Structural Reform In China Research Articles

Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Chinese Farmers’ Adoption of Green Production Technologies

During a critical period of structural reform in China’s agricultural supply chain, accelerating the promotion and application of green production technologies emerges as a pivotal strategy to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products while advancing agricultural modernization. This study empirically examines the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of green production technologies using an ordered logistic model based on survey data collected from 533 respondents in Shandong Province. The survey targeted regions where major economic crops such as corn and soybeans are cultivated, employing simple random sampling to ensure the data’s representativeness and reliability. The findings underscore several critical factors influencing farmers’ willingness to adopt green production technologies, including the presence of quality inspections, evaluations of restrictions on prohibited pesticide use, sales performance of green products, availability of government subsidies, and traceability of agricultural products. To foster greater adoption of green production technologies and propel the transformation of China’s agriculture, it is recommended to advocate and guide green agricultural practices, enhance green agricultural subsidy policies, and strengthen agricultural product market management systems. These measures are essential for ensuring sustainable agricultural development in China.

Construction of "Professional-Entrepreneurial Integration" Education System of Musicology in Local Applied Universities

With the vigorous promotion of supply-side structural reform in China, it has become necessary for application-oriented undergraduate universities to cultivate high-quality talents with both innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability in the new era. The curriculum reform and construction of "professional and entrepreneurship integration" in applied colleges and universities is a response to the existing social talent demand and problems in the curriculum setting of colleges and universities majoring in music. This paper examines the status of music colleges at various applied universities in Anhui province through interviews and investigations. According to the survey results， musicology majors in applied colleges and universities have established a multifaceted system for evaluating teaching and have achieved a hierarchical development of students' abilities. They have fully implemented a project-based results process rating system. This is highly significant in constructing a "Professional-Entrepreneurship Integration" education system for musicology majors in local applied colleges and universities, which can serve the development of regional culture.

Research on Social Participation Willingness and Path Optimization of Characteristic Towns from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

In the context of promoting new urbanization and supply-side structural reform in China, the establishment of characteristic towns has become an important starting point for local governments to implement the "rural revitalization strategy" and accelerate industrial agglomeration, so it is necessary to conduct systematic analysis and research on characteristic towns. As one of the 27 cities in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta, Wuhu has enjoyed the reputation of "Jiangdong Famous Town" and "Wuchu Resort" since ancient times. Based on the research of previous literature, this paper summarizes the development process of cultural and creative towns in China, focusing on the current situation of the public's cognition of Yingang Town, the willingness to participate in the construction of Yingang characteristic town, and the fit and satisfaction between the actual situation and expectations after participating in the characteristic town, which is of great significance for the construction of Yingang Yichuang characteristic town.

Does Environmental Regulation of Cleaner Production Affect the Position of Enterprises in Global Value Chains? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Implementation of Cleaner Production

Present-day supply-side structural reform in China places an abundance of emphasis on environmental protection. In this paper, we re-measure the upstreamness of Chinese enterprises in global value chains as described by Ni Hongfu (2022). Subsequently, the impact of environmental regulations on the global value chain position of Chinese firms is studied in depth, using the cleaner production standards promulgated and implemented by the Chinese government in 2003 as a quasi-natural experiment, taking a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The data sources employed include the Cleaner Production Standard Implementation Industry Directory, the World Input–Output Database (WIOD), the China Industrial Enterprise Database, and the China Customs Import and Export Database. This research discovered the following: First, adopting cleaner production standards significantly improves Chinese enterprises’ positions in the global value chain—a conclusion that holds up to a number of robustness tests. Second, in terms of firm size, capital intensity, ownership characteristics, and government subsidies, there exists a noticeable heterogeneity in the promotion of the adoption of cleaner production standards for the improvement of Chinese enterprises’ global value chain position. Third, the implementation of cleaner production standards stimulates the upgrading of Chinese enterprises’ global value chain position, primarily through the entry and exit impacts, product-switching effect, and innovation compensation effect. The following proposals for policy can be implemented in light of the findings of this paper: “upstream prevention” strategies in the development of future environmental protection and trade policies should be advocated; nuanced and stratified environmental policies should be meticulously constructed; a mix of policies should be employed to bolster the institutional support for green environmental regulations; the integration of environmental governance into the evaluation framework should be emphasized; the creation of an innovation-oriented environmental governance system should be expedited. In conclusion, the findings of this research provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental regulations in coordinating ecological development and strengthening the position of Chinese enterprises in global value chains, which may assist other developing nations in making the transition to a path of high-quality growth.

The Chinese zombie firm: dilemma and resolution

The problems of over-capacity of zombie firms in China have attracted much attention. However, little is known theoretically, and even less empirically, about the boundaries and causes of zombie enterprises. This article extends a model to identify the characteristics of zombie firms in consideration of supply-side structural reform in China. We focus on the cause of zombie firms under the background of the ‘de-capacity’ strategy in China. Using a sample of Chinese listed companies over the period 2006–2018, we find that the proportion of zombie firms in the manufacturing industry declined significantly due to expansionary fiscal policy in 2011. Moreover, the structure of ownership, operational capabilities, and debt-paying ability co-varies positively, with state-owned enterprises being most prone to becoming zombie firms. The results allow us to construct various insights into how to govern the zombie firm. These results offer a frame for dealing with zombie firms. Our results are also robust in the sensitivity test of changing the measurement of zombie firms.

Performance Prediction of the Ferrous Metal Smelting and Rolling Processing Industry in Supply-Side Structural Reform in China

Supply-side structural reforms and environmental protection policies have a great impact on the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry. This paper uses a grey model that introduces a fractional-order cumulative generating operator to study the development of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing enterprises under the influence of supply-side structural reform in order to derive the future development trend of the industry. The forecast results show that from 2018 to 2022, the number of enterprises and substitute enterprises, inventory, finished products, and assets and liabilities decreases; the scale of income of metal smelting and rolling processing industry increases. The results can serve as a reference for policy makers and industry investors.

The theoretical basis of supply side structural reform: a comparative analysis of Marxist value theory and Western supply school theory

To guide the supply side structural reform in China with Marxist political economy, we must recognize the Western supply school and Marxism the fundamental difference of Economics on this issue. Based on the analysis of factor axiology, the western supply school confuses the difference between value and wealth, and not only ignores it this paper analyzes the circulation and Realization of value, ignores the economic effect of value distribution on production, and separates the dialectical relationship between demand and supply. Marxism political economy organically integrates the four links of “production, distribution, exchange and consumption” of social reproduction, not only focusing on the production and flow of value therefore, we should pay more attention to the distribution of value, which can more effectively explain and correctly guide the smooth progress of China’s supply side structural reform.

How does government intervention affect the formation of zombie firms?

Zombie firms cause serious, widespread harm to the economy. It is thus important to clarify the reasons for their formation. This paper empirically investigates the effects of government intervention on the formation of zombie firms. It suggests that a greater degree of government intervention can increase the risk that a firm will become a zombie firm. Robustness tests and endogeneity tests confirm this finding. Further, we undertake a preliminary exploration of the mechanism of government intervention on the formation of zombie firms, and study how government behaviors affect the formation of such firms from various perspectives. Analysis reveals that government induces the formation of zombie firms by means of subsidies, resource support, financial support, and tax. To a certain extent, the conclusions of this paper could guide the formulation and revision of government policies, which would be conducive to adjusting the direction and intensity of government intervention and providing new ideas for supply-side structural reforms in China. The Chinese government should further increase the role of market force in its reforms.

Does Leverage Regulation Effectively Reduce the Systemic Risk of the Banking System? Simulation Analysis Based on the Endogenous Network Model

Deleveraging of the banking system is an important task of financial supply-side structural reform in China, and also a key measure to prevent and resolve financial risks in recent years. With reference to Basel III, China Banking Regulatory Commission formally introduced the leverage regulation indicator in 2011. According to the official data, the leverage ratio of China’s major commercial banks has been higher than the minimum regulatory requirement of 4%, but it is also an indisputable fact that the risk of China’s banking system continues to gather after the financial crisis. So does leverage regulation effectively reduce the systemic risk of the banking system? The answer to this question is related to the effectiveness of the leverage as a macro prudential regulatory tool. However, limited by the lack of empirical data, the complexity of the economic and financial system and other factors, the current literature on the effectiveness of leverage as a macro prudential regulatory tool is rare. Therefore, based on the model of Bluhm, et al. (2014), this paper constructs an endogenous network model with leverage constraints, and simulates the risk contagion mechanism and effect under leverage ratio constraints. It is found that in the normal period, leverage regulation will bring the effect of increasing the proportion of risk assets of some banks and decreasing the average degree of network connection between banks. In the crisis period, leverage regulation will increase the number of initial bank failures under exogenous shocks, but will reduce the depth and breadth of risk contagion. On the whole, it is true that the minimum leverage requirement of 4% will lead to a more stable banking system, but the excessive leverage requirement may cause the rise of the systemic risk. In order to maintain the stability of the banking system to the greatest extent, we can implement counter-cyclical and differentiated leverage regulation strategies for banks. At the same time, timely liquidity assistance to the market and improving the loan asset recovery rate of defaulting banks during the crisis will help to enhance the financial stability effect brought by leverage regulation. The possible marginal contribution of this paper is as follows: Firstly, compared with the existing litera- ture on the effectiveness evaluation of macro prudential tools, based on the analysis of the endogenous network model, this paper opens the “black box” of leverage regulatory tools affecting the stability of the banking system, and explains the effect and mechanism of leverage regulation. Secondly, the existing endogenous network model usually fails to consider the impact of the introduction of leverage regulation conditions on the stability of the banking system in normal and crisis periods, which is emphasized in this paper. Thirdly, the study of this paper has strong policy significance. The comparative analysis of the regulatory effect of leve- rage under different market parameter combinations provides theoretical support for regulators to formulate more effective leverage regulatory strategies.

Problems and Countermeasures in the Construction of Characteristic Towns—Take Shanghai as an Example

As an important breakthrough to speed up the new-type urbanization, the characteristic towns are conducive to solving the problem of developing kinetic energy transformation in the current supply-side structural reform in China. Shanghai, as a global city, will create several distinctive towns with characteristics that highlighting local culture, which will contribute to the further improvement of regional development and the overall improvement of urban competitiveness. Based on the overall development in Shanghai, this paper fully evaluates the existing resource endowments and development status of Shanghai’s existing characteristic towns through empirical research. Based on this, it sorts out the major bottlenecks and the goals and directions of the construction of characteristic towns from the perspective of “people-oriented”, coordinating the residents’ life, creative talents’ work as well as tourists’ travel. Finally, it gives specific direction and policy initiatives from the layout, characteristics, resource, industry, policy and other aspects to promote the construction of characteristic towns.

How might Shandong achieve the 2030 CO<SUB align="right">2 emissions target A system dynamics analysis from the perspective of energy supply-side structural reform in China

This paper takes Shandong Province as an example to forecast the CO2 emission from 2017 to 2030 by system dynamics under four designed scenarios. The results indicate that despite the coal consumption, CO2 emission and the CO2 emission intensity of low intensity scenario and medium intensity scenario both decrease compared to the results of current scenario. However, neither the coal consumption peak year nor the CO2 emission peak year is before 2030. We find that with the high intensity scenario, the CO2 emission would peak on 2027 and the coal consumption would peak on 2021. Besides, the CO2 emission intensity of 2030 is reduce by almost 80% of 2005 level. Finally, conclusions and policy implications are concluded based on the simulations results.

Walmart: encrucijada competitiva en el mercado minorista chino

Structural reforms in China have led it to record average growth rates of 9.1 percent from 1999 to 2017. Because of this position in the world of technological advances and the driving force of the global economy, it can be distinguished as the trend towards the new world economy, posed by Braudel (1986). In this context, China’s economic growth is also promoted through domestic consumption. To support this provision, the Chinese government encourages private investment in retail. The multinational Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., has been in China since 1996. However, it does not manage to consolidate its presence, which is expressed in the low productivity and minimum competition in the Chinese community. These two factors are the result of low sales revenue, reflecting the insufficient preference for the merchandise, establishments and logistics of the Walmart China subsidiary. Contrary to the efforts of coupling to the tastes and preferences of the local consumer. Therefore, the objective of the work involves studying the productivity and competition of the retailer Walmart China in terms of sales revenue. The method is analytical-descriptive. The document is supported theoretically and empirically. The latter with company data and own calculations on productivity and competition.

How might Shandong achieve the 2030 CO<SUB align="right">2 emissions target A system dynamics analysis from the perspective of energy supply-side structural reform in China

How might Shandong achieve the 2030 CO<SUB align="right">2 emissions target A system dynamics analysis from the perspective of energy supply-side structural reform in China

What Is the Focus of Structural Reform in China?—Comparison of the Factor Misallocation Degree within the Manufacturing Industry with a Unified Model

The misallocation of production factors, with structural misallocation as an important aspect, is a key instigator of low total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate in China, but one important question is which structural misallocation of what factor is more serious in China. Using China’s manufacturing industrial enterprise data from 1998 to 2013, we calculated and compared the factors misallocation degree among industries, ownerships and regions. The results indicated that, the misallocation among industries was most serious, which led to a TFP loss of 8.12% annually. The misallocation among ownerships ranked second, which led to a TFP loss of 5.49%. The least degree of the misallocation recorded among provinces led to TFP loss of 3.05%. By using the relative severity index, the rank is the same. As to the capital, the misallocation among ownerships was most serious, which led to TFP loss of 4.62%. But as to the labor, the misallocation among industries was most serious, which led to TFP loss of 4.58%. Moreover, the misallocation among ownerships alleviated rapidly from 1998 to 2007, while alleviated slower among industries and regions. However, from 2008 to 2013, all three types of structural misallocation have become worse, especially in labor. These conclusions are important to identify the focus of structural reform in China.

Does tourism support supply-side structural reform in China?

A supply-side structural reform (SSR) has been carried out in China since late 2015, with a view to reducing overproduction in selected products such as coal, iron and steel. This paper examines whether the development of international tourism in China could support SSR, using an multi-methods approach that combines an econometric model and a computable general equilibrium model. It finds that the development of tourism can reduce the outputs of overcapacity industries and reallocate surplus labour to tourism-related industries. The calibration of 30 provincial CGE models demonstrates that the impact of tourism on reform in provinces with severer industry overcapacities is much stronger. This study contributes to the literature on the spillover effects of tourism on non-tourism sectors through its combination of econometric and CGE models. Practical implications are also presented.

Seeking the Theoretical Origins of Supply-side Structural Reform*

The theoretical origins of supply theory and supply-side structural reform lie in British and French classical economics, with their longstanding interest in supply, rather than in the later emergence of Jean-Baptiste Say and Say's Law, which attempts to deny the possibility of economic crises. Marx deepened supply theory, holding that production (supply) structure and product (income) distribution structure depended on the nature and structure of relations of production. This theory has been especially significant in guiding supply-side structural reform in China. The main reference value of American supply-side economics lies in some of its policy proposals for reforming and managing supply. Supply-side structural reform in China requires the development of a socialist supply theory with Chinese characteristics.

Fundamental problems, causes and focuses of China’s agricultural supply-side structural reform

This paper first analyzes three major problems facing agricultural supply-side structural reform in China, namely, “the simultaneous increase of three quantities”, “the concomitant rise of three costs” and “the concurrent inversion of four prices”, that is, the contemporaneous increase of domestic grain production, grain import, and total social grain inventory; the simultaneous rise of labor costs, land costs, material and service costs of agricultural production; inversions between domestic and foreign grain prices, production and marketing areas, market prices and minimum purchase prices, as well as paddy and rice prices. It is found from a comparative analysis of historical data and relevant data both at home and abroad that imbalance between agricultural supply and demand and costs of agro-products are two fundamental problems facing agrarian supply-side structural reform, which should be given top priority in order to reduce inventory, cut down costs, and improve weaknesses. Corresponding countermeasures and focuses are put forward to gradually alleviate the unbalanced supply and demand of agricultural products, such as variety optimization, quality assurance and brand building. Economies of scale will improve through various forms of scale management, labor productivity increased by enhancing agricultural mechanization rate, and efficiency and competitiveness enhanced by improving quality and adopting brand strategy, with a view to improve quality and efficiency and reduce costs.

A comparative study on the comprehensive strength of China’s biomedical industry group under the background of supply side reform

Background: in the context of deeply promoting supply-side structural reform in China, the bio-pharmaceutical industry of China is being boosted from three aspects of “adjusting structure, reducing costs and replenishing short-slab”, and the comprehensive strength assessment of bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster has become the important issue focused by the academic circles. Methods: the comparative analysis was made for the comprehensive strength of China bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster on the basis of grey theory analysis by establishing the assessment indicator system and assessment model complying with the characteristics of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry. Results: the empirical study revealed that: the comprehensive strength of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the Yangtze River Delta Region was higher than that of the bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta and the circum-Bohai-Sea, the comprehensive strength of the bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta was higher than that of the bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the circum-Bohai-Sea. Conclusions: the comprehensive strength of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster has to improve further; Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster needs not only to grasp the opportunity of current supply-side reform to further optimize industrial structure, but also needs to focus on the supply-side elements to improve production efficiency of element and promote its transformation and upgrading.

Green growth and structural change in Chinese agricultural sector during 1997–2014

Green growth has become a new direction for Chinese economic development in the 21st century. Indeed, sustainable agricultural development is particularly important in China due to limits on resources and the presence of the largest population in the world. In this paper, we propose a novel decomposition of the overall inefficiency into three components of technical, mix, and scale effects at aggregate level by allowing for desirable and undesirable outputs in a non-parametric framework. We empirically investigate economic and environmental performance associated with resource misallocation (represented by input/output mix) in Chinese agricultural sector across the 31 provinces over the period 1997–2014. Our results show that average overall inefficiency in Chinese agricultural sector is 9.13% during the sample period, which suggests there exists a 7.94% possible improvement for gross output value and 1.19% potential reduction for carbon emission. Moreover, we find inefficiency is mainly due to the mix effect that requires an improvement in reallocation of inputs and this may be related to the ongoing supply side structural reforms in China. We also present a dual model of by-production technology for shadow price analysis and report upward trended carbon abatement costs in Chinese agriculture.

Research on Supply Side Structural Reform in China from the Perspective of Multiple Streams Theory

From the perspective of multi-source flow theory, this paper explores the process of setting up the policy agenda for China’s supply-side structural reform. It began discussions by combining social issues such as the decline in economic indicators and the decline of the energy industry with changes in the political environment jumping out of the traditional perspective of a single economic analysis. At the same time, this article focuses on the role of the supply school in policy advice. From the three aspects of issues, policies, and politics, it explores the opening of the policy window.