Strong Protagonist Research Articles

Residência em saúde da família do campo e o enfrentamento a COVID-19: relato de experiência

A pandemia da COVID-19 é a principal causa de mudança e adaptação em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as ações desenvolvidas pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família do Campo no contexto da COVID-19 a partir das vivências de residentes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado no período de março a maio de 2020. Utilizou-se os registros dos diários de campo e portfólios dos residentes e foram criadas três categorias analíticas para sistematização das experiências. Foi evidenciado que para manter as ações da atenção primária no contexto da COVID-19, foram pontos chaves: reuniões sistemáticas de equipe, educação permanente, atuação dos residentes do campo e a utilização de diferentes recursos para comunicação. Com isso, é essencial no enfrentamento da atual pandemia, necessitando-se fazer desta uma forte protagonista neste momento de fortalecimento do modelo universal, integral, equânime e interprofissional.

Empowering Stories: Transportation into Narratives with Strong Protagonists Increases Self-Related Control Beliefs

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have shown that narratives can influence readers’ beliefs about themselves. In the present study, our goal was to investigate whether stories portraying a strong protagonist can positively influence recipients’ beliefs of being in control of events in their own lives (self-related control beliefs). Experiment 1 showed that narratives in both written text and video form with protagonists displaying high versus low self-efficacy can, at least temporarily, affect recipients’ own self-related control beliefs when they experience strong transportation into the stories. In addition, the results suggest that recipients’ perceived ability to generate vivid mental imagery affects their transportation into and identification with characters in texts versus films. Experiment 2 manipulated transportation and identification experimentally and showed that the effect of this manipulation on self-related control beliefs was indeed mediated by experienced transportation and identification. The results are discussed within the framework of the Transportation Imagery Model of narrative persuasion.

Inside the Municipal Lobby: Explaining Local Government Influence on the New EU Public Procurement Directives

Despite a challenging context, local authorities succeeded in influencing one of the most fiercely debated issues of the new EU Public Procurement Directives (2014): the (conditional) exemption of public-public cooperation (PPC). Using theory-building process-tracing this paper analyses the PPC-case to design a parsimonious causal model of successful municipal lobbying under challenging circumstances. The model represents a composed mechanism that triggered municipal lobby influence through the interplay of three basic parts: a strategic lobby campaign deployed by a strong protagonist, an external opportunity structure underpinning and strengthening the latter and a significantly receptive EU decision-making arena. Furthermore, the case suggests that in challenging lobby cases local government can profit from its distinctive character as an electorally legitimised and politically connected interest group to promote its interests in the EU polity.

Feminist Refiguring of La Malinche in Sandra Cisneros� Never Marry A Mexican

La Malinche, the mistress of Spanish conquistador Hernn Corts, has evolved from a historical figure into Mexican national myth that connotes all the negative aspects of womans sexuality in Mexican and Mexican-American Culture. Sandra Cisneros in her Never Marry A Mexican reinterpretsLa Malinchein a more positive light and points out how women sexuality can be the site for women empowerment.By drawing on insights from feminist theories on motherhood, marriage, and incest taboo, this study identifies the way Cisneros revises the negative image of La Malinche as a dupe, passive and submissive mistress. This study identifies that Cisneros has created a strong protagonist character named Clemencia, who exerts her subjectivity and claims for her sexual agency totransgress patriarchal construction of woman passive sexuality, imposition of maternal identity as asexual mother and taboo on incestuous relationship. Cisneross La Malinche is no longer depicted as the victim duped by the patriarchy, but as the survivor who is able to preserve her sense of herself in the dominating patriarchal world.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2015.180103

<i>Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian Warfare Transformed Early America</i> (review)

Reviewed by: Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian Warfare Transformed Early America Benjamin G. Scharff Peter Silver . Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian Warfare Transformed Early America. (W.W. Norton, 2008. Pp. xxvi, 406, illustrations, maps, notes, index. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $18.95.) With few interruptions, the British and American borderlands experienced consistent warfare with Native Americans from the midpoint of the eighteenth-century onwards. While warfare certainly transformed indigenous cultures, the persistent presence of native groups near European settlements drastically altered the complexion of British North America as well. Peter Silver attempts to address these changes in Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America. By focusing primarily on the mid-Atlantic region, the author argues that continuous warfare between natives and Europeans ultimately led to disparate groups of colonists recognizing their similarities over their differences. By doing so, they managed to forge a unified identity previously absent in the British colonies. [End Page 239] Silver's North America teems with diversity. Culturally different groups from the British Isles and various German principalities inhabited the colonies. From Europe, these groups brought a variety of religious faiths that frequently provoked distrust. With attention to detail so often ignored by colonial historians, the author further indicates the presence of numerous Native American peoples living very much within the confines of European settlement. Avoiding a homogenized view of North America with Anglos on one side of the 'frontier' and Indians on the other, Silver instead describes a land where conflict might just as easily erupt between competing European groups than between natives and Europeans. The Seven Years' War and successive conflicts changed this dynamic. The unprecedented violence of the Seven Years' War led many settlers, be they German or Irish, Presbyterian or Lutheran, to seek support from their provincial governments. In places such as Pennsylvania, the perceived ambivalence of colonial authorities led initially to the development of a rhetoric of violence meant to pressure these authorities into assisting settlers. Politically ambitious colonists, more interested in power than helping their western brethren, soon adopted this rhetoric to attack Quaker power in Pennsylvania. This proliferation of anti-Indian imagery seems to have quickly ingrained itself in the colonial psyche, leading eventually to the prevalence of strong anti-Indian sentiment called by the author the "anti-Indian sublime." Silver demonstrates this attitude most shockingly with descriptions of the actions of the Paxton Boys in the 1760s and the massacre at Gnadenhutten in 1782. The author believes that this growth in anti-Indian sentiment drove ethnically and religiously diverse colonists into each other's arms. Significantly, Silver manages to project his thesis onto the American Revolution as well. By connecting British military efforts to its alliance with natives, the author argues that Americans managed to convince themselves of British barbarity. By doing so, they successfully transitioned American perception of Britain as the glorious empire they had fought to defend a generation before to a nation lacking in humanity. No longer rebelling against their lawful government, they now represented beleaguered citizens defending hearth and home. In a general sense, Silver's arguments seem convincing. The colonies did represent a diverse set of interests. Relative unity did increase as the eighteenth century came to a close. His voluminous evidence does, moreover, suggest that anti-Indian sentiment played a significant role in this transformation. What readers will not find, however, is a chronological [End Page 240] narrative, strong protagonists or discussion of many areas of British North America. While attempting to prove that Indian warfare and its subsequent anti Indian sentiment drove European populations in British North American into each other's arms, the author allows nearly a half century for the developments to fully mature. He attempts to maintain a chronological approach, roughly transporting his reader through the Seven Years' War, Pontiac's Uprising, and finally the American Revolution and the early national period. Yet, within any given topic, the reader is presented with evidence from greatly divergent eras. Most remarkable, Silver at one point provides data from the War of 1812 to support an argument pertaining to the 1760s. While this certainly represents an especially stark example of the author's use of evidence, the reader might...

"So Long as I Can Read": Farm Women's Reading Experiences in Depression-Era South Dakota

During the Great Depression, with conditions grim, entertainment scarce, and educational opportunities limited, many South Dakota farm women relied on reading to fill emotional, social, and informational needs. To read to any degree, these rural women had to overcome multiple obstacles. Extensive reading (whether books, farm journals, or newspapers) was limited to those who had access to publications and could make time to read. The South Dakota Free Library Commission was valuable in circulating reading materials to the state's rural population. In the 1930s the commission collaborated with the USDA's Extension Service in a popular reading project geared toward South Dakota farm women. This "Reading in the Home" program greatly increased reading opportunities and motivations. Of particular interest to rural women were tales of pioneer life featuring strong protagonists. Through these stories, farm women found validation and encouragement to persevere. Reading also broadened horizons and challenged assumptions. For the depression-era farm woman, reading books and other materials provided recreation, instruction, and inspiration in a discouraging time.

Jessica's Guide to Dating on the Dark Side (review)

Reviewed by: Jessica's Guide to Dating on the Dark Side April Spisak Fantaskey, Beth. Jessica's Guide to Dating on the Dark Side. Harcourt, 2009. [368p] ISBN 978-0-15-206384-9 $17.00 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 8-10 Jessica's dreams of a fulfilling senior year as a mathlete and potential girlfriend to a local farm boy are dashed with the arrival of a brooding European who has quite a secret. Lucius is a vampire, and he announces that Jessica is as well, that she belongs back in Romania where she is a princess, and that she is his betrothed, so pledged in order to unite the two warring families from which they come. Even after her adoptive parents confirm Lucius' story, Jessica's rational brain resists the evidence (Lucius' fangs, incredible healing abilities, and other characteristics all [End Page 196] point to veracity) for as long as possible, until she finally acknowledges her own destiny—but has she lost Lucius to the charms of modern-day teen life in the interim? Jessica evolves nicely with each new shocking revelation, becoming, over the course of the novel, an intriguing and strong protagonist. Lucius, on the other hand, will be magnetic to readers from the first mention, and his letters back to his imposing Romanian guardians demonstrate in a nuanced, unforced way his slow transition from snarky but obedient lackey to troubled but defiant resister once he sees alternatives to the course he'd once viewed as inevitable. Horror fans may find this a little light on the blood until the creepy vampire uncles hit town late in the book, but romance buffs will find the ultimate pairing of Lucius and Jessica absolutely irresistible, and it's downright swoon worthy once their elaborate courting ritual begins in earnest. Copyright © 2009 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Lessons from and for Japan on service delivery

On a recent visit to Japan, I saw some good quality care of patients with chronic schizophrenia in a rural mental hospital. The Japanese staff were keen to hear about community care alternatives being developed in Britain. However, being a strong protagonist of community care, who has managed the closure of three English mental hospitals, I found myself recommending caution. There are lessons for Japan from the mistakes we have made; and there may be lessons for us in the ways Japan manages delivery of its mental health services.

Celebrating women: gender, festival culture, and Bolshevik ideology, 1910-1939

The first International Women's Day was celebrated in Copenhagen in 1910 and was adopted by the Bolsheviks in 1913 as a means to popularize their political program among factory women in Russia. By 1939, Women's Day had joined May Day and the anniversary of the October Revolution as the most important national holidays on the calendar. This is an analysis of both Bolshevik attitudes towards women and invented state rituals surrounding Women's Day in Russia and the early Soviet Union to demonstrate the ways in which these celebrations were a strategic form of cultural practice that marked the distinctiveness of Soviet civilization, legitimized the Soviet mission for women and articulated the Soviet construction of gender. Through the years, Women's Day celebrations temporarily empowered women as they sang revolutionary songs, acted as strong protagonists in plays, and marched in processions carrying slogans about gender equality. In speeches, state policies, reports, historical sketches, plays, cartoons, and short stories, the passive Russian woman was transformed into an iconic Soviet Woman who could survive, improvise and prevail over the most challenging of circumstances.

Comments on the Simeon and Courchene / Melvin Papers

The builder of the Canadian revenue system, Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, said this to the provinces during the Confederation debate of 1865: 'We may ... place just confidence in the development of our resources, and repose in the belief that we shall find in our territorial domain, our valuable mines, and our fertile lands, additional sources of revenue far beyond the requirements of the public service.' (Waite, 1963:53) Sir Alexander could not know fully whereof he spoke, but he spoke definitively and authoritatively. Sixty-five years later, in 1930, Alberta was authorized to enjoy the resource rents Ontario had been deriving from its gold and nickel, Quebec from its asbestos, and Nova Scotia from its coal. Seventeen years later, in 1947, Alberta began to derive substantial revenues from oil. Twenty-six years later, in 1973, oil prices began their sharp upward movement. By now, it is pleasantly obvious to Albertans, and painfully obvious to the Government of Ontario, what Galt really was talking about. It is the Alberta of the seventies, and predictably of the eighties, that finds in her resources 'additional sources of revenue far beyond the requirements of the public service.' It is not (and here I disagree with Premier Davis) a federal system per se that gives Alberta revenue while all of Canada pays higher oil prices; it is rather the Canadian brand of federalism, devised by central Canadians, with provincial ownership of resources. I have no qualm with Richard Simeon's basic statement of the conflict between Alberta and Ontario, and I have much sympathy with his suggested solution a province of Alberta standing firmly on its rights but being generous in the sharing of what some would call its excess rents. I am thoroughly convinced as well that the recent oil price increases and heightened expectations on the part of the provinces with potential oil reserves have propelled Ontario into the forefront of the struggle with Alberta, with Queen's Park acting for Ottawa. Tout comprendre, however, is not tout pardonner. In his brilliant exposition of the centralist view of Confederation, G. Stevenson (1979) tellingly points his finger at Ontario as the first provincebuilding province and as strong protagonist of the provincial interest whenever this has suited Ontario's purpose. I do not agree with Simeon's point that the best, or even the easiest, resolution of the problem is a bilateral or multilateral provincial one, without Ottawa. As he now maintains, however, he did not mean to exclude the government of Canada. Like him, I feel that the federalprovincial climate has improved since the 1979 election; unlike him, I feel that this improved climate can be used. During the Trudeau era of confrontation, there was real danger that the federal government might use the declaratory power or that Alberta might leave the oil in the ground. We have now moved to what I hope will turn out to be a more conciliatory climate. Simeon might want to base his conclusion on his statement, with which I agree, that the Clark government in 1979 had 'a strong incentive to act as a conciliator, and perhaps a greater political capacity to do so than the previous government.' The Conservative party will not likely be cavalier about giving up Alberta seats while it vies for new ones in Ontario, in the East, and in Quebec. It is crucially interested in presiding over the conciliation of regional and provincial conflict without giving up what was once called the Dominion. I am inclined to believe Mr. Hnatyshyn's statement, quoted by Simeon, that the federal govenment must, i.e. is determined to, 'deal with the macroeconomic and regional problems caused by the increase

The Kibbutzim in Israel

DR. DARIN-DRABKIN'S book1 presents a sociological and economic study of the kibbutzim in Israel. The kibbutz (pl. kibbutzim) is a communal form of settlement which represents the extreme in collectivization of both production and consumption. The first collective was established in Palestine in 1910, and by the end of 1962 there were 228 kibbutzim in Israel with a population of 80,000. Though their members constituted but 3.8 per cent of the Jewish population in Israel (in 1962), their political, economic, and social importance is far greater than would be indicated by demographic considerations alone. They produced about 30 per cent of Israel's gross agricultural production and 6 per cent of national industrial production. Politically their representation and influence in the Histadrut (Israel's very powerful trade union federation), the Knesset (Parliament), the government, and the Jewish Agency is far greater than their numerical ratio of the country's population. The author describes the pioneering efforts of the collectives in fructifying swamplands and deserts, in repelling hostile neighbors, and in establishing settlements in outlying parts of Palestine to further the political aims of the Zionist movement. He describes the increasing attraction these idealists had for Jewish youth, especially following the rise of the Nazis in the 1930's. The 1940's witnessed a rapid increase in the number of kibbutzim and the number of adherents flocking to its banners. They were very active in the organization and leadership of the Haganah, the underground Jewish armed forces, in the organization of the illegal immigration into Palestine, and in spearheading the Jewish defense during the war of Independence in 1947-48. The author, a strong protagonist of socialist ideology, sees the kibbutz movement in Israel as the noblest embodiment of the principles of socialism. He views the Israeli collectives as the historical successors of the various communal settlements which appeared in ancient, medieval, and modern times in many lands. In particular, the experiments of Robert Owen and of Charles Fourier are considered the forerunners of the Soviet communes and kolkhoz, the Mexican ejidos, and the Chinese communes,