 μm. A comparison of C75 with C0 revealed an increase in water flux of 138 % and a minor increase in salt flux of 6.37 %. This work presents a novel approach to enhancing the performance of FO membranes and offers a new perspective on the structure-effect relationship.

Straw-based biochar prepared from multi-step KOH activation and its structure-effect relationship of CO2 capture under atmospheric/pressurized conditions via experimental analysis and MD/DFT calculations

Porous carbon-based CO2 capture holds great promise. However, the preparation process, pore structure and oxygen/nitrogen functional groups of porous carbon on CO2 adsorption still remain unclear. Herein, we develope straw-based biochar with ultra-high specific surface area(SSA), high micropore ratio and different O/N content by modifying the two-step KOH activation procedure and confirm the KOH activation mechanism, CO2 adsorption characteristics, and the structure-effect relationship of CO2 capture. The KOH activation process is controlled by the activation temperature and is divided into five temperature zones. The pickling treatment enhanced the activation effect of biochar, with a SSA of 3567.33 m2/g and a microporous ratio of 96.05 %. The potassium-containing active components reacts with the defective carbon structure above 800 °C catalyzed by alkali and alkaline earth metals(AAEMs), but reacts with the aliphatic hydrocarbon group after pickling. H-4–9-4-m has a maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 24.77 mmol/g (25 °C/30 bar), whereas 4–9-2-m has a maximum capacity of 3.46 (25 °C/1 bar) and 5.42 mmol/g (0 °C/1 bar) and outstanding CO2/N2 selectivity (123 at 0.02 bar). The pressurized CO2 adsorption capacity is positively correlated with total pore volume. While under atmospheric pressure, the optimal adsorption site of biochar at 25 °C is ultramicroporous(0.5 nm) and oxygen-containing functional groups, and transforms into ultramicroporous(0.7 nm) and N-5 groups at 0 °C. The simulation results show that 0.5 nm is the pore size of CO2 adsorption from monolayer to bilayer, and both oxygen/nitrogen-containing groups could increase the CO2 adsorption capacity of biochar. This study provides guidance for the preparation of excellent carbon-based CO2 adsorbents according to application scenarios.

Investigating mechanism of enhanced anti-fouling performance of MXene modified Janus MD membrane by XDLVO theory combined with surface elemental integration method

Organic membrane fouling is a major obstacle to the application of membrane distillation in low surface tension wastewater treatment. Membrane modification might be an effective way to mitigate membrane fouling. This study mainly explored the mechanism of enhanced anti-fouling performance of the MXene modified PVDF membrane by applying XDLVO theory combined with surface elemental integration (SEI) method. The rough membrane surfaces were first reconstructed using fractal function. Then, the interaction energy between low surface tension substances and the membranes before and after modification was calculated. The results showed that oil droplets and surfactant fouling were mainly caused by hydrophobic attraction due to Lewis acid-base (AB) interaction energy. By modifying the virgin PVDF membrane with MXene nanoparticles, the polar component of membrane surface tension (γAB) increased significantly, so that the interaction energy between all contaminants and membrane surface changed from attraction to repulsion. In addition, roughness weakened the interaction energy between contaminants and membrane surface but significantly lengthened the range of interaction distance, which together determined the ability of the membrane to attract or repel the contaminants. These findings may improve the understanding of the structure-effect relationship between membrane modification and anti-fouling ability, and provide new insights into the membrane modification for MD.

Thiol-Ene Click Reaction Modified Triazinyl-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Pb(II) Ion Effective Removal.

As a common water pollutant, Pb2+ has harmful effects on the nervous, hematopoietic, digestive, renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. Due to the drawbacks of traditional adsorbents such as structural disorder, poor stability, and difficulty in introducing adsorption active sites, the adsorption capacity is low, and it is difficult to accurately study the adsorption mechanism. Herein, vinyl-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were synthesized at room temperature, and sulfur-containing active groups were introduced by the click reaction. By precisely tuning the chemical structure of the sulfur-containing reactive groups through the click reaction, we found that the adsorption activity of the sulfhydryl group was higher than that of the sulfur atom in the thioether. Moreover, the incorporation of flexible linking groups was observed to enhance the adsorption activity at the active site. The maximum adsorption capacity of the postmodified COF TAVA-S-Et-SH for Pb(II) reached 303.0 mg/g, which is 2.9 times higher than that of the unmodified COF. This work not only demonstrates the remarkable potential of the "thiol-ene" click reaction for the customization of active adsorption sites but also demonstrates the remarkable potential of the "thiol-alkene" click reaction to explore the structure-effect relationship between the active adsorption sites and the metal ion adsorption capacity.

Relationship Between Stress Modulated Metallicity and Plasmon in Graphene Nanoribbons.

Nanoscale quantum plasmon is an important technology that restricts the application of optics, electricity, and graphene photoelectric devices. Establishing a structure-effect relationship between the structure of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) under stress regulation and the properties of plasmons is a key scientific issue for promoting the application of plasmons in micro-nano photoelectric devices. In this study, zigzag graphene nanoribbon (Z-GNR) and armchair graphene nanoribbon (A-GNR) models of specific widths were constructed, and density functional theory (DFT) was used to study their lattice structure, energy band, absorption spectrum, and plasmon effects under different stresses. The results showed that the Z-GNR band gap decreased with increasing stress, and the A-GNR band gap changed periodically with increasing stress. The plasmon effects of the A-GNRs and Z-GNRs appeared in the visible region, whereas the absorption spectrum showed a redshift trend, indicating the range of the plasmon spectrum also underwent significant changes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of graphene nanoribbons in the field of optoelectronics under strain-engineering conditions.

Layer-by-layer assembled magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for highly specific separation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate: Relations between adsorption properties and imprinted layers

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are an effective method to accurately recognize and isolate targets. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMPs) are typical nucleoside compounds widely used as intermediates and raw materials in the pharmaceutical field with high medicinal potential. In this work, molecularly imprinted adsorbents with fast magnetic response recovery were obtained for the selective separation of AMP by covering MIPs with AcrU and AM as functional monomers and AMP as a template molecule on the surfaces of Fe3O4 NPs, and then by layer-by-layer (LBL) assembling of the MIPs realized through glutaraldehyde (GA) mediation. Static adsorption experiments have been utilized to explore the adsorption effects of different numbers of imprinted layers. The experimental results showed that the Fe3O4@MIPs-LBL2 covered with two layers of MIPs had the best imprinting effect (IF = 2.50), and the adsorption of AMP by Fe3O4@MIPs-LBL2 was dominated by chemisorption, with the saturation adsorption capacity reaching 105.72 μmol g−1, it could adsorb and separate AMP efficiently from the actual sample (human urine). The magnetic responsiveness solves the problem of difficult recovery and high recovery loss of nano-imprinted adsorbents. Notably, this work not only proposes a magnetic imprinted adsorbent for selective separation of AMP, but also explores the structure-effect relationship between the number of layers of MIPs and adsorption performance, which provides a new inspiration for improving the performance of molecular imprinting techniques.

Discussion on structure classification and regulation function of histone deacetylase and their inhibitor.

Epigenetic regulation of genes through posttranslational regulation of proteins is a well-explored approach for disease treatment, particularly in cancer chemotherapy. Histone deacetylases have shown significant potential as effective drug targets in therapeutic studies aiming to restore epigenetic normality in oncology. Besides their role in modifying histones, histone deacetylases can also catalyze the deacetylation of various nonhistone proteins and participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes. This paper provides a review of the classification, structure, and functional characteristics of the four classes of human histone deacetylases. The increasing abundance of structural information on HDACs has led to the gradual elucidation of structural differences among subgroups and subtypes. This has provided a reasonable explanation for the selectivity of certain HDAC inhibitors. Currently, the US FDA has approved a total of six HDAC inhibitors for marketing, primarily for the treatment of various hematological tumors and a few solid tumors. These inhibitors all have a common pharmacodynamic moiety consisting of three parts: CAP, ZBG, and Linker. In this paper, the structure-effect relationship of HDAC inhibitors is explored by classifying the six HDAC inhibitors into three main groups: isohydroxamic acids, benzamides, and cyclic peptides, based on the type of inhibitor ZBG. However, there are still many questions that need to be answered in this field. In this paper, the structure-functional characteristics of HDACs and the structural information of the pharmacophore model and enzyme active region of HDAC is are considered, which can help to understand the inhibition mechanism of the compounds as well as the rational design of HDACs. This paper integrates the structural-functional characteristics of HDACs as well as the pharmacophore model of HDAC is and the structural information of the enzymatic active region, which not only contributes to the understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the compounds, but also provides a basis for the rational design of HDAC inhibitors.

Advances in Phytochemistry and Modern Pharmacology of Saposhnikovia Divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.

Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk (S. divaricata, Fangfeng) is a herb in the Apiaceae family, and its root has been used since the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C.). Chromones and coumarins are the pharmacologically active substances in S. divaricata. Modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated their antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anticoagulant activities. Technological and analytical strategy theory advancements have yielded novel results; however, most investigations have been limited to the main active substances-chromones and coumarins. Hence, we reviewed studies related to the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of S. divaricata, analyzed the developing trends and challenges, and proposed that research should focus on components' synergistic effects. We also suggested that, the structure-effect relationship should be prioritized in advanced research.

Microwave-coordinated KOH directionally modulated N/O co-doped porous biochar from Enteromorpha and its structure–effect relationships in efficient CO2 capture

To develop the CO2 adsorption capacity of Enteromorpha-based biochar, N/O co-doped porous biochar (NOBC) was directionally modulated by microwave-coordinated KOH, and the CO2 capture mechanism was explored by structure-effect relationship and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. NOBC with different porous structures and heteroatom contents were prepared by optimization of key parameters (microwave heating temperature, heating time, and KOH ratio) via Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that NOBC(700–20-3) had the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 6.09 mol/kg (273 K and 1 bar) and the CO2/N2 selectivity of 78.88 (298 K and 1 bar). After 5 cycles, the CO2 adsorption capacity of NOBC(700–20-3) was still up to 5.98 mol/kg (273 K and 1 bar), showing good cycling performance. The structure-effect relationship analysis showed that the CO2 capture performance of NOBC was proportional to the specific surface area, micropore ratios, graphitization degree, and heteroatoms contents, and inversely proportional to the mean pore diameter. DFT indicated that the synergistic effect between N and O elements developed the CO2 adsorption ability by boosting the affinity and electron transfer between NOBC and CO2. This work contributed to providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the targeted modulation of porous structures and improved surface properties of biochar for efficient CO2 adsorption.

The structure-effect relationship between inline high shear mixers and micromixing: Experiment and CFD simulation

High shear mixers (HSMs) can facilitate rapid reactions and control nanoparticle preparation due to their excellent micromixing, but little is known about the sophisticated relationship between HSM geometry and micromixing. Herein, experiments and numerical simulations along with a modified finite rate/eddy dissipation model are used to investigate how structure influences micromixing. Micromixing and chemical reaction results at different rotor–stator relative positions are presented, and structure-effect relationships between rotor–stator structure and micromixing are explored. A larger rotor–stator row can help reduce fluid backmixing and short-circuiting, and a smaller shear gap may increase energy dissipation, as well as a wider slot that will extend the residence time of H+ in the high energy dissipation region. In all these ways, HSM micromixing will be improved. Micromixing time tm (about 10-4 s) is obtained based on E model and incorporation model, and the HSM selection guide for fast chemical reactions is presented.

Advanced and Stable Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Energy Storage and Conversion: The Structure-Effect Relationship of Heteroatoms in Carbon.

Ever-developing energy device technologies require the exploration of advanced materials with multiple functions. Heteroatom-doped carbon has been attracting attention as an advanced electrocatalyst for zinc-air fuel cell applications. However, the efficient use of heteroatoms and the identification of active sites are still worth investigating. Herein, a tridoped carbon is designed in this work with multiple porosities and high specific surface area (980 m-2 g-1). The synergistic effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and oxygen (O) in micromesoporous carbon on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis are first investigated comprehensively. Metal-free N-, P-, and O-codoped micromesoporous carbon (NPO-MC) exhibits attractive catalytic activity in zinc-air batteries and outperforms a number of other catalysts. Combined with a detailed study of N, P, and O dopants, four optimized doped carbon structures are employed. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are made for the codoped species. The lowest free energy barrier for the ORR can be attributed to the pyridine nitrogen and N-P doping structures, which is an important reason for the remarkable performance of NPO-MC catalyst in electrocatalysis.

Effect of phosphorus vacancies on activity of Fe-doped Nickel phosphide by NaBH4 reduction for efficient oxygen evolution under alkaline conditions

The development of effective, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts through oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is important but also very difficult. Anion defects are used to control the active sites of electrocatalysts. In this study, we persent an easy NaBH4 reduction strategy for engineering a novel Fe-doped nickel phosphide material with phosphorus vacancies, (i.e., Fe-Ni2P (PV)) for OER. Interestingly, this easy NaBH4 reduction tactic can fulfill defects engineering (i.e., P vacancies). The P vacancies can adjust the electronic structures of electrocatalyst for OER. Fe-Ni2P (PV) has outstanding OER performance, e.g., a lower overpotential (290 mV at 10 mA cm−2), smaller Tafel slope (41.15 mV dec-1), and excellent durability (93.5% for 12 h) under alkaline condition. This work indicates the detailed structural changes of NaBH4 reduction treated-engineered materials and improves understanding of the structure-effect relationship of high performance OER electrocatalyst.

The binding mechanism of oat phenolic acid to whey protein and its inhibition mechanism against AGEs as revealed using spectroscopy, chromatography and molecular docking.

Heat sterilization of dairy products can promote the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein oxidation products (POPs) and α-dicarbonyl compounds, which have a significant influence on health due to the close association of these products with diabetes complications. In this study, eight oat phenolic acids were first analyzed for their inhibitory effect against AGEs formation. Due to their strong inhibitory effects and structural differences, caffeic acid (CA) and gallic acid (GA) were further selected to assess their anti-glycosylation mechanisms using spectroscopy, chromatography and molecular docking. CA/GA reduced the production of total AGEs and POPs in various bovine milk simulation models and protected whey proteins from structural modifications, oxidation, and cross-linking. Comparative analyses showed a structure-effect relationship between CA/GA and AGEs inhibition. Oat phenolic acids against AGEs and POPs might be related to the unique bonding of key amino acid residues in whey proteins, the inhibitory role of early fructosamine and the trapping of reactive α-dicarbonyl groups to form adducts. In conclusion, oat phenolic acids might present a promising dietary strategy to alleviate AGEs production and glycation of proteins in dairy products upon storage.

Structure-effect relationship studies of polysaccharides based on receptor-active centres: an alternative view.

Polysaccharides are ubiquitous biomolecules found in nature that have attracted research interest due to their unique nutritional and pharmacological value. Their structural variability is the basis for the diversification of their biological functions, but it also increases the difficulty of polysaccharide research. This review proposes a downscaling strategy and corresponding technologies based on the receptor-active centre. Low molecular weight, high purity, and homogeneous active polysaccharide/oligosaccharide fragments (AP/OFs) obtained by a controlled degradation of polysaccharides and graded activity screening will simplify the study of complex polysaccharides. The historical origins of polysaccharide receptor-active centres are summarized, and the principle-verification processes involved in this hypothesis and their implications for practical use are introduced. Successful cases of emerging technologies will be reviewed in detail and the specific hurdles that AP/OFs pose will be discussed. Finally, we will give an outlook on current limitations and possible future applications of receptor-active centres in the field of polysaccharides.

Cyano-substituted stilbene (CSS)-based conjugated polymers: Photophysical properties exploration and applications in photodynamic therapy

Conjugated polymers (CPs) have attracted great attention due to their excellent optical properties (such as large absorption cross section, signal amplification, high photostability etc.). As representative electron acceptors and organic small molecules which are easy to be synthesized and modified, cyano-substituted stilbene (CSS) derivatives are widely used to construct photoelectrical materials. Despite donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers based on CSS have been applied in sensing and super-resolution imaging, systematic studies about the effects of different CSS structures on the photophysical properties of CPs have rarely been reported. Therefore, we have synthesized a series of D-A conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CP NPs) based on different CSS units, and found that the photophysical properties of CP NPs including the bandgap and ΔES-T were closely associated with the structure of CSS derivatives. Moreover, the introduction of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) can relieve the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects of CSS conjugated polymers to varying degrees. The theoretical calculation further corroborated that by regulating the number and distribution of cyanide groups in the repeating units, the stronger D-A strength resulted in a redshift in the emission spectrum and the more efficient capacity of total ROS (1O2, O2•− and •OH) generation. We then selected CP6-TAT NPs, with the near infrared (NIR) emission and best ФPS, to characterize its performance in photodynamic therapy (PDT). It was revealed that CP6-TAT NPs can be regarded as an ideal candidate for PDT. The results provided a new reference for regulating the structure-effect relationship of CPs and a comprehensive method for constructing photosensitizers based on CPs.

Tailoring metal-support interactions via tuning CeO2 particle size for enhancing CO2 methanation activity over Ni/CeO2 catalysts

Interfaces derived from metal-support interaction (MSI) and related oxygen vacancies are generally recognized as main factors affecting on CO2 methanation performance, but the interaction between these two factors is not yet very clear. To better understand the role of complicated MSI and associated oxygen vacancy for CO2 methanation, we designed the CeO2 nanocubes with different sizes as support and prepared supported Ni catalysts to study the relationship between MSI and catalytic performance. HRTEM, XRD, BET, Raman and XPS characterization results confirmed that the MSI and related oxygen vacancy concentration could be modulated by CeO2 size. The impact of oxygen vacancy and phase interface on activating reactant molecules (CO2/H2) was evidenced by HRTEM and CO2/H2-TPD results. The CO2 conversion rate on the Ni/CeO2-6M at 548 K is about three times that on the Ni/CeO2-12M, which is attributed to its lower activation energy. Furthermore, in-situ FT-IR results for CO2 hydrogenation on the Ni/CeO2-6M proved that CO2 methanation followed the formate pathway and the methoxy/carbonyls are key intermediates to produce CH4. The structure-effect relationship was further explored to show the size effect on Ni-CeO2 interaction interfaces and enhanced methanation performance.

Enhancement of an efficient enzyme cocktail from Penicillium consortium on biodegradation of pretreated poplar

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant feedstock in production of bio-based fuels and materials. In order to achieve high conversion efficiency, enzyme cocktail has been assessed by numerous studies as a powerful tool to allocate diverse specific activities in one matrix. This study reported an efficient cellulase cocktail produced by co-cultivation of several Penicillium strains with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) producing strains. The optimal inoculum proportion was screened with hydrolysis yield as the indicator and through ANOVA analysis. When blending the consortium-derived enzyme cocktail with commercial cellulase preparation, the highest hydrolysis yield reached 88.7%, equivalent to 32% increase compared to using commercial cellulase alone. The behind structure-effect relationship between the substrate and enzymatic degradation was illustrated. Comparative analysis of the enzyme components, activities and the strains transcriptome provided a comprehensive evaluation and insights of the proposed Penicillium consortium, indicating it as a potent cellulase cocktail producer for enhancing lignocellulose biodegradation.

Entropy-Induced Selectivity Switch in Gold Catalysis: Fast Access to Indolo[1,2-a]quinolines.

New N-heterocyclic compounds for organic functional materials and their efficient syntheses are highly demanded. A surprising entropy-induced selectivity switch in the gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of 2-ethynyl N-aryl indoles was found and its exploitation led to straightforward syntheses of indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations gave insight into this uncommon selectivity phenomenon and into the special reactivity of the indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. The high functional group tolerance of this methodology enabled access to a diverse scope with high yields. In addition, bidirectional approaches, post-functionalization reactions, and π-extension of the core structure were feasible. An in-depth study of the photophysical properties explored the structure-effect relationship for different derivatives and revealed a high potential of these compounds for future applications as functional materials.