Strong Points Research Articles

A Proposed Text Encryption inside Video Using Harris Corner Detection and Salas20 Encryption Algorithm

يعد تشفير النص في الفيديو أداة حيوية في العديد من الصناعات حيث تكون حماية المعلومات الحساسة هي الأكثر أهمية. عادةً ما تواجه الخوارزميات وطرق الكشف الآلي صعوبة في تحديد موقع النص المخفي في إطارات الفيديو. تزيد هذه المقاومة من أمان المعلومات المخفية لأنه من الصعب على الأطراف غير المدعوة اكتشاف وجود نص مشفر. كما أنه يجمع بين المحتوى المكتوب والمرئي لتقديم كلا النوعين من المعلومات في وقت واحد وبسلاسة. في هذا البحث ، نقدم طريقة جديدة لتشفير النص داخل الفيديو باستخدام خوارزمية التشفير Salsa20 و Harris Corner Detection. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو زيادة سرية وأمن المعلومات النصية المضمنة في محتوى الفيديو ، وهناك خطوتان أساسيتان في المنهجية المقترحة. لتحديد الزوايا أو النقاط المهمة داخل إطارات الفيديو ، تم استخدام طريقة Harris Corner Detection لأول مرة. تعمل هذه الزوايا كنقاط ميزة قوية يمكن استخدامها لدمج النص. تساعد طريقة Harris Corner Detection في تحديد الأماكن التي قد يتم إخفاء النص بها بدقة ، وذلك دون التقليل من جودة الصورة المرئية الإجمالية للفيديو ، وثانيًا ، يتم إنشاء مفتاح التشفير باستخدام تقنية التشفير Salsa20. Salsa20 هو تشفير دفق شائع يوفر تشفيرًا موثوقًا وتشغيلًا فعالاً. يتم تحويل النص المضمن إلى نص تشفير بواسطة XOR باستخدام مفتاح التشفير قبل تضمينه في الفيديو ، مما يضمن سريته وحمايته من الوصول غير المصرح به. تكشف مقارنة الطريقة المقترحة مع طرق تشفير النص الحالية عن عدد من المزايا. تدمج تقنية Harris Corner Detection النص في إطارات الفيديو بحيث يتم دمجها بشكل أقل وضوحًا ، مما يجعل من الصعب على الخصوم تحديد وجود المعلومات المخفية. يضمن استخدام Salsa20 أيضًا المستوى العالي من الأمان والحماية للنص المشفر ، والدفاع عنه ضد الهجمات المحتملة. يتم تقييم النظام المقترح باستخدام MSE و PSNR والارتباط و NPCR و UACI والإنتروبيا ، وتوفر مقاييس التقييم هذه نتائج ممتازة.

IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION

A growing number of individuals are coming to the realization that the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational frameworks has a significant impact on the learning environment of this notion. Explores the many uses and possible advantages of AI in the educational setting. The ability of AI to personalize the way information is presented to learners is one of its strongest points. Artificial intelligence (AI) encourages a personalized learning strategy that takes into consideration different learning styles and paces via the use of data analytics and adaptive algorithms. As a result, student engagement and academic achievement are enhanced. As a cognitive enhancement tool, artificial intelligence (AI) can also assist educators in creating and disseminating interesting information for diverse student populations. The use of AI in the classroom has the potential to usher in a new era of student engagement and knowledge exchange through the development of dynamic, collaborative learning spaces. With the support of AI-driven tools, educators have the potential to cultivate classrooms that are more interactive and cooperative. Traditional boundaries of the classroom. It is unclear how AI systems will affect cultural norms, standards, and the student-teacher interaction, despite the fact that AI has many positive uses. Students' happiness and success are greatly affected by online learning. In the learner-instructor relationship, which is defined by engagement, presence, support, and communication. If we want to know what kinds of problems are holding AI systems back from reaching their full potential and putting kids' and instructors' safety at risk, we need to know how people see the effects of these systems on their interactions. Having said that, we must carefully examine the ethical issues that emerge from the widespread use of AI in the classroom. Concerns about privacy, algorithmic biases, and the digital divide need our full attention. While AI is changing the educational landscape in profound ways, this abstract offers a more nuanced view of the subject. Since AI is a catalyst for innovation, researchers, teachers, and policymakers should carefully consider how to incorporate it to ensure future inclusive, equitable, and morally acceptable education. Keywords:- AI , Education,

Effect of Employee Mentoring on Performance of Universities in Tanzania

This research study assessed the effect of employee mentoring on the performance of universities in Tanzania. The study employed the cross-sectional design and encompassed all 28 fully developed universities in Tanzania, encompassing both mainland and island institutions in Zanzibar. A sample size of 379 was derived via simple random sampling to select necessary respondents from the universities. Primary data was gathered through a survey structured questionnaire, while secondary data was acquired through documentary reviews. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, inferential analysis was performed via correlation analysis, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. The study's findings show that employee mentoring had a statistically significant positive effect on the performance of universities in Tanzania (R=.875, R2=.766, p<.000). The resultant coefficient of determination R2 of 0.766 signified that 76.6% of universities performance is explained by employee mentoring. The model’s R value of 0.875 and the R2 value of 0.766 signified the appropriateness of the model employed in establishing the link between employee mentoring practices and performance of universities in Tanzania. The linear regression models were used. Hence, a strong departure point in drawing conclusions and comprehensive recommendations.

Highly Elastic, Robust, and Efficient Hydrogel Solar Absorber against Harsh Environmental Impacts.

Solar distillation is a promising approach for addressing water scarcity, but relentless stress/strain perturbations induced by wind and waves would inevitably cause structural damage to solar absorbers. Despite notable advances in efficient solar absorbers, there have been no reports of compliant and robust solar absorbers withstanding practical mechanical impacts. Herein, an elastic and robust hydrogel absorber that exhibited a high level of evaporation performance was fabricated by introducing ion-coordinated MXene nanosheets as photothermal conversion units and mechanically enhanced fillers. The ion-coordinated MXene nanosheets acting as strong cross-linking points provided excellent elasticity and robustness to the hydrogel absorber. As a result, the evaporation rate of hydrogel absorber, with a high initial value of 2.61 kg m-2 h-1 under one sun irradiation, remained at 2.15 kg m-2 h-1 under a 100% tensile strain state and 2.40 kg m-2 h-1 after 10 000 stretching-releasing cycles. This continuous and stable water desalination approach provides a promising device for actual seawater distillation.

Pragmatic skills in people with Williams syndrome: the perception of families

BackgroundOne of the most challenging linguistic areas in people with Williams Syndrome throughout their evolutionary stage is the development of pragmatic skills. The research conducted so far highlights specific problems concerning adaptation to the linguistic context and interlocutors, language comprehension, as well as other aspects interfering with verbal communication. However, until now, most scientific evidence has been based on personal assessments of this group. In a complementary manner, the goal of this study was to discover the level of pragmatic skills of people with Williams Syndrome from the point of view of the families. The sample consisted of 34 families belonging to the Williams Syndrome Association of Spain. The assessment instrument was the pragmatic awareness questionnaire, which includes 26 items related to different aspects that are part of the pragmatic area on a Likert-type scale.ResultsThe results indicate that, families consider there to be a regular to low level in all the areas assessed. The strong points seem to lie in the paralinguistic aspects, while the weakest factors are those related to the understanding of figurative language.ConclusionsTherefore, it is necessary to continue insisting on the importance of language intervention in this group throughout its development to improve its level of linguistic competence.

Assessment of Cleaning and Disinfection Practices on Pig Farms across Ten European Countries.

This study delves into the assessment of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) measures within the context of European pig farming, employing the Biocheck.UGent™ tool as an effective instrument for evaluation. A comprehensive set of relevant parameters was examined to enable meaningful comparisons across farms from 10 European countries during four years (2019-2022). Findings indicate a notable increase in C&D measure implementation in select countries (Belgium, Finland, Italy, and Spain), reflecting heightened awareness and responsibility among farmers. Additionally, the overall score for the C&D subcategory highlights variation across countries, with Italy (75), Poland (74), and Belgium (72) displaying the highest scores, while Ireland (56), Slovenia (55), and Serbia (50) reported the lowest scores. However, the considerable variation in the number of participating farms necessitates cautious comparisons. The study identifies well-implemented C&D measures in the frame of external biosecurity but underscores gaps in the application of C&D measures for the material introduction practices across farms (22% of farms), which are attributed to awareness gaps and resource limitations. In the areas of internal biosecurity, strong points include C&D procedures after each production cycle (79%), implementing different stages in the C&D process (65%) and sufficient sanitary break (82%), while gaps are evident in the presence and using of hand hygiene stations (19% of farms) and boots disinfection equipment (40% of farms) between compartments/units. Notably, the study reveals a lack of evaluation of hygiene after C&D procedures (only 1% of farms), signaling critical knowledge gaps among farmers regarding proper assessment tools and methods. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis sheds light on the implementation status of C&D measures in European pig farming, offering insights into both areas of progress and those requiring improvement. The findings emphasize the need for targeted awareness campaigns and training initiatives to bolster biosecurity practices within the industry.

Development and tribological investigation of B4C reinforced AA5082 Aluminum alloy cast composites for automotive applications

In this work, AA5082 alloy is used as base alloy to fabricate aluminum composites using fine reinforced particles of boron carbide (B4C). The conventional method of stir casting is employed for the production of composites. The particles are used with varying weight % of 5, 10, 15 and 20 for the composite fabrication. The microstructures of the composites are examined using the Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray Diffraction patterns. The hardness of the composites is tested and found to increase from 73 HV in base alloy to 93 HV in the AA5082 composite having B4C proportion of 15%. However, a slight decrease in hardness is also observed at higher wt% of B4C which could be due to agglomeration of particles. Evaluation of yield strength showed an escalation in the strong point with the addition of reinforced particles under the effect of orowan strengthening mechanism. Wear analysis conducted on Tribometer indicates that the escalation of load and sliding distance is proportional to the loss of material in composites whereas, wear declined with the rise of sliding speed. The micrograph examination of the wear tracks reveals the material removal mechanism from the composite as abrasive in nature. Pitting at certain places is also observed.

Technological Tools and Artificial Intelligence in Estrus Detection of Sows—A Comprehensive Review

In animal farming, timely estrus detection and prediction of the best moment for insemination is crucial. Traditional sow estrus detection depends on the expertise of a farm attendant which can be inconsistent, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Attempts and trials in developing and implementing technological tools to detect estrus have been explored by researchers. The objective of this review is to assess the automatic methods of estrus recognition in operation for sows and point out their strong and weak points to assist in developing new and improved detection systems. Real-time methods using body and vulvar temperature, posture recognition, and activity measurements show higher precision. Incorporating artificial intelligence with multiple estrus-related parameters is expected to enhance accuracy. Further development of new systems relies mostly upon the improved algorithm and accurate data provided. Future systems should be designed to minimize the misclassification rate, so better detection is achieved.

Sensor system for analysis of biofilm sensitivity to ampicillin

The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics is a key factor that makes bacterial infections unsusceptible to antimicrobial therapy. The results of classical tests of cell sensitivity to antibiotics cannot be used to predict therapeutic success in infections associated with biofilm formation. We describe a simple and rapid method for the real-time evaluation of bacterial biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics, with Pseudomonas putida and ampicillin as examples. The method uses an electric biosensor to detect the difference between changes in the biofilm electric polarizability, thereby evaluating antibiotic sensitivity. The electric signals showed that P. putida biofilms were susceptible to ampicillin and that at high antibiotic concentrations, the biofilms differed markedly in their susceptibility (dose-dependent effect). The sensor also detected differences between biofilms before and after ampicillin treatment. The electric-signal changes enabled us to describe the physical picture of the processes occurring in bacterial biofilms in the presence of ampicillin. The approach used in this study is promising for evaluating the activity of various compounds against biofilms, because it permits a conclusion about the antibiotic sensitivity of biofilm bacteria to be made in real time and in a short period (analysis time, not longer than 20 min). An added strong point is that analysis can be done directly in liquid, without preliminary sample preparation.Key points• Sensor system to analyze biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility is described.• The signal change depended on the ampicillin concentration (dose-dependent effect).• The sensor allows real-time determination of the antibiofilm effect of ampicillin.

DL‐malic acid for inhibiting the re‐ignition of long‐flame coal and its micro‐reaction mechanism

AbstractTo study the metal ion chelating agent (DL‐malic acid) inhibiting oxidation characteristics of residual coal in goaf, the microscopic thermal transformation characteristics of the treated coal samples were obtained using apparent morphology, infrared spectroscopy, free radical testing, and thermal analysis. The results demonstrate that after the addition of malic acid, the sphericity and roundness of the coal samples decrease, and the small fractured particles accumulate in the pores of the oxidized coal samples and, thereby, reduce the number of coal–oxygen contact sites. The addition of 10% malic acid promotes the conversion of functional groups (FG) and free radicals in pre‐oxidized coal, inhibits the catalytic effect of metal ions, generates more active sites, and increases the total heat release during the combustion process. There are strong endothermic points in the malic acid‐treated coal samples, and the free water evaporation blocked by small particles in the holes delays the initial heat release temperature of the coal samples. Pre‐oxidation can promote changes in the valence state of metal ions in coal, increase the adhesion between broken pre‐oxidized coal particles via malic acid chelation, and lose the catalytic effect of metal ions; this inhibits the process of oxidative re‐ignition of coal samples.

The Emergence of Modern, Industrial Society — A Comparison of the Theories of Max Weber and Douglass North

The Hegel-Marx dialectic between Sein and Bewusstsein has been continuing as a general problem throughout the history of social sciences. Some theories earmark mental, psychological, or ideological factors as causers to societal developments, while other approaches solely focus on material factors. The article compares two theories pertaining to the rise of modern, industrial society, that of Weber and that of North. Though North has some strong points, Weber´s theory is more encompassing and dovetailing.

A teaching proposal on the new water culture for students aged 14–15: design, application and evaluation in a Colombian context

Education is key for teaching citizens to be aware of the value of water and the importance of using it sustainably. This work analyses the effects of a teaching proposal called Únete a la Nueva Cultura del Agua [Join the New Water Culture] for students aged 14–15 in a Colombian context (https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81284). It was applied in Social and Natural Science classes over 10 two-hour sessions. It was evaluated through: (a) Pretest-postest questionnaire; (b) follow-up questionnaires on the proposal that included self-evaluation, co-evaluation and hetero-evaluation on the part of students; and (c) student workbooks. The results showed the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal. It is concluded that there is a good correspondence between the strong and weak points of the proposal and the contents of the tasks that received the highest and lowest scores, respectively, revealing the associations between knowledge and perceptions. These associations are corroborated with the entries in the student workbooks following the end of the teaching proposal.

An Analysis of Sumbawa Vocational High Schools English Foreign Language Teachers’ English Proficiency

The aim of the study is to analyze the English proficiency of VHSs EFL teachers in Sumbawa. In Indonesia, English is considered a foreign language and a mandatory subject that has to be taught at schools. Especially at Vocational High School (VHS), neither current nor official records of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ proficiency levels exists in our national databases (Yusuf and Novita, 2020). It could be argued that many English teachers in Indonesian schools fall under the category of less-skilled professionals with the lack of adequate competences to teach the language (Renandya, Hamid, & Nurkanto, 2018). The participants of the study consisted of 30 VHSs EFL Teachers of Sumbawa. The data collected using TOEFL like test, and it was analyzed in thre steps; correcting the TOEFL score, converting it into CEFR level, and intepreting the data. The results of the study show that the English proficiency of the VHSs EFL teachers is range from A1 to B1 which the majority of the participating teachers’ language proficiency are still at the CEFR A2 level. Regarding the strong points, it shows that the participants perform better at listening comprehension compared to the other two sets of skills tested. Based on the analysis of their numbers of correct answers, SWE section seemed to be a weak point for nearly every participant.

Estimated-Adult BMI Versus BMI for Monitoring Childhood Obesity

A child or an adult is considered obese (wasted), when the incumbent has excess (lesser) mass-for-height. BMI (body-mass index) is, universally, employed to estimate status of obesity (wasting). The name was given by Ancel Keys (1904-2004) and co-workers, replacing the earlier name ‘Quetelet index’ (1832) after the Belgian astronomer, mathematician and statistician, Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874). To compute BMI of an individual, one should divide the incumbent’s mass (in kg — kilograms) by square of height (in m — meters). This index has its weak as well as its strong points. It is not able to account for factors like size of body frame as well as muscularity. Further, it is based on incorrect assumptions about body fat and lean mass distribution. As the person attains mature age, a decrease in height occurs, which results in BMI reduction, although the mass is not altered. Further, BMI is not able to establish a universal threshold for conditions of overweight and underweight as well as inter- and intra-region variations in body compositions of different communities, the later one appears by the presence of different ethnic groups within the same region. For children, the BMI range, which is routinely employed for estimating statuses for adults, is not applicable. BMI tables are needed to interpret childhood obesity-and-malnutrition.

Editorial

Editorial

Damage-Tolerant Wood Layers for Corrosion Protection of Metal Structures.

Mechanically strong and damage-tolerant corrosion protection layers are of great technological importance. However, corrosion protection layers with high modulus (>1.5 GPa) and tensile strength (>100 MPa) are rare. Here, we report that a 130 μm thick densified wood veneer with a Young's modulus of 34.49 GPa and tensile strength of 693 MPa exhibits both low diffusivity for metal ions and the ability of self-recovery from mechanical damage. Densified wood veneer is employed as an intermediate layer to render a mechanically strong corrosion protection structure, referred to as "wood corrosion protection structure", or WCPS. The corrosion rate of low-carbon steel protected by WCPS is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude than state-of-the-art corrosion protection layers during a salt spray test. The introduction of engineered wood veneer as a thin and mechanically strong material points to new directions of sustainable corrosion protection design.

TYPOLOGY OF HUMOR-CREATING MEANS IN THE BIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVE (A STUDY OF BORIS JOHNSON’S “THE CHURCHILL FACTOR. HOW ONE MAN MADE HISTORY” AND ITS UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION)

This paper addresses the ways of using humor in English biographical narrative and its Ukrainian translation to engage the reader to getting familiar with the book, to build a dialogue between the author and the reader as well as to fully characterize the protagonist. The paper claims that Boris Johnson's “The Churchill Factor. How one man made history" is a vivid example of the effective use of humorous techniques in a biographical narrative and its Ukrainian translation. Boris Johnson excels in utilizing humor as a tool of highlighting Churchill's weaknesses and strong points as a political leader and an outstanding personality by keeping the balance between dramatic and funny episodes in the protagonist’s life. The analysis proves that the main means of creating humor in the text under discussion are exaggeration and hyperbole, metaphorization, word play, and irony. The paper claims that Johnson's use of the above humor-producing techniques is effective for achieving several purposes.
 Along with engaging the readership’s interest towards the book’s content and further maintaining it, the humor-oriented narrative helps to humanize Churchill,making him more intelligible for the reader. Humor also facilitates conveying and interpreting complex ideas and motifs Churchill was guided by throughout his political carreer and daily life. The paper concludes by the reflections on how the use of humor-producing techniques influenced the construction of the author’s axiological vision of the biography historical persona, which is suggested to the reader at large.

Mathematical modeling of human memory.

The mathematical study of human memory is still an open challenge. Cognitive psychology and neuroscience have given a big contribution to understand how the human memory is structured and works. Cognitive psychologists developed experimental paradigms, conceived quantitative measures of performance in memory tasks for both healthy people and patients with memory disorders, but in terms of mathematical modeling human memory there is still a lot to do. There are many ways to mathematically model human memory, for example, by using mathematical analysis, linear algebra, statistics, and artificial neural networks. The aim of this study is to provide the reader with a description of some prominent models, involving mathematical analysis and linear algebra, designed to describe how memory works by predicting the results of psychological experiments. We have ordered the models from a chronological point of view and, for each model, we have emphasized what are, in our opinion, the strong and weak points. We are aware that this study covers just a part of human memory modeling as well as that we have made a personal selection, which is arguable. Nevertheless, our hope is to help scientists to modeling human memory and its diseases.

Performance and sensitivity of column-wise and pixel-wise methane retrievals for imaging spectrometers

Abstract. Strong methane point source emissions generate large atmospheric concentrations that can be detected and quantified with infrared remote sensing and retrieval algorithms. Two standard and widely used retrieval algorithms for one class of observing platform, imaging spectrometers, include pixel-wise and column-wise approaches. In this study, we assess the performance of both approaches using the airborne imaging spectrometer (Global Airborne Observatory) observations of two extensive controlled-release experiments. We find that the column-wise retrieval algorithm is sensitive to the flight line length and can have a systematic low bias with short flight lines, which is not present in the pixel-wise retrieval algorithm. However, the pixel-wise retrieval is very computationally expensive, and the column-wise retrieval algorithms can produce good results when the flight line length is sufficiently long. Lastly, this study examines the methane plume detection performance of the Global Airborne Observatory with a column-wise retrieval algorithm and finds minimum detection limits of between 9 of 10 kg h−1 and 90 % probability of detection between 10 and 45 kg h−1. These results present a framework of rules for guiding proper concentration retrieval selection given conditions at the time of observation in order to ensure robust detection and quantification.

Evaluation of Dose-Response Relationship of Permeation Enhancer Isopropyl Myristate Release on Drug Release: Release Enhancement Efficiency and Molecular Mechanism.

The objective of this study is to investigate the dose-response relationship between various concentrations of permeation enhancers (PEs) and their ability to enhance drug release from a polymer matrix, utilizing an innovative parameter known as release enhancement efficiency (K). Additionally, the molecular mechanism underlying dynamic enhancement was also examined. Isopropyl myristate (IPM) was used as model enhancer and zolmitriptan (ZOL) was used as model drug to investigate dose-effect relationship in pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA). The release behavior of the PEs was determined by LC-MS/MS and verified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The enhancing effect of the PE on ZOL release was evaluated through in vitro release experiments and further validated by pharmacokinetics study. And the molecular mechanism was characterized with thermal analysis (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and molecular dynamics simulation. K was 0.156, 0.286 and 0.279 at 3%, 6% and 9% IPM concentrations, indicating that the enhancement efficiency reached the maximum when the 6% IPM was applied. According to the mechanism research results, the fluidity of PSA increased linearly with the increase of IPM concentrations, but the interaction between IPM and ZOL reached its strongest point at 6%. In summary, the increase of K value (from 0 to 6% IPM content) was caused by the synergy of increased mobility of PSA and interaction (dipole-dipole and hydrogen-bond) among three components, and when the above two actions were in antagonistic, K no longer increased (6-9% IPM content).