Strong Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES IN DIGITAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

<p>Leadership will always change according to the times, including leading in digital era. Leadership is the art of inviting and moving other people to work to achieve goals. This research aims to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership and LMX theory that provide valuable frameworks for leadership in the digitalization era by promoting adaptability, innovation, employee engagement, collaboration, and the development of strong interpersonal relationships in a technologically driven work environment. The qualitative approach is used utilizing the databases Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar and PubMed. There is a strong relationship between traits (intelligence, personality, integrity) and leadership. Digital era is an era where society is centered on systems that are integrated online in solving social problems and balancing economic growth. In this digital era, healthcare leaders need to improve their tech savvy skill so they can guide their organizations in adopting and leveraging these technologies. They need to be more proactive, be innovative and dynamic, and set a good example in order to bring the organization up ahead. To improve the quality of digital health services, effective leadership is required.</p>

Relations as Immunity: Building Community Resilience

Resilience—a term that originated in mathematical ecology—now commonly refers to the ability to thrive in the face of trauma and adversity. This Position Piece reflects on both the charisma and political lability of resilience in the early 21st century. On the one hand, resilience is easily compatible with neoliberal discourses that demand that individuals protect themselves in the absence of state or community support. On the other hand, resilience can be an important corrective to narratives about the damage caused by trauma, focusing attention on our innate ability to heal. We argue that the ambivalence of resilience requires theoretical and empirical attention to both the wider appeal of the term and the situated definitions deployed by diverse actors. In particular, we look at the rise of the term ‘community resilience’ popularised by academics, community leaders, and activists, which seeks to avoid the pitfalls of the neoliberal definition of resilience and argues that strong interpersonal relationships can support health equity. Despite the ambivalence of resilience, we find “community resilience” to be promising in a time when collective visions of health and immunity are desperately needed.

1 Social Support is Associated with Better Memory Performance among Hispanic/Latino, but not Non-Hispanic White Older Adults

Objective:Hispanic/Latino (H/L) older adults are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHW), and there is an urgent need to identify important factors that may help prevent and/or reduce age-related cognitive health disparities. Positive psychosocial factors, such as social support, may protect against cognitive impairment and decline. However, recent research has highlighted that the effect of social support on cognitive outcomes may differ across racial/ethnic groups. Given the emphasis placed on family relationships and support in H/L culture, the current study sought to clarify whether H/L ethnicity moderated the association between social support and cognitive functioning in a well-characterized sample of community-dwelling older adults residing in Texas.Participants and Methods:Participants included 766 NHW and 817 H/L (predominantly Mexican American) older adults (Mage = 66.25 ±8.64) without dementia enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities. Participants completed study questionnaires and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Perceived social support was measured using the total sum score from the 12-item abbreviated version of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Episodic memory performance was operationalized as the z-score composite of the immediate and delayed recall totals from the Spanish English Verbal Learning Test and the Weschler Memory Scale (WMS)-III Logical Memory 1 and 2. Executive functioning was operationalized as the z-score composite of scores from the WMS-III Digit Span, Verbal Fluency (FAS), and Trails B. Analyses of covariance were used to explore racial/ethnic group differences in self-reported levels of social support. Multiple linear regression models examined (1) ethnicity x social support interactions on cognition, and (2) ethnicity-stratified social support and cognition associations. Covariates included age, education, sex, yearly income, and depressive symptoms.Results:H/L older adults reported less perceived social support compared to NHWs (F = 41.16, p < .001). There were no significant ethnicity x social support interactions on episodic memory (ß = 0.04, p = .53) or executive functioning (ß = 0.004, p = .95). However, stratified models revealed that more social support was associated with better memory performance in H/Ls (ß = 0.08, p = .01), but not in NHWs (ß = 0.0004, p = .99). No significant associations between social support and executive functioning were observed amongst H/Ls (ß = -0.01, p = .60) or NHWs (ß = 0.04, p = .29).Conclusions:Although H/Ls reported lower levels of social support relative to NHWs, we observed that social support was linked to better memory performance within the H/L group only. Results suggest that culturally tailored interventions which encourage strong interpersonal relationships and caring for family could enhance social support in H/Ls and thus help to prevent memory decline. Future work should focus on the development of assessment measures that better characterize unique cultural elements of social support within H/Ls, such as multigenerational households, and explore the direct effects of social support on brain metrics.

The Influence of Social and Psychological Factors in the Success of Customer Relationship Management Strategies

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an important business approach in maintaining a strong relationship between a company and its customers. CRM strategies aim to increase customer satisfaction, build loyalty, and maximise customer value. This study aims to analyse the influence of social and psychological factors in the success of CRM strategies. This research is a literature review that adopts a qualitative method approach, which means that this research will analyse and interpret data by relying on information and text from various sources. The study results show that in a competitive business world, CRM plays an important role in building strong relationships with customers. Social and psychological factors have a crucial influence on the success of CRM strategies. Strong interpersonal relationships with customers are key, and companies should pay special attention to training employees to interact well and empathetically.

RISING Strong: Sustainability through Art, Science, and Collective Community Action

The objective of this research is to offer a qualitative analysis of adult STEAM (science, technology, engineering, the arts and mathematics) learning in a community setting, with a focus on sustainability and climate action. To date, much research on STEAM learning has been directed towards youth and children in formal educational settings. Our qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with community participants, artists, and scientists over the course of a six-month initiative in Ireland allowed us to develop a rich picture of a multi-faceted STEAM project that held space for both a social change agenda and a learning agenda. In our findings, we identified several contributing factors to transformative learning and changed feelings about climate change, including pride of place, the development of strong interpersonal relationships, and an emerging sense of collective agency through a shared emotional and affective journey. To design for meaningful, community-level climate action, we argue that learning may be supported in, with and through STEAM. Our study also showcases the value of the arts and aesthetic experiences to embrace dissensus when tackling a complex issue like climate change through STEAM education.

The PERMA model, well-being and Whoop-Up: A musical variety show for adult members of a school community

The positive impact of group music-making on subjective well-being has been shown in various contexts, yet very few studies have focused on community musicals. The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to explore the well-being of adults who participated in Whoop-Up, a musical variety show consisting of singing, dancing and acting, for parents, staff members, alums, alums’ parents and friends of a primary school. Data were explored through the lens of the PERMA framework. Twenty-one adults aged between 21 and 75 involved in Whoop-Up in 2018 volunteered to participate in the study. The findings indicate that participants experienced positive benefits in all the sub-domains of subjective well-being according to the PERMA framework. Meaning was the most salient dimension, followed by Engagement, Relationship, Positive Emotions and Accomplishment. The findings suggest that participation in Whoop-Up may impart a deep sense of meaning for participants, embedded in positive emotions, which could foster strong interpersonal relationships between parents, teachers, alums and the school environment as a whole.

Experiences lived by international nurses concerning professional integration and interpersonal relationships in the workplace: qualitative research

PurposeThe recruitment of international nurses has been used for a long time to address the global nurse shortage. In 2012, the employment of international nurses was released in Turkey. Cultural differences can hinder interpersonal relationships, and fostering strong interpersonal relationships among nurses in the workplace is known to have a positive impact on productivity, job satisfaction and the quality of care provided. This study aims to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of international nurses working in Turkey regarding their professional integration and interpersonal relationships in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachIt is a qualitative descriptive study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 19 international nurses using a semi-structured form. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsData were presented into two themes: (1) Interpersonal relationships in the workplace and (2) Professional integration. Participants reported positive and negative experiences regarding interpersonal relationships in the work environment, such as warm and supportive approaches, or exclusionary and discriminatory behaviors. The existence of different nursing practices, positive and negative factors concerning orientation programs and the gain of experience and professional satisfaction were mentioned by the participants.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of international nurses working in Turkey. The study highlights the unique needs and challenges faced by international nurses during workplace adaptation and provides practical recommendations to facilitate interpersonal relationships in the workplace and other aspects related to professional integration from hiring to the end of the adaptation period.

Justice Fosters the Effect of Team-Building Interventions on Viability and Performance

Building viable teams provides a sustainable organizational culture and supports efforts to overcome challenges and maintain a long-lasting and growing business. This study analyzed the role of organizational distributive justice on the relationship between team-building interventions and team viability, alongside team performance. As we understand the underlying concepts of viability and performance better, we can build more resilient teams. An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 402 employees in different teams in organizations. A research model was built with viability and performance as the dependent variables and team-building as the independent variable. The perception of distributive justice was the mediator. Team-building was measured by four variables, where the results of the factor analysis suggested that problem-solving and interpersonal relationships converged into one variable, whereas goal-setting and role clarification represented the second factor of team-building. Regression and mediation analysis showed that problem-solving and interpersonal relationships had a stronger influence on teams’ viability and performance. More remarkably, distributive justice mediated this strong relationship. Throughout the challenging business environment, improving the problem-solving abilities of our teams and encouraging them to build strong interpersonal relationships integrated with a perception of justice would improve the teams’ sustainability significantly. Independent of the strength of the relationship between the team-building factors of viability and performance, organizational distributive justice fosters performance and sustainability. The observed influence of distributive justice was stronger on the goal-setting and role clarification components, whereas direct effects were relatively weaker. The high correlation between team viability and performance should encourage leaders to give equal importance to these concepts when building and motivating their teams, measuring the outcomes, and taking necessary actions.

THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AT XYZ UNIVERSITY

Transformational leadership has become an important subject of research in the field of management and organizational psychology, due to its powerful influence on individual and group performance. The method used in this study is the search for scientific articles in leading academic databases. Inclusion criteria were established to select articles relevant to this research topic, i.e. research explaining the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance at XYZ University. After passing the selection process, articles that meet the inclusion criteria are taken as research samples. The results of this systematic literature review show that transformational leadership has a significant positive impact on employee performance at XYZ University. Several studies have found that transformational leadership is positively associated with productivity, work quality, job satisfaction, and employee organizational commitment. Previous research has shown that transformational leadership affects employee performance through several mechanisms. First, transformational leadership encourages employees to adopt a strong organizational vision, which provides clear goals and direction. Second, transformational leadership creates a work environment that supports employees' personal and professional development, which increases their motivation and commitment to the organization. Third, transformational leadership builds strong interpersonal relationships between leaders and employees, which improves trust, communication, and collaboration. In addition, this literature review also identified several contextual factors that can moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. These factors include organizational culture, organizational structure, and individual characteristics of employees. In an organizational culture that supports innovation and participation, transformational leadership can have a stronger impact on employee performance. Similarly, flexible and empowering organizational structures can enhance the effects of transformational leadership on employee performance. In addition, individual characteristics such as motivation and personality can also influence the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. The findings of this study show that transformational leadership has an important role in improving employee performance. Organizations need to understand the importance of transformational leadership and apply it in their context to improve employee productivity and success. However, more research is needed to understand more deeply the mechanisms and contextual factors that influence these relationships, as well as test their effects in different organizational contexts.

Diversification strategies for the resilience of small New England dairies

Dairy farmers face persistent market shocks that force creative diversifications to enhance their resilience. In the summer of 2021, corporate dairy companies canceled over 100 contracts with organic dairy farmers in New England, a market shock to the industry across the Northeast. To better understand how farmers cope with market shocks in small dairy production, we studied small-scale dairy farms from the perspective of social ecological resilience, exploring the role of diversification in small dairies in Vermont and New Hampshire: which strategies are most effective, what factors influence diversification, and the barriers to diversification. Data came from interviews with dairy farmers and advocates from multiple sectors involving ecological, economic, institutional, cultural, and personal domains. We highlight why, how, and with what support small-scale New England dairy farmers have adapted, supplemented, or transformed their dairy operations. Dairy farms exhibited high levels of diversification, motivated by a range of economic, ecological, and personal incentives. Predominant diversification pathways include (1) higher premiums from organic or directly marketed liquid milk, (2) value-added dairy products, (3) nondairy farm products, and (4) efficient and sustainable land management practices. Our findings suggest that what supports diversification is the transparent and open sharing of knowledge among a network of farmers, based on strong interpersonal relationships. Institutions such as government programs and dairy cooperatives frame diversification, which is best supported by funding flexibility and accessibility of information. Diversification has enabled greater resilience for dairy farmers, despite continued dairy market volatility in the Northeast. Without structural and institutional changes, dairy viability will continue to be in jeopardy, and the need for diversification will remain.

Psychological contract breach and organizational citizenship behaviours: the moderating role of contract type

PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to assess the moderating effect of the psychological contract (PC) type (relational, transactional and balanced) on the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs).Design/methodology/approachThe authors administered a survey to a sample of 159 nurses working in a large public hospital. To analyse the survey data, the authors used partial least squares with SmartPLS v.3.3, a variance-based structural equation modelling technique that combines principal component analysis, path analysis and regression analysis.FindingsThis study shows that nurses counteract the loss of resources following a PCB by investing more in stronger interpersonal relationships with co-workers and patients as a way to recuperate from resource loss and gain social resources. In addition, the moderating effect of the PC type reinforces the relationship between a PCB and OCB in a way that relational and balanced PC types support OCB-I positively but negatively OCB-O. Furthermore, the transactional PC does not reinforce negatively the link between PCB and OCB-I, and the negative interacting effect on the PCB and OCB-O link is only partially supported.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings are grounded on a cross-sectional research design and a convenience sampling strategy.Practical implicationsThe results highlight the relevance of human resources management practices centred on employee involvement and participatory supervision styles for ensuring OCB display at the workplace.Originality/valueThe results add new evidence to COR theory by highlighting the importance of social resources as a mitigator in the relationship between nurses’ PCB and OCB towards co-workers and patients (OCB-I). Hence, the OCB-I display will vary in function of the target and the moderating effect of PC type (relational, balanced or transactional).

Abstract B012: “Just give it to us straight!”: A qualitative analysis of midwestern rural lung cancer survivors and caregivers about survivorship care experiences

Abstract BACKGROUND: For over 40 years, rural lung cancer survivorship rates have lagged behind urban survivorship rates. Lower survivorship rates are partly related to decreased understanding of survivorship care needs and a reduced understanding of other elements common to survivorship care planning (e.g., review and management of treatment side-effects) by rural cancer survivors. However, the perspectives of rural lung cancer survivors regarding their experiences with survivorship care are unreported. We examined survivorship care experiences and barriers and facilitators to survivorship care navigation and implementation among rural lung cancer survivors and caregivers. METHODS: We conducted interviews from May 2021-June 2022. We purposively sampled rural patients with posttreatment lung cancer–within 5 years from their last active treatment–and caregivers of patients with lung cancer residing in Midwest communities. Participants self-identified as rural. Using a community-engaged recruitment strategy and snowballing technique, we recruited from rural and urban regional cancer centers, regional hospitals, and rural health clinics. Interviews were conducted either in person or by telephone. The interview guide questions probed participants regarding survivorship care implementation, knowledge, and navigation. All interviews were recorded and independently transcribed. Two analysts conducted a thematic analysis and inductively coded verbatim transcripts. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted with (n=22) lung cancer survivors and caregivers. Most participants were lung cancer survivors, Non-Hispanic White, at least 65 years old, married, female, have an annual household income of $75,000, received an Associate’s degree or less, and were previous smokers. There was an equal distribution of recent cancer diagnoses each year between 2018-2021. We coded similar perceptions between survivors and caregivers. Themes related to survivorship care included (1) Frustrations and anxiety were associated with unexpected barriers to adhering to care recommendations, (2) Participants emphasized needing clear posttreatment survivorship care recommendations, (3) Both self-reliance and strong supportive social networks were needed to cope with challenges associated with posttreatment care, and (4) Having patient-centered care and engaged caregivers helped survivors overcome barriers associated with survivorship care. Subthemes addressed multilevel (e.g., individual, community, policy) challenges and facilitators. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study illuminate the experiences of rural lung cancer survivors and caregivers’ survivorship care. Participants reported that survivorship care planning is frustrating and requires resilience and strong interpersonal relationships to navigate. Survivors and caregivers preferred clear, even candid, communication about their survivorship care planning and patient-centered care. Considering persistent rural-urban lung cancer survivorship disparities, tools to improve communication about survivorship care needs are needed. Citation Format: Marquita W. Lewis-Thames, Anna E. Gurolnik, Shakira J. Grant, Sam Keimweiss. “Just give it to us straight!”: A qualitative analysis of midwestern rural lung cancer survivors and caregivers about survivorship care experiences [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B012.

ICRE Top Research Abstracts

ICRE Top Research Abstracts

Is Sport Coaching a Social Sustainable Profession for Women? Analysing the Experiences of Women Coaches in Spain

While there are several studies showing the importance of social sustainability in different settings (e.g., Democracy and Governance: the Role of Sport Governing Bodies, urban planning, architecture) there is a lack of studies investigating social sustainability in the sports coaching profession, and even less research has specifically addressed women coaches. Using Barron and Gauntlett’s model of social sustainability (2002), the purpose of this study was to analyze the women coaches’ experiences of their profession and the extent to which it is a sustainable livelihood for women coaches. Semi-structured interviews with 20 women coaches were conducted from a variety of sports and performance levels. From a social sustainability perspective, the women coaches’ experiences were analyzed using Barron and Gauntlett’s principles of equity, diversity, interconnectedness, and democracy and governance to ascertain their quality of life. Our findings reveal that women coaches face multiple barriers and difficult working conditions in their profession, yet they continue to be committed to coaching largely because of the strong positive interpersonal relationships and social interactions they have with their sporting community. This study shines a light on the extent to which coaching is a livable and sustainable profession for women coaches today and highlights the importance of considering social sustainability principles to improve the experiences of women in the sports coaching profession.

RELATIONSHIP AND INSTITUTION: A THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION FRAMEWORK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHINESE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

China’s way of doing things is the typical East way, which is the group- based thinking, paying attention to people-oriented, focusing on “people” in dealing with things, having strong interpersonal relationships, and strong flexibility. The management of the West countries adopt the dichotomy method of thinking, which is unclear. All of them are governed by law, in accordance with institution management, without flexibility. For them, interpersonal relationships are weak, but with clear division of labor, powerful checks and balances, as well as clear rights and obligations. Because of the different social forms of the East and West countries and different social situations, China and other Eastern countries have paid more attention to the overall relationship, while Western countries have focused on the individual and specific issues of independence. This paper analyzes the Eastern and Western cultures based on the genetic differences between the East and the West. Starting from the group standard of the eastern countries and the individual standard of the western countries, the differences between the eastern and western cultures are analyzed from the philosophical levelChina’s way of doing things is the typical East way, which is the group- based thinking, paying attention to people-oriented, focusing on “people” in dealing with things, having strong interpersonal relationships, and strong flexibility. The management of the West countries adopt the dichotomy method of thinking, which is unclear. All of them are governed by law, in accordance with institution management, without flexibility. For them, interpersonal relationships are weak, but with clear division of labor, powerful checks and balances, as well as clear rights and obligations. Because of the different social forms of the East and West countries and different social situations, China and other Eastern countries have paid more attention to the overall relationship, while Western countries have focused on the individual and specific issues of independence. This paper analyzes the Eastern and Western cultures based on the genetic differences between the East and the West. Starting from the group standard of the eastern countries and the individual standard of the western countries, the differences between the eastern and western cultures are analyzed from the philosophical level.

SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT: ITS RELATION TO THE PSYCHOSOCIAL ATTRIBUTES OF SELECTED JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study entitled Social Media Engagement: Its relation to the Psychosocial Attributes of Selected Junior High School Students was conducted to specifically answer the following questions: What is the status of Social Media Engagement as to; Social Media Platform; Social Media Content; and Screentime? What is the level of psychosocial attributes in terms of Interpersonal Relationship; Life Satisfaction; Online Socialization; and Social Interaction? Is there a significant relationship between social media engagement and psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students of Masico National High School? Based on the data gathered, the findings of the study were as follows: (1) the status of social media engagement as to social media platform, social media content and screentime were generally high, this means that students are using different social media platforms that are educational and value their privacy, also, they are very cautious on what they will post or follow online and they set limit on using different mobile devices; (2) the level of psychosocial attributes in terms of interpersonal relationship was high while in terms of life satisfaction, online socialization and social interaction were very high, this means that students build strong relationship within their peers with the use of social media. They collaborate and work together. Also, students use social media to be motivated and have a positive outlook in life. They communicate but with limitations and valuing one?s privacy; and (3) the result revealed that social media engagement has a significant relationship to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students, this means that by using different social media platform, students develop a strong interpersonal relationship through continuous communication. Students choose contents that will motivate and help them grow as a person. Social media exposure greatly influences different aspects of students? lives. Based on the findings, social media engagement as to social media platform, social media content and screentime have a significant relationship to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students in terms of interpersonal relationship, life satisfaction, online socialization and social interaction. Therefore, the null hypothesis stating that ?Social media engagement has no significant relation to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students? was rejected. In view of the findings and conclusion of the study, the researcher recommends that teachers of Masico National High School may integrate the use of different social media platforms that promotes learning. There are a lot of social media platforms that are intended for learning and fun for the students to explore.

How happiness effects teachers: study of happiness with different variables

Happiness is the main aim of life. Happiness is such an important issue and it becomes more important when it comes to the happiness of teachers. When it comes to Chhattisgarh it becomes more important because no studies have been done in this area. We are discussing so much about poor quality of education about dropout rate of students, about learning outcomes and teacher’s role etc. But we hardly discuss the quality of teacher who is supposed to be responsible for this. We have never tried to find out how happy, satisfied or mentally fit they are. We have not tried to find out how happiness affects our teacher’s interpersonal skills and how it affects their work accountability. No research as such has been done in this area in Chhattisgarh state. The happiness survey which was factors of happiness, interpersonal skills and work accountability done by MP government was also a general survey and not focused on teachers. Happiness makes man feel his worth .A happy man may be self centered or outspoken. A happy person when deals with self he deals with internal happiness and is not bothered about his interpersonal relationships, but an outspoken happy person spreads his happiness and has a strong interpersonal relationships and is also accountable for his work. It is also seen that a person who is accountable may be accountable due to his duty and may not necessarily be happy. This paper tries to find out the relationship between the happiness of teachers with various components. Key Words: happiness of teachers

Quality of life in a 61-year-old paraplegic patient with myelomeningocele: illustrative case.

BACKGROUNDLimited data exist on survival of patients with myelomeningocele (MM) into late adulthood. Patients born prior to 1975 received less surgical treatment and demonstrated poorer survival. Patients born after 1975 show lower mortality rates because of advancements in prenatal care, diagnostics, technology, and treatment. The increasing number of adult patients with MM demonstrates these successes but also highlights the need for a better understanding of both medical management and quality-of-life issues in this population.OBSERVATIONSA 61-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a functional level T12, vertebral level low lumbar MM that had developed a tissue defect with a cerebrospinal fluid leak. The patient had her MM closed at birth and since then had received no additional surgical treatment or repair of her MM defect. After successful treatment, the patient continues to follow up for additional decompression procedures and admits to a good quality of life.LESSONSThis case adds to the limited literature describing management of patients with MM over the age of 60. The patient’s self-described good quality of life and longevity align with reports of importance of independence, level of education, bowel management, ability to provide self-care, strong interpersonal relationships, and absence of shunted hydrocephalus.

Long-term improvement of psychological well-being in the workplace: What and how

ObjectiveThe World Health Organization states that by 2030, mental illness will become the leading global disease burden. Thus, investigations of job stress might require more heterogeneous and innovative solutions. Existing literature demonstrates that good workplace environments have favorable effects on employees’ psychological well-being. However, studies on long-term effects are scarce. This study examined the long-term impact of comprehensive workplace characteristics and employee responses to stress (coping strategies) on job stress in Japan. MethodsUnder a large-scale 3-year longitudinal study, 1,021,178 observations collected from employees in 390 companies from 2017 to 2019 were used. Employee job stress trends were confirmed based on company-fixed-effects linear regression. The relationship between one-year or two-year lagged comprehensive workplace characteristics or coping strategies, and employee job stress was estimated using linear regression. Favorable effects of the work environment and coping strategy improvement were illustrated based on the regression results simulation. ResultsFirst, job stress appeared to be steadily worsening among the employees of Japanese companies from 2017 to 2019. Second, low job and psychological demand, high job control, a high level of support from the people around, balanced effort–reward, strong job security, and strong interpersonal relationship have favorable long-term effects on employee job stress. Third, employees’ coping strategies, such as positive thinking, changing mood, requiring help from other people, reduced negative thinking, and avoiding inappropriate emotional divergence have long-term effects on mitigating job stress. Particularly, thinking positively, changing mood, and avoiding directing feelings of anger and frustration toward others reduce high stress in 46% of respondent employees. ConclusionsA comprehensive well-organized workplace environment and appropriate responses to stress have a long-term favorable effect on employee job stress. These results provide policy measures for improving the workplace environment and for employees to adopt coping strategies to enhance their psychological well-being in the long term.

ANALISIS METODE PEMBELAJARAN DARING SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK BERDASAR TEORI PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK PIAGET

This study aims to examine the analysis of e-learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic on children's cognitive development based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Education for children is a systematic effort to deliver children to a bright future. In essence, every child is the future successor of the civilization of the Indonesian nation with its role as a supply of human resources. Whereas on the other hand, efforts to fulfill children's rights to receive education when related to current conditions have turned out to be experiencing obstacles due to the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Official data released by the Government of Indonesia as of August 15, 2021, as many as 213 countries have been infected with Covid-19, of which 139,226,143 have been confirmed positive and 2,989,984 have died,. If we take some of the characteristics of children at the stage of Piaget's cognitive development associated with online school policies, then there are things that need to be anticipated, namely the cognitive phase of children directly requiring school education, even though literally schools are interpreted only as institutions or buildings used for learning activities. and teach according to the level of education (elementary school, middle school and high school), but actually the school is not only an institution that provides subject matter and physical buildings but also as a laboratory for children's mindset and mentality. This study uses the library method where in collecting data information with documentation techniques, namely seeking data on relevant matters from various sources such as documents, books, scientific journals and news. The result of this research is that online learning on children's cognitive development directly experiences obstacles. This is evidenced from the concepts and theories of Piaget's cognitive development where the hallmark of cognitive development is the existence of strong interpersonal and social relationships with the environment. Because basically the learning process is not only limited to the process of delivering information and knowledge, but also there must be reciprocal interaction between participants and teachers so that there is a change in behavior and knowledge in a concrete direction.
 
 Keyword: covid-19, Education, e-learning methods, Piaget, school