Stress Response Research Articles

Metabolic labeling of RNA using ribonucleoside analogs enables the evaluation of RNA synthesis and degradation rates.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. Despite lacking protein-coding capabilities, lncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular processes, including gene-expression modulation and structural maintenance. The study of lncRNAs has evolved significantly since 2009, with advancements in analytical methodologies providing new insights into their functions and dynamics. Key developments include BRIC-Seq, SLAM-Seq, TUC-Seq, TimeLapse-seq, and Dyrec-Seq. These methodologies have enabled researchers to investigate lncRNA behavior under various conditions, including cellular stress responses and complex biologic systems. Future challenges include developing comprehensive techniques for identifying lncRNA-interacting proteins and advancing in vivo methodologies using model organisms. As the field progresses, integrating these technologies will enhance our understanding of lncRNA biology, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies and deeper insights into gene-regulation mechanisms.

In vitro resensitization of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis through phage-antibiotic synergy.

Bacteriophages are an increasingly attractive option for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, but their efficacy is difficult to discern due to the confounding effects of antibiotics. Phages are generally delivered in conjunction with antibiotics, and thus, when patients improve, it is unclear whether the phages, antibiotics, or both are responsible. This question is particularly relevant for enterococcus infections, as limited data suggest phages might restore antibiotic efficacy against resistant strains. Enterococci can develop high-level resistance to vancomycin, a primary treatment. We assessed clinical and laboratory isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis to determine whether we could observe synergistic interactions between phages and antibiotics. We identified synergy between multiple phages and antibiotics including linezolid, ampicillin, and vancomycin. Notably, antibiotic susceptibility did not predict synergistic interactions with phages. Vancomycin-resistant isolates (n = 6) were eradicated by the vancomycin-phage combination as effectively as vancomycin-susceptible isolates (n = 2). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant gene expression changes under antibiotic-phage conditions, especially for linezolid and vancomycin, with upregulated genes involved in nucleotide and protein biosynthesis and downregulated stress response and prophage-related genes. While our results do not conclusively determine the mechanism of the observed synergistic interactions between antibiotics and phages, they do confirm and build upon previous research that observed these synergistic interactions. Our work highlights how using phages can restore the effectiveness of vancomycin against resistant isolates. This finding provides a promising, although unexpected, strategy for moving forward with phage treatments for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infections.

Diet-induced plasticity modifies relationships between larval growth rate and post-metamorphic behavior and physiology.

It has frequently been hypothesized that among-individual variation in behavior and physiology will correlate with life history traits, yet the nature of these correlations can vary. Such variability may arise from plasticity in trait development, which can amplify or attenuate trait correlations across different environments. Using the Mexican spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata), we tested whether relationships between larval growth rate and post-metamorphic behavior or physiology are influenced by a key mediator of developmental plasticity: larval diet type. S. multiplicata larvae develop on two alternate diets, with slower growing omnivores feeding on detritus and faster growing carnivores consuming live fairy shrimp. We found that correlations between larval growth rate and post-metamorphic behavior and physiology differed by diet type. Among detritus feeders, faster growing larvae developed into juvenile frogs that were not only bolder but also had higher hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis reactivity (an indicator of stress responsiveness) and longer telomeres, suggesting greater somatic maintenance. In contrast, among shrimp feeders - which exhibited faster growth overall - larval growth rate was less strongly correlated with juvenile behavior and physiology, indicating that a shift from omnivory to carnivory can attenuate trait correlations among individuals. Overall, our study suggests that developmental plasticity induced by different diet types can modify relationships between life history traits and individual behavior or physiology.

Knockdown of OsPHP1 Leads to Improved Yield Under Salinity and Drought in Rice via Regulating the Complex Set of TCS Members and Cytokinin Signalling.

Plant two-component system (TCS) is crucial for phytohormone signalling, stress response, and circadian rhythms, yet the precise role of most of the family members in rice remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function of OsPHP1, a pseudo-histidine phosphotransfer protein in rice, using a functional genomics approach. OsPHP1 is localised in the nucleus and cytosol, and it exhibits strong interactions with all sensory histidine kinase proteins (OsHK1-6) and cytokinin catabolism genes. Our results demonstrate that OsPHP1 functions as a negative regulator of cytokinin signalling. Knockdown of OsPHP1 enhanced the expression of positive cytokinin signalling regulators, such as OsHKs and OsAHPs (authentic phosphotransfer proteins), while downregulating negative regulators, such as type-A response regulators (OsRRs) and cytokinin catabolism genes (CKXs). Furthermore, OsPHP1 negatively influences abiotic stress tolerance, as evidenced by the increased sensitivity of OsPHP1-OE (overexpression) lines to salinity and drought. In contrast, OsPHP1-KD (knockdown) lines showed enhanced stress resilience, with better photosynthesis, increased tiller and panicle production, higher spikelet fertility, and grain filling. The study demonstrates that OsPHP1 suppresses antioxidant and stress-responsive genes, exacerbating ion toxicity and reducing osmolyte accumulation, thereby impairing plant growth and yield under stress conditions. These findings highlight OsPHP1 as a critical modulator of plant responses to abiotic stress and suggest potential genetic targets for enhancing crop stress tolerance.

Promoter of Vegetable Pea PsPIP2-4 Responds to Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Tobacco

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), one sub-family of aquaporins (AQPs), are responsible for plant abiotic stress responses. However, little information is currently available about the stress responsiveness of the PIP promoter in vegetable pea. In the present study, one novel promoter of PsPIP2-4 which shared high similarity to the PIP2-type AQPs from other plants, was isolated. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays suggested that PsPIP2-4 was predominantly expressed in leaves and abundantly induced by abiotic stress treatments (polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, NaCl, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)). Further, the promoter activity of PsPIP2-4 was verified in transgenic tobacco plants. Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining driven by the PsPIP2-4 promoter confirmed that it was mainly detected in the leaves of transgenic seedlings, especially in the guard cells. Exposure of transgenic seedlings to various environmental stimuli proved that the promoter activity of PsPIP2-4 was abundantly strengthened by osmotic, salt, and MeJA stresses. This research provides one stress-inducible promoter enabling targeted gene expression under abiotic stresses and demonstrates its usefulness in the genetic improvement of plant stress resistance.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of MST, SUT and SWEET transporters in Dendrobium catenatum

BackgroundSugar transporters (STs) play a critical role in the transportation of sugar, participating in plant growth and development, stress/defense responses, and signal transduction processes. Dendrobium catenatum (also known as Dendrobium officinale, hereinafter referred to as D. catenatum) is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb with remarkable medicinal properties and possessing high economic value. Polysaccharides are the primary active components in D. catenatum, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. Sugar transporters function as material supplier and may play the essential roles in the polysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as the key reulators in the signaling and responses to abiotic stresses in Dendrobium plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of sugar transporters in D. catenatum remains elusive, thereby hindering our understanding of sugar partitioning within this species.ResultsIn this work, the members belonging to MST, SUT, and SWEET gene families were identified in four Dendrobium plants. A comprehensive study of sugar transporters was conducted in D. catenatum, including phylogenetic relationship, structural arrangement, regulatory networks, expression profiles, and potential functions analysis. Seven sugar transporters were found to be involved in the process of polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. catenatum. Red-blue light is an effective way to enhance the accumulation of polysaccharides, and exerts an influence on the expression of polysaccharide biosynthesis related genes.ConclusionsThis study provide insight into the evolution and functional annotation of sugar transporters in Dendrobium, and establishing a foundation for future functional research of sugar transporters involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response.

Investigating the Role of Oxidative Stress and Immune Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune sickness characterized with the aid of persistent joint infection, leading to joint damage and useful impairment. The pathogenesis of RA is thought to be encouraged with the aid of each genetic and environmental elements, with immune device dysregulation playing a valuable role in ailment progression. Increasing proof shows that oxidative pressure, which results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, contributes to the inflammatory techniques and tissue harm seen in RA. Objectives: This take a look at aimed to investigate the relationship among oxidative pressure and immune machine dysregulation inside the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methodology:This look at turned into conducted from 1st April to 30 November 2024 and protected a total of 200 participants were covered inside the examiner, along with 150 RA patients (75 male and 75 female) and 50 wholesome controls (25 male and 25 lady). The individuals’ ages ranged from 35 to 75 years. Blood samples were collected from the outpatient clinics at Tikrit Teaching Hospital among April and October 2024, and RA patients have been identified primarily based on medical criteria with the aid of the attending physicians. Oxidative strain markers, along with malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α, had been measured. Disease interest became assessed the usage of the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). Results:The effects revealed that each male and female RA patients had extensively higher levels of MDA and decrease GSH tiers compared to the healthy manage institution. Moreover, seasoned-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α) had been appreciably improved in RA sufferers, indicating a country of chronic infection. The DAS28 ratings confirmed that a majority of the RA patients had moderate to excessive disorder hobby. No good sized gender-based variations have been discovered in oxidative strain markers, cytokine stages, or sickness interest rankings. Conclusions: Our take a look at highlights the essential interaction among oxidative strain and immune dysregulation in RA. The determined correlations among oxidative markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and disease severity underscore the capability for focused on these pathways inside the management of RA. Future studies are warranted to in addition explore the healing ability of antioxidant-primarily based and anti-cytokine treatments in ameliorating RA-associated inflammation and joint damage. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and capacity treatments focused on oxidative stress and immune modulation in RA.

Investigating the Role of Oxidative Stress and Immune Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune sickness characterized with the aid of persistent joint infection, leading to joint damage and useful impairment. The pathogenesis of RA is thought to be encouraged with the aid of each genetic and environmental elements, with immune device dysregulation playing a valuable role in ailment progression. Increasing proof shows that oxidative pressure, which results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, contributes to the inflammatory techniques and tissue harm seen in RA. Objectives: This take a look at aimed to investigate the relationship among oxidative pressure and immune machine dysregulation inside the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methodology:This look at turned into conducted from 1st April to 30 November 2024 and protected a total of 200 participants were covered inside the examiner, along with 150 RA patients (75 male and 75 female) and 50 wholesome controls (25 male and 25 lady). The individuals’ ages ranged from 35 to 75 years. Blood samples were collected from the outpatient clinics at Tikrit Teaching Hospital among April and October 2024, and RA patients have been identified primarily based on medical criteria with the aid of the attending physicians. Oxidative strain markers, along with malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α, had been measured. Disease interest became assessed the usage of the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). Results:The effects revealed that each male and female RA patients had extensively higher levels of MDA and decrease GSH tiers compared to the healthy manage institution. Moreover, seasoned-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α) had been appreciably improved in RA sufferers, indicating a country of chronic infection. The DAS28 ratings confirmed that a majority of the RA patients had moderate to excessive disorder hobby. No good sized gender-based variations have been discovered in oxidative strain markers, cytokine stages, or sickness interest rankings. Conclusions: Our take a look at highlights the essential interaction among oxidative strain and immune dysregulation in RA. The determined correlations among oxidative markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and disease severity underscore the capability for focused on these pathways inside the management of RA. Future studies are warranted to in addition explore the healing ability of antioxidant-primarily based and anti-cytokine treatments in ameliorating RA-associated inflammation and joint damage. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and capacity treatments focused on oxidative stress and immune modulation in RA.

Investigation of Fatigue Assessment Method for Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Hull Structures Based on Stiffness Degradation

A study was conducted on the fatigue assessment method for composite ship structures under complex marine environments, and a fatigue assessment method based on the principle of stiffness degradation was proposed. Fatigue tests were performed on the composite material of the target ship to obtain the stiffness degradation parameters under tension–compression loading. Four fatigue hotspot areas in the midsection of the hull were selected, and mesh refinement was applied to these locations to accurately capture the variations in stress gradients. The structural stress response transfer function was calculated, and the short-term and long-term distribution data of wave loads were obtained. Finally, the fatigue life of the target ship hotspots was predicted by combining spectral fatigue analysis with the stiffness degradation theory. The results indicate that the connection between the bulkhead stiffener and the inner bottom plate has the shortest fatigue life, and its dimensions were optimized.

NIR-715 photodynamic therapy induces immunogenic cancer cell death by enhancing the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

Effectively interfering with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function in tumor cells and simultaneously activating an anti-tumor immune microenvironment to attack the tumor cells are promising strategies for cancer treatment. However, precise ER-stress induction is still a huge challenge. In this study, we synthesized a near-infrared (NIR) probe, NIR-715, which induces tumor cell death and inhibits tumor growth without causing apparent side effects. NIR-715 triggers severe ER stress and immunogenic cell death (ICD) after visible light exposure. NIR-715 induced ICD-associated HMGB1 release in vitro and anti-tumor immune responses, including increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte (GZMB+ CD8+ T cell) infiltration and decreased numbers of exhausted T lymphocytes (PD-L1+ CD8+ T cell). These findings suggest that NIR-715 may be a novel agent for “cold” tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT).Schematic illustration of NIR-715 photodynamic therapy for visible light-triggered, endoplasmic reticulum-targeting antitumor therapy.

Alterations of the endocannabinoid system in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury as a function of childhood maltreatment

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent phenomenon in adolescence, often associated with prior traumatic experiences. The development and maintenance of NSSI is associated with dysregulation of the stress response, and evidence suggests that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role. The endocannabinoid system is a neuromodulatory system in close functional interaction with the HPA axis. Several studies have reported alterations of the endocannabinoid system in adult patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the role of the endocannabinoid system in children and adolescents with NSSI is less clear, and previously no study examined endocannabinoids in youth with experiences of maltreatment. N-arachidonyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified alongside sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in n = 148 adolescents (12–17 years of age). Analyses addressed group differences comparing healthy controls (HC, n = 38), patients with NSSI without (NSSI − CMT, n = 42) and with a history of childhood maltreatment (NSSI + CMT, n = 68). We show that AEA is reduced in adolescents with NSSI independent of childhood maltreatment. Further, we present first evidence for a negative association between AEA and NSSI frequency as well as AEA and the severity of childhood maltreatment. This is the first study providing evidence for alterations in the endocannabinoid system in children and adolescents engaging in repetitive NSSI. Findings from the study support current endocannabinoid-hypotheses on the neurobiology of trauma and adversity, extending existing findings of altered endocannabinoid signaling following exposure to traumatic events to a well-powered sample of children and adolescents.

Polyethylene glycol loxenatide protects diabetic kidneys by inhibiting GRP78/PERK/eIF2α pathway, and improves cardiac injury by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway

BackgroundCardiovascular and renal complications of type 2 diabetes are the main causes of death in diabetic patients. Clinical studies have found that polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe), a GLP-1 analog widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, boosts renal and cardiac functions in diabetic patients. However, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.MethodsUsing injury models of HK-2 human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and H9C2 rat myocardial cells, as well as db/db mouse models of type 2 diabetes, this study assessed the protective effects of PEG-Loxe on T2DM mice kidneys and hearts and revealed their mechanisms of action.ResultsPEG-Loxe treatment significantly reduced the contents of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and 24 h urine protein, alleviated glomerular injury and inflammatory reaction, markedly elevated cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS) levels, diminished pathological injuries in cardiac tissues, and improved renal and cardiac functions in db/db mice. In addition, PEG-Loxe considerably decreased the GRP78 mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP in the kidneys of T2DM mice, inhibited GRP78/PERK/eIF2α pathway-related proteins in HK-2 cells cultured in high glucose concentrations, subdued renal endoplasmic reticulum stress, and eased renal injury in T2DM mice. PEG-Loxe also obstructed the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and myocardial apoptosis and mitigated cardiac trauma in T2DM by reducing TLR4, MyD88, and p-NF-κBp65 protein expressions in cardiac tissues. The H9C2 cell experiment further confirmed PEG-Loxe’s ability to protect the cardiovascular system of T2DM patients by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and lessening LDH and CK-MB levels.ConclusionWe showed that PEG-Loxe could decrease renal stress response and improve renal injury in T2DM by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress via the GRP78/PERK/eIF2α pathway. Additionally, PEG-Loxe could hinder the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and myocardial apoptosis and boost cardiac function, thus exerting protective effects on the cardiovascular system in T2DM.

Priming grapevines with oregano essential oil vapour results in a metabolomic shift eliciting resistance against downy mildew

BackgroundPriming plants with natural products is extensively studied in the agricultural field to reduce the use of synthetic and copper-based pesticides. Previous studies have shown that Oregano essential oil vapour (OEOV) is an effective priming agent against downy mildew (DM) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas), activating different transcriptomic regulated defence mechanisms.ResultsIn the present study, we complement transcriptomic data with metabolomic insights, confirming some previous regulating patterns and highlighting new mechanisms underlying OEOV-induced resistance. A significant modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway was noted. The data also confirmed the induction of an oxidative stress response indicated by an up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes and a congruent depletion of putative L-glutathione. Interestingly, OEOV promoted the accumulation of organic metabolites such as terpenes and other potential phytoalexins, which could potentially contribute to grapevine innate immune response to Plasmopara viticola.ConclusionOverall, this study uncovered a diverse influence of OEOV on V. vinifera defence mechanisms against DM, enhancing our comprehension of the mode of action of essential oils. This insight offers various prospects for crafting innovative biocontrol products, fostering a more dynamic and sustainable approach to agriculture.

Molecular evolution and interaction of ROS with ion transport for plant abiotic stresses

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as crucial signaling molecules in plants, enabling rapid responses to environmental stresses such as abiotic factors. ROS production primarily stems from the activation of enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and peroxidases, as well as disruptions in the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. This oxidative stress triggers signaling pathways that involve in calcium ion (Ca2+) influx across cell membranes, altering ionic conductance. ROS encompass hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which activate hyperpolarization‐activated Ca2+ channels and influence ion transport dynamics. Our review focuses on the mechanisms driving ROS generation and ion transport during plant responses to abiotic stress. We explore the regulation, characteristics, and potential structures of ROS‐activated ion channels in plants. Specifically, we examine the molecular responses and evolutionary adaptations of Shaker‐type K+ channels (AKT/KAT/GORK/SKOR) under stress conditions. Comparative genetic analyses highlight the conservation of these channels and other ROS‐regulated proteins (e.g., MDHAR, POX, and RBOH), suggesting their essential roles in plant to adapt to diverse stresses. This study underscores the significance of ROS‐regulated proteins in plant stress responses, advocating for further research to elucidate their fundamental roles.

Mitochondrial (dys) function: a double edge sword in cell stress response

Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles acting as energy, metabolic and signaling hubs in the cells. They play a central role in biological processes aimed at maintaining cell homeostasis and regulating cell fate upon changing environments. Alterations in mitochondrial functions can affect cell stress response through different mechanisms, leading to adaptation or death. In this perspective, we focus on mitochondrial communication and its relevance for cytoprotective strategies aimed at controlling synthesis, degradation and recycling processes. The advantage of using yeast as a model organism for improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind cell stress responses to mitochondrial dysfunction is described. New challenges for studying the interplay between mitochondrial retrograde signaling and autophagy/mitophagy pathways are highlighted.

Polyphenol-Derived Microbiota Metabolites and Cardiovascular Health: A Concise Review of Human Studies

Polyphenols, plant-derived secondary metabolites, play crucial roles in plant stress responses, growth regulation, and environmental interactions. In humans, polyphenols are associated with various health benefits, particularly in cardiometabolic health. Despite growing evidence of polyphenols’ health-promoting effects, their mechanisms remain poorly understood due to high interindividual variability in bioavailability and metabolism. Recent research highlights the bidirectional relationship between dietary polyphenols and the gut microbiota, which can influence polyphenol metabolism and, conversely, be modulated by polyphenol intake. In this concise review, we summarized recent advances in this area, with a special focus on isoflavones and ellagitannins and their corresponding metabotypes, and their effect on cardiovascular health. Human observational studies published in the past 10 years provide evidence for a consistent association of isoflavones and ellagitannins and their metabotypes with better cardiovascular risk factors. However, interventional studies with dietary polyphenols or isolated microbial metabolites indicate that the polyphenol–gut microbiota interrelationship is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Finally, we highlighted various pending research questions that will help identify effective targets for intervention with precision nutrition, thus maximizing individual responses to dietary and lifestyle interventions and improving human health.

Identification of GiOMT gene family in Glycyrrhiza inflata bat and expression analysis under UV-B stresses

BackgroundO-Methyltransferase (OMTs) is a class of conserved multifunctional enzymes that play important roles in plant developmental regulation, hormone signaling, secondary metabolite synthesis and abiotic stress response. The GiOMT gene family has been identified and analyzed in species such as citrus, alfalfa, Populus and grape, but has not been reported in Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.ResultsIn this study, we systematically identified and analyzed the GiOMT gene family of G. inflata by bioinformatics, and analyzed their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, conserved structural domains, gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal localization and fragment duplications, and the expression patterns of GiOMT genes in combination with transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR. The results showed that a total of 41 GiOMTs were identified in G. inflata, which were named GiOMT1 ~ GiOMT41 based on their chromosomal locations. Protein characterization showed that 29 GiOMT proteins were hydrophilic and 12 GiOMT proteins were hydrophobic. Subcellular predicted localization revealed that most GiOMT proteins localized in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Phylogenetic relationships showed that the OMT genes of three species, G. inflata, Arabidopsis and alfalfa, were distributed in three taxa, while the GiOMT genes were distributed in taxa I and II. Promoters of GiOMT genes contained light responsive element and many hormone responsive elements. The expression levels of GiOMT genes under UV-B stress were varied, indicating that GiOMT gene was in response to abiotic stresses in G. inflata.ConclusionIn this study, we investigated the genome-wide identification, structure, evolution and expression analysis of the GiOMT gene in G. inflata. The basal sequence of GiOMT genes was highly conserved throughout the evolutionary history of G. inflata. Most of the GiOMT genes were highly expressed in roots and were involved in the response to UV-B stress. The GiOMT genes may lead to the accumulation of flavonoids and enhancement of G. inflata quality and drug activity in G. inflata under UV-B radiation.

Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Versus Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) in Pediatric Hip Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial.

The effectiveness and safety of the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and lumbar erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in pediatric hip surgeries is limited mainly to case reports. This study assessed the efficacy of ultrasound-guided PENG block versus lumbar ESPB under spinal anesthesia. Ninety patients aged 2 to 7 years, ASA I-III scheduled for hip surgery were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups, each receiving the PENG block group (n=30), the ESPB group (n=30), or the control group (n=30). After the spinal anesthesia, the block was performed with 0.5kg/mL of 0.2% ropivacaine. The primary outcome was the pain scores (FLACC) 48 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes included postoperative FLACC pain scores, neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and total opioid consumption. The FLACC score was significantly lower in the lumbar ESPB and PENG groups compared with the control group (P<0.0001) at all time points. The NLR and PLR levels were substantially lower in the PENG and lumbar ESPB groups (P<0.0001) compared with the control group. The NLR and PLR levels were significantly lower in the PENG and lumbar ESPB groups compared with the control group (P<0.0001). The total opioid consumption was significantly lower in the PENG and lumbar ESPB groups compared with the control group (P<0.0001). Forty-three percent of children in the PENG group and 50% of children in the lumbar ESPB group did not require opioids postoperatively. The PENG block and the lumbar ESPB provide efficient postoperative analgesia in children undergoing hip surgery. The PENG block and lumbar ESPB lower cumulative opioid consumption and the stress response to surgery, expressed by NLR and PLR levels. Level I.

Quantitative analysis of septin Cdc10 & Cdc3-associated proteome during stress response in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast that primarily infects immunocompromised individuals. Fatal outcome of cryptococcosis depends on the ability of C. neoformans to sense and adapt to 37°C. A complex of conserved filament forming GTPases, called septins, composed of Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, and Cdc12, assembles at the mother-bud neck in C. neoformans. Septins Cdc3 and Cdc12 are essential for proliferation of C. neoformans at 37°C and for virulence in the Galleria mellonella model of infection, presumably due to their requirement for septin complex formation, and the involvement in cytokinesis. However, how exactly Cdc3, and Cdc12 contribute to C. neoformans growth at 37°C remains unknown. Based on studies investigating roles of septins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin complex at the mother-bud neck of C. neoformans is predicted to interact with proteins involved in cell cycle control, morphogenesis, and cytokinesis, but the septin-associated proteome in C. neoformans has not been investigated. Here, we utilized tandem mass spectrometry to define C. neoformans proteins that associate with either Cdc3 or Cdc10 at ∼25°C or after the shift to 37°C. Our findings unveil a diverse array of septin-associated proteins, highlighting potential roles of septins in cell division, and stress response. Two proteins, identified as associated with both Cdc3 and Cdc10, the actin-binding protein profilin, which was detected at both temperatures, and ATP-binding multi-drug transporter Afr1, which was detected exclusively at 37°C, were further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. We also confirmed that association of Cdc3 with Afr1 was enhanced at 37°C. Upon shift to 37°C, septins Cdc3 and Cdc10 exhibited altered localization and Cdc3 partially co-localized with Afr1. In addition, we also investigated changes to levels of individual C. neoformans proteins upon shift from ∼25 to 37°C in exponentially grown culture and when cells entered stationary phase at ∼25°C. Our study reveals changes to C. neoformans proteome associated with heat and nutrient deprivation stresses and provides a landscape of septin-associated C. neoformans proteome, which will facilitate elucidating the biology of septins and mechanisms of stress response in this fungal pathogen.

Technique imagination guided to decline painful response on patient fracture at dr. central general hospital Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar

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