Strong Hyper Research Articles

Looking at Two Ways of Constructing Quotient Hyper $BN$-algebras and Some Notes on Hyper $BN$-ideals

A hyper $BN$-algebra is a nonempty set $H$ together with a hyperoperation ``$\circledast$'' and a constant $0$ such that for all $x, y, z \in H$: $x \ll x$, $x \circledast 0 = \{x\}$, and $(x \circledast y) \circledast z = (0 \circledast z) \circledast (y \circledast x)$, where $x \ll y$ if and only if $0 \in x \circledast y$. We investigated the structures of ideals in the Hyper $BN$-algebra setting. We established equivalency of weak hyper $BN$-ideals and hyper sub$BN$-algebras. Also, we found a condition when a strong hyper $BN$-ideal become a hyper $BN$-ideal. Finally, we looked at two ways in constructing the quotient hyper $BN$-algebras and investigated the relationship between the two constructions.

Graphical posterior predictive classification: Bayesian model averaging with particle Gibbs

In this study, we present a multi-class graphical Bayesian predictive classifier that incorporates the uncertainty in the model selection into the standard Bayesian formalism. For each class, the dependence structure underlying the observed features is represented by a set of decomposable Gaussian graphical models. Emphasis is then placed on the Bayesian model averaging which takes full account of the class-specific model uncertainty by averaging over the posterior graph model probabilities. An explicit evaluation of the model probabilities is well known to be infeasible. To address this issue, we consider the particle Gibbs strategy of J. Olsson, T. Pavlenko, and F. L. Rios [Electron. J. Statist. 13 (2019), no. 2, 2865–2897] for posterior sampling from decomposable graphical models which utilizes the so-called Christmas tree algorithm of J. Olsson, T. Pavlenko, and F. L. Rios [Stat. Comput. 32 (2022), no. 5, Paper No. 80, 18] as proposal kernel. We also derive a strong hyper Markov law which we call the hyper normal Wishart law that allows to perform the resultant Bayesian calculations locally. The proposed predictive graphical classifier reveals superior performance compared to the ordinary Bayesian predictive rule that does not account for the model uncertainty, as well as to a number of out-of-the-box classifiers.

Effect of supplementation of Purslane-Portulaca oleracea in hypercholesterolemic subjects

Background: Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) is a medicinal plant containing diverse phyto constituents grown all over the world. Several studies have reported its pharmacological effects like, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypotriglyceridemia neuroprotective effects. Methods: Dried Portulaca oleraca leaves were incorporated into spice powder/ karampodi a south India food adjunct which was used for supplementation studies for 90 days (3months) among hyper glycemic subjects after obtaining a written informed consent. Biochemical parameters like lipid profile, i.e., total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, kidney function test, Liver function test were assessed. Baseline information, their medical history and 24hr dietary recall was elicited from the subjects through a pretested schedule. Results: The results have shown that the total cholesterol levels and its fractions along with triglycerides were significantly decreased, HDL-C increased significantly in the test groups from pre- supplementation to during-supplementation and were stable at post-supplementation period. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the spice powder was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid had a strong hyper cholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effect.

Mixed ligand approach for novel hydrazide copper(II) complexes: Structural aspects, theoretical investigation and their biological evaluation

In this paper, two novel Cu(II) complexes [CuL(S‐1‐amino‐2‐propanol)](R1)and [CuL(S‐2‐amino‐1‐propanol)](R2)have been synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique. The single‐crystal XRD analyses show that compoundsR1andR2crystallized in triclinic and monoclinic crystal systems with P‐1 and P21space groups, respectively. The τ5 parameter values of R1 and R2 confirmed distorted square pyramidal geometry around Cu(II) centre. The compoundsR1andR2possess 2D polymeric chains with(4,4)IIIaand2C1topology, respectively. The non‐covalent interactions and electrostatic properties were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and density functional theory (DFT). DFT calculations revealed higher stability ofR1overR2. The presence of strong hyper conjugative interactions in carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bonds has been confirmed by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations were also performed to determine the excited state properties. Based on theoretical calculations, the simulated spectra showed absorption maxima at 506 and 743 nm for both complexes. Antimicrobial assays revealed that R1 is significantly antimicrobial againstPseudomonas aeruginosaat 512 and 256 μg/mL forStaphylococcus aureus, correspondingly. Serum binding studies ofR1confirm the existence of instinctive bonding interactions due to negative values on account of ∆G, ∆S and ∆H obtained from thermodynamics studies. In silico molecular dynamics and docking approaches have been used to validate the experimental findings of anti‐microbial assay and serum binding studies. A high dock score for R1 over R2 revealed the high binding energy of the former with bacterial protein. It was found that the protein‐ligand complex remained stable throughout the dynamic simulation process, and substantial interactions between R1 and bovine serum albumin were observed.

Detailed Study of Three Halogenated Benzylpyrazole Acetamide Compounds with Potential Anticancer Properties

Spectroscopic and chemical properties of three acetamide derivatives are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Detailed functional group assignment shows that the important functional mode frequencies are in agreement with the simulated values. The nitrogen atom in the acetamide group has very strong hyper conjugative interactions with the neighboring groups. Studies of frontier orbitals showed that the LUMO is delocalized in mono substituted phenyl rings of all systems while the HOMO is over the pyrazole ring and acetamide group with changes in polarity. Electron localization function showed that electrons are more localized in the C–H bond adjacent to C–Cl bonds in the aromatic ring. Average local ionization energy in the molecule surface has also been reported. The compounds might exhibit inhibitory activity against antitumor protein-chromophore complexes.

Fuzzy Soft Positive Implicative Hyper BCK-Ideals

In this paper, the author contributed the concepts of fuzzy soft positive implicative hyper BCK-ideal of types \((\ll ,\subseteq ,\subseteq )\), \((\ll ,\ll ,\subseteq )\) and \((\subseteq ,\ll ,\subseteq )\) are introduced some related properties are considered. Relations between double-framed soft hyper BCK-ideal and double-framed soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are discussed. Additionally, the author demonstrate that the level set of fuzzy soft positive implicative hyper BCK-ideal of types \((\ll ,\subseteq ,\subseteq )\), \((\ll ,\ll ,\subseteq )\) and \((\subseteq ,\ll ,\subseteq )\) are positive implicative hyper BCK ideal of types \((\ll ,\subseteq ,\subseteq)\), \((\ll ,\ll ,\subseteq )\) and \((\subseteq ,\ll ,\subseteq )\), respectively. The conditions for a fuzzy soft set to be a fuzzy soft positive implicative hyper BCK-ideal of types \((\ll ,\subseteq ,\subseteq )\), \((\ll ,\ll ,\subseteq )\) and \((\subseteq ,\ll ,\subseteq )\), are initiated respectively, and the circumstances for a fuzzy soft set to be a fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK-ideal are also considered.

Double-Framed Soft Set Theory Applied to Hyper BCK-Algebras

The notions of double-framed soft hyper BCK-algebra and double-framed soft (strong) hyper BCK-ideal of a hyper BCK-algebra are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of double-framed soft hyper BCK-algebra and double-framed soft hyper BCK-ideal are considered. Relations between double-framed soft hyper BCK-ideal and double-framed soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are discussed. Conditions for a double-framed soft set to be a double-framed soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are provided.

MBJ-neutrosophic hyper $ BCK $-ideals in hyper $ BCK $-algebras

In 2018, Takallo et al. introduced the concept of an MBJ-neutrosophic structure, which is a generalization of a neutrosophic structure, and applied it to a $ BCK/BCI $-algebra. The aim of this study is to apply the notion of an MBJ-neutrosophic structure to a hyper $ BCK $-algebra. The notions of the MBJ-neutrosophic hyper $ BCK $-ideal, the MBJ-neutrosophic weak hyper $ BCK $-ideal, the MBJ-neutrosophic s-weak hyper $ BCK $-ideal and the MBJ-neutrosophic strong hyper $ BCK $-ideal are introduced herein, and their relations and properties are investigated. These notions are discussed in connection with the MBJ-neutrosophic level cut sets.

Osmo‐ionic regulation in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei , exposed to climate change‐induced low salinities

Most shrimp aquaculture systems rely to a large extent on the ecosystem services, and therefore, the species are inherently vulnerable to climate change effects. To study the adaptability of Penaeus vannamei under the change in salinity caused by climatic events like heavy rainfall, shrimp were exposed to salinity stress by reducing the salinity gradually and drastically. Shrimp survival rate, water and serum osmolality, ionic regulation and Na+-K+-ATPase activity were examined to ascertain the adaptability. Survival was 100% in all the treatments of gradual salinity reduction and 95% up to 5 ppt when salinity was reduced drastically. In both the stress experiments, P. vannamei effectively regulated its serum osmolality within a narrow range of 727–484 mOsm/kg in gradual and 713–510 mOsm/kg in drastic experiments against the wide range of medium osmolality by increasing its osmoregulatory capacity. The ionic profile in the shrimp tissue (Ca>K>Na>Mg) was entirely different from the profiles of the serum (Na>Ca>K>Mg) and medium (Na>Mg>Ca>K). In summary, P. vannamei being a strong hyper osmoregulator retains the essential ions at requisite concentrations through active transport by increasing the Na+-K+-ATPase enzyme activity to endure and survive under low salinities. This excellent osmoregulatory property places P. vannamei as the best contender for climate-resilient aquaculture where salinity may vary due to climatic events such as heavy rainfall.

Multipolar Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hyper BCK-Ideals in Hyper BCK-Algebras

In 2020, Kang et al. introduced the concept of a multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set of finite degree, which is a generalization of a k-polar fuzzy set, and applied it to a BCK/BCI-algebra. The specific purpose of this study was to apply the concept of a multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set of finite degree to a hyper BCK-algebra. The notions of the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy hyper BCK-ideal, the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy weak hyper BCK-ideal, the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy s-weak hyper BCK-ideal, the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy strong hyper BCK-ideal and the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy reflexive hyper BCK-ideal are introduced herein, and their relations and properties are investigated. These concepts are discussed in connection with the k-polar lower level set and the k-polar upper level set.

Hyper equality ideals: Basic properties

In this paper, the concept of (strong) hyper equality ideals in bounded hyper equality algebras are introduced and several properties and related results are given. Also, the properties of hyper equality ideals of the direct product of bounded hyper equality algebras are investigated; we prove that any (strong) hyper equality ideal of the direct product of hyper equality algebras is representable with respect to the product of (strong) hyper equality ideals of any direct component. In the sequel, we investigate the relationships between hyper equality ideals and hyper deductive systems in good bounded hyper equality algebras. Furthermore, we show how one can construct a hyper congruence relation via a strong hyper equality ideal so that the congruence classes form a hyper equality algebra.

Multipolar fuzzy hyper BCK-ideals of hyper BCK-algebras

In this paper, we apply m-polar fuzzy set to hyper BCKalgebra. We introduce the notions of k-polar fuzzy hyper BCK-ideal, k-polar fuzzy weak hyper BCK-ideal, k-polar fuzzy s-weak hyper BCK-ideal, k-polar fuzzy strong hyper BCK-ideal and k-polar fuzzy reflexive hyper BCKideal, and investigate related properties and their relations. We discuss k-polar fuzzy (weak, s-weak, strong, reflexive) hyper BCK-ideal in relation to k-polar level set

Bipolar-valued fuzzy soft hyper BCK ideals in hyper BCK algebras

Using the notion of bipolar-valued fuzzy soft set, the concepts of bipolar-valued fuzzy soft (weak, [Formula: see text]-weak, strong) hyper BCK ideal are introduced, and related properties and relations are investigated. Characterizations of bipolar-valued fuzzy soft (weak) hyper BCK ideal are considered. Conditions for a bipolar-valued fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK ideal to be a bipolar-valued fuzzy soft [Formula: see text]-weak hyper BCK ideal are provided. Conditions for a bipolar-valued fuzzy soft set to be a bipolar-valued fuzzy soft strong hyper BCK ideal are displayed.

Int-soft Implicative hyper $BCK$-ideals in hyper $BCK$-algebras

The notion of an int-soft (weak) implicative hyper BCK-ideal is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal, an int-soft implicative hyper BCK-ideal, an int-soft hyper BCK-ideal, and an int-soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are considered, and characterizations of an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal are discussed. Conditions for an int-soft hyper BCK-ideal to be an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal are provided. Using an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal, a new int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal is established. Finally, we show the hyper homomorphic preimage of an int-soft implicative hyper BCK-ideal is also an int-soft implicative hyper BCK-ideal.

Quantum mechanical and photovoltaic studies on the cocrystals of hydrochlorothiazide with isonazid and malonamide

Theoretical calculations were done using density functional theory in order to determine vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman intensities, MEP, NLO and NBO properties of the Hydrochlorothiazide-isoniazid (HCTA-IN) and Hydrochlorothiazide-malonamide (HCTA-MA) cocrystals. Electron donor-acceptor due to charge transfer mechanism has been scrutinized by the NBO investigation. First order hyperpolarizability of HCTA-IN and HCTA-MA are 19.86 and 7.80 times that of urea. The downshift of NH2, NH and CO modes are due to strong hyper conjugative interactions are indicated in NBO analysis. TD-DFT analysis was used to generate the theoretical electronic spectra, which shows a charge transfer process between the thiazide and isoniazid in HCTA-IN complex. Light harvesting efficiency studies reveal efficient photosensitization potential and photochemical modeling proves the efficiency of the cocrystal to be used in dye sensitized solar cells. Title compounds are docked with glucocorticoid receptor (1NHZ) and peroxidase manganese-dependent I (1YYD).

Monitoring Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) in live kidneys by Multiphoton Microscopy and genetically encoded probes

Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is an important physiological factor in the control of renal function. In the kidney, H2O2 is enhanced in some forms of hypertension and in diabetes, where it may play a role in renal damage. We previously found that H2O2 potently stimulates renin release from mouse juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. While all cells have the capacity to produce H2O2, the relative production levels in the different cell types of the kidney cortex (glomeruli vs proximal tubules vs JG cells), is not clear. Most H2O2 measurements have been performed ex‐vivo or in isolated renal cells, but few measurements of H2O2 have been performed in vivo. To begin addressing this, we used a genetically encoded H2O2 sensor named HyPer and multi‐photon (MP) microscopy imaging of the live mouse kidney. Before using HyPer in vivo, experiments were conducted in cultured cells expressing HyPer to determine the best wavelength for MP excitation and emission, by monitoring the increase in fluorescence after addition of H2O2. Then, HyPer was transduced into the renal cortex by subcapsular infusion of a plasmid, for 7 days. After transduction, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, the left kidney exteriorized and a carotid cannula for infusion was placed. The renal cortical vasculature and glomeruli were visualized by using Rhodmaine‐R18 simultaneously with HyPer Imaging. We observed strong HyPer fluorescence primarily in proximal tubules, and in a few cases inside glomeruli. We then tested the ability of PEG‐Catalase plus the H2O2 scavenger Ebselen to decrease the HyPer signal in proximal tubules. After finding a region to image, baseline measurements were obtained for 5 minutes at 15 sec intervals, and then Catalase/Ebselen was infused into the carotid artery. Fluorescence was monitored for another 25 minutes. We observed a steady decrease in fluorescence over time that reached 35±5% after 20 minutes (p<0.05, n=3), suggesting a decrease in H2O2. Monitoring H2O2 in specific cell types can be performed by using cell‐selective promoters to drive expression of HyPer. To monitor H2O2 in JG cells we generated adenoviruses encoding HyPer under control of the Ren1 (renin 1) promoter. Renal subcapsular catheters were used to infuse adenoviruses for 7 days. MP imaging was performed to locate glomeruli expressing Hyper in the afferent arteriole or glomerular pole. After finding this, baseline measurements were performed for five minutes and the Catalase/Ebselen was infused. We observed a steady decrease in fluorescence over time that reached 33±7% after 20 minutes (p<0.05, n=3), suggesting a decrease in H2O2 in JG cells expressing HyPer. We conclude that HyPer can be used to monitor and compare H2O2 levels in different cell types in the kidney cortex by using cell‐type specific promoters and MP microscopy. This method should allow the comparison of H2O2 levels in renal cortical cell types between different strains or during pathological conditions in live animals.Support or Funding InformationNIH 5R03DK105300‐03 to MMThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Hyper BCK Algebras

Maji et al. introduced the concept of fuzzy soft sets as a generalization of the standard soft sets, and presented an application of fuzzy soft sets in a decision-making problem. Maji et al. also introduced the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets in the paper [P.K. Maji, R. Biswas and A.R. Roy, Intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, The Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics, 9 (2001), no. 3, 677–692]. The aim of this manuscript is to apply the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy soft set to hyper BCK algebras. The notions of intuitionistic fuzzy soft hyper BCK ideal, intuitionistic fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK ideal, intuitionistic fuzzy soft s-weak hyper BCK-ideal and intuitionistic fuzzy soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are introduced, and related properties and relations are investigated. Characterizations of intuitionistic fuzzy soft (weak) hyper BCK ideal are considered. Conditions for an intuitionistic fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK ideal to be an intuitionistic fuzzy soft s-weak hyper BCK ideal are provided. Conditions for an intuitionistic fuzzy soft set to be an intuitionistic fuzzy soft strong hyper BCK ideal are given.

Cocrystals of pyrazinamide with p-toluenesulfonic and ferulic acids: DFT investigations and molecular docking studies

Cocrystals of pyrazinamide with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PZTSA) and ferulic acid (PZFER) are investigated by density functional calculations to find geometrical parameters, wavenumbers and different molecular properties. The vibrational modes associated with the phenyl and pyrazine rings have small changes during the cocrystal formation, while changes are associated with the amide group of pyrazinamide, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of ferulic acid and SO3 group of PZTSA. Using density functional theory method the molecular geometries of the co-crystals were optimized in the ground state and a comparison is made with the reported experimental data. The theoretically obtained wavenumbers are assigned by means of potential energy distribution. The downshift of different modes in the infrared spectrum is due to hydrogen bonding and this is supported by the strong hyper conjugative interactions given by natural bond orbital analysis. HOMO is delocalized over the entire molecule except phenyl ring and methyl group and LUMO is delocalized over the entire molecule except CONH2 group for PZTSA while for PZFER, HOMO and LUMO are delocalized over the ferulic acid. From the MEP plot, electron rich regions are mainly localized over CO and SO3 groups of PZTSA while for PZFER, all the oxygen atoms electron rich regions. The first hyperpolarizability of PZTSA and PZFER are 5.99 and 89.66 times that of urea. Different molecular properties like, global chemical descriptors, frontier molecular orbital analysis, nonlinear optical properties and natural bond orbital analysis are also discussed in the present work. The different functional groups in the title compounds are identified by configurations markers using the theoretical VCD spectra analysis. Light harvesting efficiency analysis shows that PZFER is suitable for photo sensitizers in DSSC's. Docking results suggest that the compounds might exhibit inhibitory activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis type II and the compounds can be developed as a new anti-TB drug.

Ecophysiological adaptations to variable salinity environments in the crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus from the Southeastern Pacific coast: Sodium regulation, respiration and excretion

The estuarine crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus is a key benthic species of estuarine and intertidal ecosystems of the South Pacific, habitats that experience wide fluctuations in salinity. The physiological strategies that allow this crab to thrive under variable salinities, and how they change during the benthic stages of their life cycle, were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and the regulatory capacity of Na+ through the normal range of environmental salinities (i.e. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) were evaluated in three size classes, ranging from juveniles to adults. In all sizes, the oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and regulatory capacity of Na+ decreased as salinity increased, with the highest values at 5 and the lowest values at 30 salinity. Bigger crabs showed a higher capacity to regulate Na+, as well as higher respiration and excretion rates compared to smaller crabs, suggesting that they are better equipped to exploit areas of the estuary with low salinity. Regardless of its size, H. crenulatus is a strong hyper regulator in diluted media (i.e. 5–20) while a conformer at salinities higher than 20. The regulatory capacity of Na+ was positively related with oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates. These relationships between sodium regulation, respiration and excretion are interpreted as adaptive physiological mechanisms that allow H. crenulatus to maintain the osmotic and bioenergetic balance over a wide range of environmental salinities.

DERIVATIONS OF MV-ALGEBRAS FROM HYPER MV-ALGEBRAS

In this paper, we investigate some new results in MV-algebras and (strong) hyper MV-algebras. We show that for any infinite countable set M, we can construct an MV-algebra and a strong hyper MV-algebra on M. Specially, for any infinite totally bounded set, we can construct a strong hyper MV-algebra on it. Then by considering the concept of fundamental relation on hyper MV-algebras, we define the notion of fundamental MV-algebra and prove that any MV-algebra is a fundamental MV-algebra. In practical, we show that any infinite countable MV-algebra is a fundamental MV-algebra of itself, but it is not correct for finite MV-algebras.