Structural Characterization Research Articles

Expanding the applications of the wear-resistant titanium aluminum nitride thin-film to include temperature sensing

This study investigates an approach to temperature sensing by integrating Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN), originally engineered for wear and corrosion applications, as a temperature sensor within a multilayered thin film system. A nitride multilayer system was developed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using a single four-target magnetron sputtering chamber; intermediate vacuum interruption steps were employed for masking procedures. The multilayer architecture design aimed to provide the sensor layer with mechanical protection and electrical shielding. Structural and electrical characterization of the TiAlN single layer revealed semiconductor behavior and stable electrical resistance up to 750 °C, with minimal signal stabilization requirements. Despite the higher Al content, the TiAlN temperature sensor exhibited a cubic crystal structure characterized by diffuse nanolayers resulting from a two-fold rotational deposition and target configuration. Detailed examination of the multilayer system cross-section, containing the TiAlN sensor, was conducted by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The analysis revealed its columnar morphology with the presence of typical PVD growth defects, including voids and droplets. While the presence of these defects may impact the electrical characteristics of the sensor, the selected experimental conditions effectively maintained the structural integrity of the multilayer system, despite the vacuum interruptions caused by masking procedures. Validation experiments confirmed the functionality of the multilayer system for temperature measurements up to 400 °C. The signal acquisition system addressed room temperature resistance variations and low sensitivity (thermistor coefficient ∼100 K), resulting in a measured error of approximately 6%. This study demonstrates promising results of TiAlN as a temperature sensor within a multilayered system, expanding its range of potential applications.

All-solution-processed perovskite-quantum-dot light-emitting diodes through effective synergistic combination of orthogonal solvent and electron transport material

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have shown great promise for use in photovoltaic devices, due to their ability to offer advantages such as tunability of visible light and efficient light emission. This study demonstrates the successful utilization of a triazine-based PO-T2T (2,4,6-Tris[3(diphenylphosphenyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine; PO-T2T) as the electron transport layer (ETL) through an all-solution process. To improve the structural and optical characterization of CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 QDs, three organic solvents, namely chlorobenzene, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate, were selected to find an effective orthogonal solvent for PO-T2T. The all-solution processed devices incorporating PO-T2T and Methyl acetate (MeOAc) demonstrated impressive external quantum efficiencies of 5.57% for CsPbBr3 and 1.60% for CsPbI3 QDs. Notably, these devices also achieved the highest maximum luminance among all-solution processed PQDs-LEDs, with values of 33334 cd m–2 for CsPbBr3 and 224 cd m–2 for CsPbI3 QDs.

Immobilization of Xylanase on ZnO nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis from Eupatorium cannabinum L. and its application in enrichment of fruit juices

Juice production is one of the main components of the nutritional food industry. Therefore, improving fruit juice quality and preventing the formation of negative by-products is important for human health. The role of environmentally friendly, safe and economically more affordable green nanocarriers in improving the quality of fruit juice is increasing day by day. For this purpose, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were prepared from the aqueous extract of the Eupatorium cannabinum L. using the green synthesis method. After immobilization, structural and morphological characterizations of the prepared ZnONPs and xylanase (Xyl)@ZnONPs were carried out, which confirmed that both the synthesis of ZnONPs and the immobilization of Xyl enzyme on ZnONPs were successfully carried out. The biochemical parameters of Xyl@ZnONPs such as optimum pH and temperature, kinetic parameters, thermal stability, reusability, and storage stability were investigated and compared with free Xyl. After immobilization, the optimum pH of free Xyl shifted from 5.0 to an alkaline pH of 8.0, while no change in the optimum temperature (70 °C) was observed for both enzymes. While the activation energy of free Xyl was 5.56 kJ/mol, it was found to be 7.27 kJ/mol for Xyl@ZnONPs. Xyl@ZnONPs outperformed free Xyl due to its long-term storage stability and reusability. Moreover, Xyl@ZnONPs retained 50 % of its activity after 5 reuses and 87 % of its activity after 4 weeks of storage at room temperature. In addition, a decrease in Km value and an increase in Vmax value were observed after immobilization, which means the increased catalytic activity of the Xyl@ZnONPs. As a result of re-using Xyl@ZnONPs in orange juice for 6 cycles, clarification yield of 66.43 % was obtained under optimized conditions. Overall, this study prepared a suitable, environmentally friendly, and robust carrier support for Xyl immobilization and developed a biocatalyst that will provide high performance in the industrial field.

Synthesis, characterization and structural analysis of complexes from 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine derivatives with transition metals.

The synthesis and structural characterization of three families of coordination complexes synthesized from 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (8, Ph-TPY), 4'-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (9, ClPh-TPY) and 4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (10, MeOPh-TPY) ligands with the divalent metals Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ are reported. The compounds were synthesized from a 1:2 mixture of the metal and ligand, resulting in a series of complexes with the general formula [M(R-TPY)2](ClO4)2 (where M= Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+, and R-TPY= Ph-TPY, ClPh-TPY and MeOPh-TPY). The general formula and structural and supramolecular features were determinated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for bis(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)nickel(II) bis(perchlorate), [Ni(C21H15N3)2](ClO4)2 or [Ni(Ph-TPY)2](ClO4)2, bis[4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]manganese(II) bis(perchlorate), [Mn(C22H17N3O)2](ClO4)2 or [Mn(MeOPh-TPY)2](ClO4)2, and bis(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)manganese(II) bis(perchlorate), [Mn(C21H15N3)2](ClO4)2 or [Mn(Ph-TPY)2](ClO4)2. In all three cases, the complexes present distorted octahedral coordination polyhedra and the crystal packing is determined mainly by weak C-H...π interactions. All the compounds (except for the Ni derivatives, for which FT-IR, UV-Vis and thermal analysis are reported) were fully characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy) and thermal (TGA-DSC, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry) methods.

Engineering G protein-coupled receptors for stabilization.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important families of targets for drug discovery. One of the limiting steps in the study of GPCRs has been their stability, with significant and time-consuming protein engineering often used to stabilize GPCRs for structural characterization and drug screening. Unfortunately, computational methods developed using globular soluble proteins have translated poorly to the rational engineering of GPCRs. To fill this gap, we propose GPCR-tm, a novel and personalized structurally driven web-based machine learning tool to study the impacts of mutations on GPCR stability. We show that GPCR-tm performs as well as or better than alternative methods, and that it can accurately rank the stability changes of a wide range of mutations occurring in various types of class A GPCRs. GPCR-tm achieved Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.74 and 0.46 on 10-fold cross-validation and blind test sets, respectively. We observed that the (structural) graph-based signatures were the most important set of features for predicting destabilizing mutations, which points out that these signatures properly describe the changes in the environment where the mutations occur. More specifically, GPCR-tm was able to accurately rank mutations based on their effect on protein stability, guiding their rational stabilization. GPCR-tm is available through a user-friendly web server at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/gpcr_tm/.

Removal of cadmium and chromium heavy metals from aqueous medium using composite bacterial cellulose membrane

Bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes produced from biomass are emerging as an eco-friendly solution for water decontamination. The abundance of hydroxyl groups and the high surface-to-volume ratio of this material allow for the integration of diverse functional groups, providing the potential for targeted water purification applications. Beyond their intriguing mechanical properties and unique complex structure, bacterial cellulose membranes are biodegradable into sugar molecules and can be processed with minimal handling and using mild chemicals. Taken together, these features make them a compelling choice for water filtration in the context of environmental responsibility. In their natural state, BC membranes have limited potential for targeted wastewater treatment. One strategy for enhancing their functionality is to graft customized molecules onto their surface. Therefore, this study aims to impart multifunctionality to BC membrane for water filtration. Hence a novel precursor with hard and soft base functionalities consisting of amines, carbonyls, amides, hydroxyls etc. is designed and grafted onto BC membranes, grown to ensure surface uniformity and membrane-to-membrane repeatability of the properties. The structure of the synthesized precursors and the effective functionalization of the membrane are then validated through various structural characterization techniques. Changes in the morphology of BC membranes are examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Both the pristine and modified BC membranes undergo a series of tests to assess their filtration capabilities under low-pressure regime and their efficiency in removing representative cadmium and chromium ions. The modified BC membrane exhibits superior filtration performance and water permeability than pristine-BC. The targeted metal ions were rejected more than 90% from the effluent. The modified membranes demonstrated a flux recovery of above 90% maintaining its effectiveness even after five successive cleaning-filtration cycles.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under solar light irradiation by zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Cleome gynandra

A simple green synthetic technique is proposed for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the plant extract Cleome gynandra as a bio-template. The morphological, functional and structural characterization of synthesized ZnONPs was investigated using several techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnONPs have a wurtzite hexagonal nanostructure with an average size of 15.20 nm. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution was carried out using the synthesized ZnONPs. The photocatalytic activity of ZnONPs was investigated by adjusting physicochemical variables as reaction time, medium pH, precursor concentration, and photocatalyst dosage. All results indicate that ZnONPs produced by the green approach exhibits significant photocatalytic activity against dye molecules.

Azine Based Oligoesteric Chemosensors for Cu2+ Ion Detection: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Theoretical Investigations.

Synthesized monomer and its three oligoesters were characterized by techniques such as 1H, 13C{1H}, IR, UV, GPC and applied to chemosensor applications. A series of metal ions was studied with fluorophores to evaluate the sensitivity towards Cu2+ ion. The fluorophores results exhibit the selective and sensitive "Turn off" fluorescence response with Cu2+ ion in DMF/H2O (1:1, pH: 7.4, fluorophore: 5µM) solution. Binding stoichiometry and binding constant of fluorophores were calculated using Stern-Volmer equation and Benesi-Hildebrand plots, respectively. Structure of fluorophores were studied using DFT, B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) level basis set. Quenching mechanisms and electrical properties of fluorophores were explained with theoretical outcomes. Iodine doped and undoped oligoesters electrical conductivity were studied in solid-state and the conductivity was gradually increased with increase the contact time of iodine with oligoesters. At different frequencies and temperatures, the dielectric measurement was calculated using the two-probe method. Among all oligoesters, DMDAP exhibited high electrical conductivity and DMDMP has a higher dielectric constant value than other oligoesters.

Structural characterization of Aspalatus linearis polysaccharide and its improving effect on acute alcoholic liver injury.

Polysaccharides from natural sources can regulate the composition of intestinal flora through the "gut-liver axis" pathway, potentially ameliorating alcoholic liver injury. Aspalathus linearis, also known as rooibos, is one such natural product that has shown promise in this regard. This study looked at the structural properties of A. linearis polysaccharide (ALP) and how well it would work to treat acute alcoholic liver impairment. This study looks at the composition of monosaccharides, functional groups, and molecular weight (Mw) of a newly discovered water-soluble polysaccharide, named ALP. The polysaccharide is composed of pyranose rings, amide groups, and sulfate groups linked by β-glycosidic linkage. It has a relative Mw of 4.30×103kDa and is composed of glucose, rhamnose, and some other monosaccharides. The study found that treating mice with the model of acute alcoholic liver disease with ALP could alleviate pathological symptoms, inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, and suppress indicators of oxidative stress. Experiments have shown that different doses of ALP can activate the P4502E1/Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. The regulation of inflammatory factors and downstream antioxidant enzymes occurs as a result. Based on these data, it is likely that ALP protects the liver via the "gut-liver axis" pathway by reducing oxidative stress-related damage, inflammation, and alcohol-related alterations to the gut microbiome. The results indicate that ALP mitigates injury caused by oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and changes in the gut microbiota induced by alcohol through the "gut-liver axis" pathway, which provides protection to the liver. This provides preliminary evidence for the development of related drugs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Researchers extracted a polysaccharide from fresh leaves of Auricularia auricula. The polysaccharide was purified and determined to have a predominantly homogeneous molecular weight. An acute alcoholic liver damage mouse model was established, and it was concluded that the polysaccharide could ameliorate liver injury in mice through the "gut-liver axis" pathway. This novel polysaccharide can be used as an additive to develop functional foods with beneficial effects, which can positively impact the daily maintenance of consumers.

Kinetics and products of Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase with lactose and cellobiose.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds that are mainly used in infant formula to mimic bifidogenic effects of mother's milk. They are synthesized by β-galactosidase enzymes in a trans-glycosylation reaction with lactose. Many β-galactosidase enzymes from different sources have been studied, resulting in varying GOS product compositions and yields. The in vivo role of these enzymes is in lactose hydrolysis. Therefore, the best GOS yields were achieved at high lactose concentrations up to 60%wt, which require a relatively high temperature to dissolve. Some thermostable β-glucosidase enzymes from thermophilic bacteria are also capable of using lactose or para nitrophenyl-galactose as a substrate. Here, we describe the use of the β-glucosidase BglA from Thermotoga maritima for synthesis of oligosaccharides derived from lactose and cellobiose and their detailed structural characterization. Also, the BglA enzyme kinetics and yields were determined, showing highest productivity at higher lactose and cellobiose concentrations. The BglA trans-glycosylation/hydrolysis ratio was higher with 57%wt lactose than with a nearly saturated cellobiose (20%wt) solution. The yield of GOS was very high, reaching 72.1%wt GOS from lactose. Structural elucidation of the products showed mainly β(1 → 3) and β(1 → 6) elongating activity, but also some β(1 → 4) elongation was observed. The β-glucosidase BglA from T. maritima was shown to be a very versatile enzyme, producing high yields of oligosaccharides, particularly GOS from lactose. KEY POINTS: • β-Glucosidase of Thermotoga maritima synthesizes GOS from lactose at very high yield. • Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase has high activity and high thermostability. • Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase GOS contains mainly (β1-3) and (β1-6) linkages.

Synthesis and structural characterization of new macrocyclic inhibitors of the Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease.

Three new series of macrocyclic active site-directed inhibitors of the Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B-NS3 protease were synthesized. First, attempts were made to replace the basic P3 lysine residue of our previously described inhibitors with uncharged and more hydrophobic residues. This provided numerous compounds with inhibition constants between 30 and 50 nM. A stronger reduction of the inhibitory potency was observed when the P2 lysine was replaced by neutral residues, all of these inhibitors possess Ki values >1 µM. However, it is possible to replace the P2 lysine with the less basic 3-aminomethylphenylalanine, which provides a similarly potent inhibitor of the ZIKV protease (Ki = 2.69 nM). Crystal structure investigations showed that the P2 benzylamine structure forms comparable interactions with the protease as lysine. Twelve additional structures of these inhibitors in complex with the protease were determined, which explain many, but not all, SAR data obtained in this study. All individual modifications in the P2 or P3 position resulted in inhibitors with low antiviral efficacy in cell culture. Therefore, a third inhibitor series with combined modifications was synthesized; all of them contain a more hydrophobic d-cyclohexylalanine in the linker segment. At a concentration of 40 µM, two of these compounds possess similar antiviral potency as ribavirin at 100 µM. Due to their reliable crystallization in complex with the ZIKV protease, these cyclic compounds are very well suited for a rational structure-based development of improved inhibitors.

Novel Aluminum Alloy Tailored for Additive Manufacturing: Structural Characterization and Qualification Perspectives

The recent advances achieved in additive manufacturing (AM) technology demonstrate the potential to realize customized metal components, ensuring weight reduction opportunities. These benefits make AM attractive for high-cost aerospace applications, especially where high geometric complexity is required. In the context of an EU research scenario, the H2020 MANUELA (Additive Manufacturing Using Metal Pilot Line) project promotes the development of new technologies for design optimization by enabling the application of novel materials in AM. This paper illustrates recent advances in a new aluminum alloy (Al-HS1) with high strength emphasizing all of the characterization steps at the coupon level. This material has been employed in the re-engineering of a conventional hydraulic manifold using a powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) process. Both the simulations and structural tests allowed for proving its compliance and technological maturity with industrial standards and applicable airworthiness requirements.

Condensation or Desublimation: Nanolevel Structural Look on Two Frost Formation Pathways on Surfaces with Different Wettabilities.

Processes of water condensation and desublimation on solid surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and essential for various industrial applications, which are crucial for their performance. Despite their significance, these processes are not well understood due to the lack of methods that can provide insight at the nanolevel into the very first stages of phase transitions. Taking advantage of synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), two pathways of the frosting process from supersaturated vapors were studied in real time for substrates with different wettabilities ranging from highly hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Within GIWAXS, a fully quantitative structural and orientational characterization of the undergoing phase transition reveals the information on degree of crystallinity of the new phase and determines the ordering at the surfaces and inside the films at the initial stages of water/ice nucleation from vapor onto the substrates. The diversity of frosting scenarios, including direct desublimation from the vapor and two-stage condensation-freezing processes, was observed by both GIWAXS and ESEM for different combinations of substrate wettability and vapor supersaturations. The classical nucleation theory straightforwardly predicts the pathway of the phase transition for hydrophobic and superhydrophobic substrates. The case of hydrophilic substrates is more intricate because the barriers in Gibbs free energy for nucleating both liquid and solid embryos are close to each other and comparable to thermal energy kBT. At that end, classical nucleation theory allows concluding a relation between contact angles for ice and water embryos on the basis of the observed frosting pathway.

Structural and functional characterization of IgG- and non-IgG-based T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies

Bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies are a growing class of therapeutics with numerous molecules being tested in clinical trials and, currently, seven of them have received market approval. They are structurally complex and function as adaptors to redirect the cytotoxicity of T cells to kill tumor cells. T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies can be generally divided into two categories: IgG/IgG-like and non-IgG-like formats. Different formats may have different intrinsic potencies and physiochemical properties, and comprehensive studies are needed to gain a better understanding of how the differences in formats impact on structural and functional characteristics. In this study, we designed and generated bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies with IgG-like (DVD-Ig) and non-IgG (BiTE) formats. Both target the same pair of antigens (EGFR and CD3) to minimize the possible influence of targets on functional characterization. We performed a side-by-side comparison to assess differences in the physiochemical and biological properties of these two bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies using a variety of breast and ovarian cancer cell-based functional assays to delineate the structural–functional relationships and anti-tumor activities/potency. We found that the Fc portion of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies can significantly impact antigen binding activity, potency, and stability in addition to eliciting different mechanisms of action that contribute the killing of cancer cells.

Hexagonal Mo Bronze: Single Crystal Structures, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, and Proton Conductivity.

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is a well-known transition metal oxide that has drawn much attention as a functional material having numerous applications. However, a vast majority of studies have primarily focused on α-MoO3, the thermodynamically stable polymorph of MoO3. This present work encompasses the synthesis of single crystals of two metastable hexagonal MoO3 described by the formulas {Mn0.03Na0.01}@[Mo0.93VIMo0.07VO3] (1) and {Cu0.01Na0.01}@[Mo0.97VIMo0.03VO3] (2), their comprehensive structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and routine spectral and microscopic studies. Interestingly, compound 1 acts as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as an effective proton conductor in comparison to the performance of compound 2. The HER activity of compound 1 is characterized by an overpotential of 340 mV@1 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 75 mV/decade. The catalyst (compound 1) displays a Faradaic efficiency of 88% with a turnover frequency of 2.9 s-1. The proton conductivity value of this compound (1) is determined to be 4.9 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 55 °C under 98% relative humidity; the relevant proton conduction is operated by the Grotthuss mechanism with an activation energy of 0.17 eV.

Inhibition of Phase Transition in Amorphous Niobium Oxide by Covalent Carbon Reinforcement Enables Fast‐Charge and Long‐Duration Lithium Storage

AbstractNiobium oxides are potential anode materials for ultrafast and safe lithium‐ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and relatively high operation voltage. However, the electrochemically induced phase transformations that involve multi‐electron redox reactions in a wide voltage window cause rapid capacity degradation and poor rate capability. Here, a novel carbon‐covalent amorphous niobium oxide anode is reported to greatly suppress the phase transition during cycling via formation of strong Nb─O─C bonds, achieving high‐capacity, fast‐charge and long‐duration lithium storage. This amorphous structure and forming covalent carbon contribute to good volume accommodation and high electron conductivity. The carbon‐covalent amorphous Nb2O5 displays a high reversible capacity of 361.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacity of 189.8 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 A g−1 after 9000 cycles. Structure characterizations reveal that the well‐preserved amorphous structure without phase transition during repeated Li+ insertion/desertion is responsible for the superior performance. This work opens a new avenue on rational design of high‐performance amorphous electrode materials for next‐generation batteries.

Surface Encapsulation of Layered Oxide Cathode Material with NiTiO3 for Enhanced Cycling Stability of Na-Ion Batteries

Abstract In Na-ion batteries, O3-type layered oxide cathode materials encounter challenges such as particle cracking, oxygen loss, electrolyte side reactions, and multi-phase transitions during the charge/discharge process. This study focuses on surface coating with NiTiO3 achieved via secondary heat treatment using a coating precursor and the surface material. Through in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), along with crystal structure characterizations of post-cycling materials, it was determined that the NiTiO3 coating layer facilitates the formation of a stable lattice structure, effectively inhibiting lattice oxygen loss and reducing side reaction with the electrolyte. This enhancement in cycling stability is evidenced by a capacity retention of approximately 74% over 300 cycles at 1C, marking a significant 30% improvement over the initial sample. Furthermore, notable advancements in rate performance were observed. Experimental results indicate that a stable and robust surface structure substantially enhances the overall stability of the bulk phase, presenting a novel approach for designing layered oxide cathodes with higher energy density.

Tuning Lubrication Performance of Phase‐changing Emulsion‐filled Gels by Sugar alcohols

Lubrication by hydrogels is proving to be an emerging area in colloid science. Although oil‐driven friction reduction is predominant in literature, emulsion gel‐based lubrication has attracted very little attention to date. We hypothesize that an interplay of viscolelasticity and oil volume fraction may modulate lubricity of emulsion‐filled gels. Herein, phase‐change gelatin‐based emulsion‐filled gels with different sugar alcohol and oil droplet concentrations (0‐30 wt%) were tested for their lubrication performance. The rheological and tribological tests were analysed in conjunction with spectroscopic and structural characterizations in order to reveal structure‐function relationship. Structural characterizations demonstrated that hydrogen bonding was enhanced in pure gelatin gels with the increase of sugar alcohol (glycerol)‐replacement time, which enhanced the storage modulus (G') of the gel networks. Emulsified droplets served as active fillers further strengthening the G’ and strikingly the presence of glycerol reduced the thermo‐responsiveness of the emulsion‐filled gels. Emulsion‐filled gels containing sugar alcohols, irrespective of their type, can greatly reduce the friction coefficients (μ) between hydrophobic surfaces in the boundary and mixed regimes versus the systems without sugar alcohols. In the hydrodynamic regime, the friction coefficient of the system was proportional to the second plateau shear viscosity, regulated by the oil content.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Nucleosome Containing Variants H3.3 and H2A.Z

Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Nucleosome Containing Variants H3.3 and H2A.Z

Preparation and structural characterization of disordered Na-gallosilicate zeolite with natrolite framework and its K+ and NH4+ exchanged analogues

Preparation and structural characterization of disordered Na-gallosilicate zeolite with natrolite framework and its K+ and NH4+ exchanged analogues